The DOI matches its Crossref record; 47 of the 48 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Functional Subpopulations of V3 Interneurons in the Mature Mouse Spinal Cord
Open accessAbstract
V3 interneurons (INs) are a major group of excitatory commissural interneurons in the spinal cord, and they are essential for producing a stable and robust locomotor rhythm. V3 INs are generated from the ventral-most progenitor domain, p3, but migrate dorsally and laterally during postmitotic development. At birth, they are located in distinctive clusters in the ventral horn and deep dorsal horn. To assess the heterogeneity of this genetically identified group of spinal INs, we combined patch-clamp recording and anatomical tracing with cluster analysis. We examined electrophysiological and morphological properties of mature V3 INs identified by their expression of tdTomato fluorescent proteins in Sim1(Cre/+); Rosa(floxstop26TdTom) mice. We identified two V3 subpopulations with distinct intrinsic properties and spatial distribution patterns. Ventral V3 INs, primarily located in lamina VIII, possess a few branching processes and were capable of generating rapid tonic firing spikes. By contrast, dorsal V3 INs exhibited a more complex morphology and relatively slow average spike frequency with strong adaptation, and they also displayed large sag voltages and post-inhibitory rebound potentials. Our data suggested that hyperpolarization-activated cation channel currents and T-type calcium channel currents may account for some of the membrane properties of V3 INs. Finally, we observed that ventral and dorsal V3 INs were active in different ways during running and swimming, indicating that ventral V3 INs may act as premotor neurons and dorsal V3 INs as relay neurons mediating sensory inputs. Together, we detected two physiologically and topographically distinct subgroups of V3 INs, each likely playing different roles in locomotor activities.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Neurons differentiate asynchronously from progenitors by undergoing a series of transcriptional changes that converts a proliferative progenitor into specific classes of neurons.”
From Single cell transcriptomics reveals spatial and temporal dynamics of gene expression in the developing mouse spinal cord (2019) · cites this paper as Borowska et al., 2013
In the citing paper
“Post-mitotic neurons subsequently further diversify into discrete subsets of physiologically distinct neuronal subtypes and commence formation of the circuitry that is characteristic of the spinal cord”
From Single cell transcriptomics reveals spatial and temporal dynamics of gene expression in the developing mouse spinal cord (2019) · cites this paper as Borowska et al., 2013
In the citing paper
“V3 interneurons have been previously shown to comprise at least two subtypes with distinct properties and settling positions in the spinal cord”
From Single cell transcriptomics reveals spatial and temporal dynamics of gene expression in the developing mouse spinal cord (2019) · cites this paper as Borowska et al., 2013
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Elements of Statistical Learning
Hastie, T., Tibshirani, R., & Friedman, J. (2009) · Springer Series in Statistics · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-84858-7 · Cited by 25,970
A robust and high-throughput Cre reporting and characterization system for the whole mouse brain
Madisen, L., Zwingman, T. A., Sunkin, S. M., Oh, S. W., Zariwala, H. A., Gu, H., Ng, L. L., Palmiter, R. D., Hawrylycz, M. J., Jones, A. R., et al. (2010) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2467 · Cited by 6,907
Petilla terminology: nomenclature of features of GABAergic interneurons of the cerebral cortex
The Petilla Interneuron Nomenclature Group (PING) (2008) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2402 · Cited by 1,491
Central pattern generators for locomotion, with special reference to vertebrates.
Grillner, S., & Wallén, P. (1985) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.ne.08.030185.001313 · Cited by 849
Homeobox gene Nkx2.2 and specification of neuronal identity by graded Sonic hedgehog signalling
Briscoe, J., Sussel, L., Serup, P., Hartigan-O'Connor, D., Jessell, T., Rubenstein, J., & Ericson, J. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/19315 · Cited by 807
Diversity and Dynamics of Dendritic Signaling
Häusser, M., Spruston, N., & Stuart, G. J. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.290.5492.739 · Cited by 783
Circuits controlling vertebrate locomotion: moving in a new direction
Goulding, M. (2009) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2608 · Cited by 777 · cited 1×
“The discoveries describing the genetic origins of spinal neurons have provided powerful tools to identify different neuronal classes according to their molecular profiles (Goulding, 2009).”
BackgroundSelf-citationOrganization of mammalian locomotor rhythm and pattern generation
McCrea, D. A., & Rybak, I. A. (2007) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2007.08.006 · Cited by 687
Kjærulff, O., & Kiehn, O. (1996) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.16-18-05777.1996 · Cited by 521
Cazalets, J., Sqalli-Houssaini, Y., & Clarac, F. (1992) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1992.sp019296 · Cited by 479
INFLUENCE OF DISCHARGE OF MOTONEURONS UPON EXCITATION OF NEIGHBORING MOTONEURONS
Renshaw, B. (1941) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1941.4.2.167 · Cited by 461
CENTRAL EFFECTS OF CENTRIPETAL IMPULSES IN AXONS OF SPINAL VENTRAL ROOTS
Renshaw, B. (1946) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1946.9.3.191 · Cited by 445
Distinct Subtypes of Somatostatin-Containing Neocortical Interneurons Revealed in Transgenic Mice
Ma, Y., Hu, H., Berrebi, A. S., Mathers, P. H., & Agmon, A. (2006) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0661-06.2006 · Cited by 432
Fine-scale specificity of cortical networks depends on inhibitory cell type and connectivity
Yoshimura, Y., & Callaway, E. M. (2005) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1565 · Cited by 390
V3 Spinal Neurons Establish a Robust and Balanced Locomotor Rhythm during Walking
Zhang, Y., Narayan, S., Geiman, E. J., Lanuza, G. M., Velasquez, T., Shanks, B., Akay, T., Dyck, J. R. B., Pearson, K. G., Gosgnach, S., et al. (2008) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.09.027 · Cited by 350
Self-citationMotor Circuits in Action: Specification, Connectivity, and Function
Arber, S. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.05.011 · Cited by 319
Information Processing in Dendritic Trees
Mel, B. W. (1994) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/neco.1994.6.6.1031 · Cited by 290
Wilson, J. M. M. (2005) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0274-05.2005 · Cited by 230
Graves, A. R., Moore, S. J., Bloss, E. B., Mensh, B. D., Kath, W. L., & Spruston, N. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.09.036 · Cited by 218
Jankowska, E. (2001) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.0031b.x · Cited by 214
Sugimori, M., Nagao, M., Bertrand, N., Parras, C., Guillemot, F., & Nakafuku, M. (2007) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.001255 · Cited by 197
Spinal interneuronal networks in the cat: Elementary components
Jankowska, E. (2007) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2007.06.022 · Cited by 188
Huang, L., Keyser, B. M., Tagmose, T. M., Hansen, J. B., Taylor, J. T., Zhuang, H., Zhang, M., Ragsdale, D. S., & Li, M. (2004) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.103.060814 · Cited by 173
Zhong, G., Droho, S., Crone, S. A., Dietz, S., Kwan, A. C., Webb, W. W., Sharma, K., & Harris-Warrick, R. M. (2010) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4849-09.2010 · Cited by 159
Mibefradil Inhibition of T-Type Calcium Channels in Cerebellar Purkinje Neurons
McDonough, S. I., & Bean, B. P. (1998) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1124/mol.54.6.1080 · Cited by 139
Firing and Cellular Properties of V2a Interneurons in the Rodent Spinal Cord
Dougherty, K. J., & Kiehn, O. (2010) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4821-09.2010 · Cited by 138
Stam, F. J., Hendricks, T. J., Zhang, J., Geiman, E. J., Francius, C., Labosky, P. A., Clotman, F., & Goulding, M. (2012) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.071134 · Cited by 115 · cited 1×
“For example, Renshaw cells, a subset of the V1 INs (Stam et al., 2012; Alvarez et al., 2013), mediate the recurrent inhibition to motor neurons and have unique anatomical and physiological characteristics (Renshaw, Received April 30, 2013; revised Oct. 11, 2013; accepted Oct. 23, 2013.”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe maturation of locomotor networks
Clarac, F., Brocard, F., & Vinay, L. (2004) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(03)43006-9 · Cited by 109
Projection patterns of commissural interneurons in the lumbar spinal cord of the neonatal rat
Stokke, M. K., Nissen, U. V., Glover, J. C., & Kiehn, O. (2002) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.10211 · Cited by 105
Central Pattern Generators Deciphered by Molecular Genetics
Kiehn, O., & Kullander, K. (2004) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(04)00042-x · Cited by 101
Localization of Spinal Neurons Activated During Locomotion Using thec-fosImmunohistochemical Method
Dai, X., Noga, B. R., Douglas, J. R., & Jordan, L. M. (2005) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00578.2004 · Cited by 95
Jankowska, E., & Edgley, S. A. (2010) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07354.x · Cited by 85
Sławińska, U., Majczyński, H., Dai, Y., & Jordan, L. M. (2012) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2011.224931 · Cited by 85
Frigon, A., & Rossignol, S. (2008) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2008.152488 · Cited by 84
Zhong, G., Díaz‐Ríos, M., & Harris‐Warrick, R. M. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1410-06.2006 · Cited by 77
Bernhardt, N. R., Memic, F., Gezelius, H., Thiebes, A. L., Vallstedt, A., & Kullander, K. (2012) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.03.017 · Cited by 53
Álvarez, F. J., Benito‐Gonzalez, A., & Siembab, V. C. (2013) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.12084 · Cited by 50
Walsh, M. A., Graham, B. A., Brichta, A. M., & Callister, R. (2009) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.90755.2008 · Cited by 48
Functional characterization of dI6 interneurons in the neonatal mouse spinal cord
Dyck, J. R. B., Lanuza, G. M., & Gosgnach, S. (2012) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.01132.2011 · Cited by 43
Szokol, K., Glover, J. C., & Perreault, M. (2011) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5486-10.2011 · Cited by 36
Smith, M., & Perrier, J. (2006) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00609.2006 · Cited by 33
Long-duration perforated patch recordings from spinal interneurons of adult mice
Husch, A., Cramer, N., & Harris‐Warrick, R. M. (2011) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00673.2011 · Cited by 31
Szűcs, P., Odeh, F., Szokol, K., & Antal, M. (2003) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02484.x · Cited by 31
Intrinsic firing properties of developing rat superficial dorsal horn neurons
Baccei, M. L., & Fitzgerald, M. (2005) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/01.wnr.0000175612.08560.10 · Cited by 28
Theiss, R., & Heckman, C. J. (2005) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.04.041 · Cited by 24
Tadros, M. A., Harris, B. M., Anderson, W. B., Brichta, A. M., Graham, B. A., & Callister, R. (2012) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2012.227389 · Cited by 23
The Development of V3 interneurons in the mouse spinal cord
Blacklaws, J. (2013) · Library and Archives Canada (Government of Canada) · Cited by 1
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Geiman, 2006, Anatomical characterization of V3 interneuron subpopulations in the neonatal mouse spinal cord, Soc Neurosci Abstr, 32, 252.10
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Decoding the organization of spinal circuits that control locomotion
Kiehn, O. (2016) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn.2016.9 · Cited by 742
Current principles of motor control, with special reference to vertebrate locomotion
Grillner, S., & El Manira, A. (2020) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00015.2019 · Cited by 560
Delile, J., Rayon, T., Melchionda, M., Edwards, A., Briscoe, J., & Sagner, A. (2019) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.173807 · Cited by 356
Molecular and cellular development of spinal cord locomotor circuitry
Lu, D. C.-T., Niu, T., & Alaynick, W. A. (2015) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2015.00025 · Cited by 193
Making sense out of spinal cord somatosensory development
Lai, H. C., Seal, R. P., & Johnson, J. E. (2016) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.139592 · Cited by 188
Metadata
- Authors
- Borowska, J., Jones, C. T., Zhang, H., Blacklaws, J., Goulding, M., & Zhang, Y.
- Affiliations
- Dalhousie University (CA)
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2013-11-20
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 47
- Pages
- 18553-18565
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC3894417
- OpenAlex
- W2047303975
- Cited by
- 111
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 3.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (MOP110950)
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (38620)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (P01NS031249, R37NS037075)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ion channel regulation and function
- Keywords
- spinal cord, commissural interneurons, interneuron subpopulations, locomotor rhythm, hyperpolarization-activated cation channels, T-type calcium channels, post-inhibitory rebound, spike frequency adaptation, premotor neurons, locomotor behavior, interneuron migration
- MeSH terms
- Action Potentials, Animals, Animals, Newborn, Benzimidazoles, Cardiovascular Agents, Cyclopropanes, Electric Stimulation, Interneurons, Mice, Transgenic, Motor Activity, Naphthalenes, Nickel, Pyrimidines, Repressor Proteins, Spinal Cord, Cluster Analysis, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Statistics, Nonparametric, RNA, Untranslated, Mice, Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins, In Vitro Techniques
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
