The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 29 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Anatomy of an Endogenous Antagonist: Relationship between Agouti-Related Protein and Proopiomelanocortin in Brain
Open accessAbstract
Agouti-related protein (AGRP) is a recently discovered orexigenic neuropeptide that inhibits the binding and action of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone derived from proopiomelanocortin (POMC) at the melanocortin 3 receptor (MC3R) and melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) and has been proposed to function primarily as an endogenous melanocortin antagonist. To better understand the interplay between the AGRP and melanocortin signaling systems, we compared their nerve fiber distributions with each other by immunohistochemistry and their perikarya distribution with MC3R and MC4R by double in situ hybridization. Although deriving from distinct cell groups, AGRP and melanocortin terminals project to identical brain areas. Both AGRP and melanocortin neurons selectively express the MC3R, which provides a neuroanatomical basis for a dual-input circuit with biological amplification and feedback inhibition. These studies highlight a broader complexity in POMC-mediated behavior in the brain.
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“Neurons expressing agouti-related protein (AgRP) are found exclusively in the ARC [20]”
From Chronic unpredictable stress induces depression-related behaviors by suppressing AgRP neuron activity (2021) · cites this paper as [20]
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“However, available anatomical evidence suggests that AgRP neurons may functionally interact with the mesolimbic pathway [20, 62, 86], which has been implicated in depression [56].”
From Chronic unpredictable stress induces depression-related behaviors by suppressing AgRP neuron activity (2021) · cites this paper as [20]
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“As AgRP neurons project to multiple brain regions involved in stress reactivity and reward processing [20, 62, 86], it is not clear which downstream targets may be contributing to the effects of AgRP neurons on depression-related behaviors.”
From Chronic unpredictable stress induces depression-related behaviors by suppressing AgRP neuron activity (2021) · cites this paper as [20]
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“Another candidate downstream target of AgRP neurons is the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) [20, 62], which has emerged as a key player in stress-related disorders [90, 91].”
From Chronic unpredictable stress induces depression-related behaviors by suppressing AgRP neuron activity (2021) · cites this paper as [20]
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Citations
Cites
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Antagonism of central melanocortin receptors in vitro and in vivo by agouti-related protein
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Self-citationCoexpression of Agrp and NPY in fasting-activated hypothalamic neurons
Hahn, T. M., Breininger, J. F., Baskin, D. G., & Schwartz, M. W. (1998) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/1082 · Cited by 1,164
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Leptin Activates Hypothalamic CART Neurons Projecting to the Spinal Cord
Elias, C. F., Lee, C., Kelly, J., Aschkenasi, C. J., Ahima, R. S., Couceyro, P. R., Kuhar, M. J., Saper, C. B., & Elmquist, J. K. (1998) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80656-x · Cited by 809
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“Artificial increases in AGRP achieved pharmacologically or in transgenic animals cause elevated food intake and obesity (Graham et al., 1997; Ollmann et al., 1997; Grill et al., 1998; Rossi et al., 1998).”
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Millan, M. J. (2002) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0301-0082(02)00009-6 · Cited by 3,035
Leptin activates anorexigenic POMC neurons through a neural network in the arcuate nucleus
Cowley, M. A., Smart, J. L., Rubinstein, M., Cerdán, M. G., Diano, S., Horvath, T. L., Cone, R. D., & Low, M. J. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35078085 · Cited by 2,356
Leptin Action on GABAergic Neurons Prevents Obesity and Reduces Inhibitory Tone to POMC Neurons
Vong, L., Ye, C., Yang, Z., Choi, B. J., Chua, S. C., & Lowell, B. B. (2011) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.05.028 · Cited by 1,237
“Second, POMC neurons and AgRP neurons project to brain regions likely to be important in regulating body weight (important examples include the paraventricular nucleus and the lateral parabrachial nucleus (Bagnol et al., 1999; Elias et al., 1998; Haskell-Luevano et al., 1999; Wu et al., 2009)).”
Divergence of Melanocortin Pathways in the Control of Food Intake and Energy Expenditure
Balthasar, N., Dalgaard, L. T., Lee, C. E., Yu, J. H., Funahashi, H., Williams, T. B., Ferreira, M. A. R., Tang, V., McGovern, R. A., Kenny, C. D., et al. (2005) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.08.035 · Cited by 1,107
“First, the PVH receives strong input from proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons, which release the MC4R agonist and antagonist, α-MSH and AgRP, respectively (Bagnol et al., 1999; Cowley et al., 1999).”
BackgroundBrain-derived neurotrophic factor regulates energy balance downstream of melanocortin-4 receptor
Xu, B., Goulding, E. H., Zang, K., Cepoi, D., Cone, R. D., Jones, K. R., Tecott, L. H., & Reichardt, L. F. (2003) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1073 · Cited by 896
Metadata
- Authors
- Bagnol, D., Lu, X.-Y., Kaelin, C. B., Day, H. E. W., Ollmann, M., Gantz, I., Akil, H., Barsh, G. S., & Watson, S. J.
- Affiliations
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Mental Health Research Institute (AU)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- University of Michigan (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 1999-09-15
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 18
- Pages
- RC26-RC26
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6782481
- OpenAlex
- W1572502886
- Cited by
- 425
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 6.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (P01 MH 42251, P01MH042251)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01 DK-54032-01, R01DK054032, DK 28506)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Keywords
- agouti-related protein, proopiomelanocortin, melanocortin 3 receptor, melanocortin-4 receptor, melanocortin signaling, orexigenic peptides, product inhibition, neuroanatomy, feeding behavior
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Autoradiography, Brain, Immunohistochemistry, Male, Nerve Fibers, Pro-Opiomelanocortin, Proteins, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, In Situ Hybridization, Receptors, Corticotropin, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 3, Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4, Rats, Agouti-Related Protein
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