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Distribution of CB1 Cannabinoid Receptors in the Amygdala and their Role in the Control of GABAergic Transmission
Open accessAbstract
Cannabinoids are the most popular illicit drugs used for recreational purposes worldwide. However, the neurobiological substrate of their mood-altering capacity has not been elucidated so far. Here we report that CB1 cannabinoid receptors are expressed at high levels in certain amygdala nuclei, especially in the lateral and basal nuclei, but are absent in other nuclei (e.g., in the central nucleus and in the medial nucleus). Expression of the CB1 protein was restricted to a distinct subpopulation of GABAergic interneurons corresponding to large cholecystokinin-positive cells. Detailed electron microscopic investigation revealed that CB1 receptors are located presynaptically on cholecystokinin-positive axon terminals, which establish symmetrical GABAergic synapses with their postsynaptic targets. The physiological consequence of this particular anatomical localization was investigated by whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in principal cells of the lateral and basal nuclei. CB1 receptor agonists WIN 55,212-2 and CP 55,940 reduced the amplitude of GABA(A) receptor-mediated evoked and spontaneous IPSCs, whereas the action potential-independent miniature IPSCs were not significantly affected. In contrast, CB1 receptor agonists were ineffective in changing the amplitude of IPSCs in the rat central nucleus and in the basal nucleus of CB1 knock-out mice. These results suggest that cannabinoids target specific elements in neuronal networks of given amygdala nuclei, where they presynaptically modulate GABAergic synaptic transmission. We propose that these anatomical and physiological features, characteristic of CB1 receptors in several forebrain regions, represent the neuronal substrate for endocannabinoids involved in retrograde synaptic signaling and may explain some of the emotionally relevant behavioral effects of cannabinoid exposure.
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“Following their synthesis, ECBs are retrogradely transported into the extracellular space to bind ECB receptors present on presynaptic terminals [19–21].”
From Amygdala FAAH and anandamide: mediating protection and recovery from stress (2013) · cites this paper as [19]
In the citing paper
“Within amygdala subnuclei, FAAH is highly expressed on pyramidal neurons in the BLA, and to a significantly lesser extent in the central nucleus (CeA) [19,20,46,47].”
From Amygdala FAAH and anandamide: mediating protection and recovery from stress (2013) · cites this paper as [19]
In the citing paper
“Yet, CB1 receptors are expressed at high levels in the BLA (Herkenham et al, 1990;Katona et al, 2001;Tsou et al, 1997)”
From Cannabinoids prevent the development of behavioral and endocrine alterations in a rat model of intense stress (2012) · cites this paper as Katona et al, 2001
In the citing paper
“but their expression in the central amygdala is less clear (Katona et al, 2001;Tsou et al, 1997;Cota et al, 2007; but see Kamprath et al, 2011).”
From Cannabinoids prevent the development of behavioral and endocrine alterations in a rat model of intense stress (2012) · cites this paper as Katona et al, 2001
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“For example, cannabinoid receptors (CB1) are densely expressed in brain areas important for anxiety and emotional learning including the BLA (Katona et al. 2001) and stimuli that produce aversive states modify eCB signaling in the BLA (Rademacher et al. 2008).”
Different output properties of perisomatic region‐targeting interneurons in the basal amygdala
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Chapter 16 Endocannabinoid System and Fear Conditioning
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“CB1 receptors are expressed in multiple brain areas including the olfactory bulb, neocortex, pyriform cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, basal ganglia, thalamic and hypothalamic nuclei, cerebellar cortex, and brain stem nuclei (Herkenham et al., 1990; Katona et al., 2001).”
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MethodInfluentialCannabinoids Regulate an Insula Circuit Controlling Water Intake
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The endocannabinoid system in the brain undergoes long-lasting changes following neuropathic pain
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“72 In addition to receptors, enzymes such as FAAH and MAGL are expressed in the amygdala.”
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Bisby, M. A., Richardson, R., & Baker, K. (2019) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109834 · Cited by 15
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Endocannabinoid Signaling in the Striatum
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“Because extinction requires cannabinoid signaling (Marsicano et al., 2002), and because CB1 receptors are located on inhibitory interneurons (Katona et al., 2001), these interneurons must be included in any model of extinction.”
BackgroundAdolescent Cannabis Use and Conduct Problems: the Mediating Influence of Callous-Unemotional Traits
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“, 2006), a marker for BLA in rodents (Mailleux and Vanderhaeghen, 1992; Matsuda et al., 1993; Katona et al., 2001).”
BackgroundComputational modelling: moonlighting on the neuroscience and medicine
Hassanzadeh, P. (2013) · Biomedical Reviews · doi:10.14748/bmr.v24.19 · Cited by 16
“Moreover, neural network models have demonstrated the modulatory effects of CB1 receptors on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transmission in the activated brain regions during REM-sleep (50).”
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Fonseca, R., Madeira, N., & Simões, C. R. B. (2020) · Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.mcn.2020.103582 · Cited by 17
From Active Ingredients to the Discovery of the Targets: The Cannabinoid Receptors
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Genetic Variations in the Human Cannabinoid Receptor Gene Are Associated with Happiness
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“In the brain, CB1 inhibits c-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transmission presynaptically [17,18].”
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“…used previously for light microscopic immunolabeling in mouse brain (Mulder et al. 2008) where the immunoreactivity has a distribution pattern similar to that seen using an extensively characterized rabbit antiserum also directed against the CB1R C terminus (Katona et al. 1999; Katona et al. 2001).”
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“Indepth and comprehensive analysis has shown that CB1 receptors exist presynaptically on cholecystokinin-positive axon terminals, which establish symmetrical GABAergic synapses with their postsynaptic targets (Azad et al., 2003; Katona et al., 2001).”
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Vulnerability Factors for the Psychiatric and Behavioral Effects of Cannabis
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“In the central nervous system, ECs are released by postsynaptic neurons to feedback inhibit the release of neurotransmitters such as γ-aminobutyric acid, promoting hyperphagia (3,4).”
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“Because CB1R blocks GABA release [37] this change decreases CCK synapse inhibition to the primary neuron.”
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“Neurons migrating radially through IZ and CP contained intracellular vesicles surrounded by the immunoreaction end-product forming typical CB1R-positive globules previously detected only in the interneurons [36,41].”
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“CB1 receptors are primarily found on GABA neurons of the amygdala (Katona et al., 2001; Yoshida et al., 2011), and functional studies suggest that CB1 receptors and endocannabinoids facilitated extinction of fear conditioning via inhibiting GABA release in this area (Marsicano et al., 2002).”
BackgroundNeuropeptide VF Enhances Cannabinoid Agonist WIN55,212-2-Induced Antinociception in Mice
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“In the BLA, regulation of synaptic input onto BLA pyramidal neurons is mediated, at least in part, by eCBs.(31,32) TBI increases levels of 2-AG in the ipsilateral (whole) hemisphere acutely postinjury, and intravenous 2-AG administration is neuroprotective in a closed head, weight-drop model of TBI in male mice.”
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“The BLA is relatively abundant in CB1 receptors present in GABAergic inhibitory interneurons (Katona et al., 2001), and blockade of CB1 receptors would increase GABA transmission within the BLA, thereby inhibiting the glutamatergic outputs to the VTA.”
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“Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is one psychoactive ingredient in cannabis with a high density of CB-1 receptors expressed in the lateral and basal nuclei of the amygdala (Katona et al., 2001) underlying emotional behavior (Gruber et al.”
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“…the hippocampus and BLA, co-expression of CB1 and 5-HT3 receptors are restricted to CCKcontaining GABAergic interneurons (Bodor et al., 2005; Katona et al., 1999, 2001; Marsicano and Lutz, 1999; Mascagni and McDonald, 2007; Morales et al., 1996; Morales and Bloom, 1997), suggesting that…”
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“In LA, the CR1 was preferentially expressed in INs expressing CCK [36,40] and the lack of DSI in connections by STi suggested that STi were mostly negative for CCK.”
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“Several brain regions known to be involved in the modulation of stress contain CB1 receptors including the BLA [52], DRN [53,54], and locus coeruleus [55].”
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“CB1 receptors are highly expressed in the BLA but not the CeA, where they are found primarily in GABA-like terminals (Katona et al., 2001; McDonald & Mascagni, 2001).”
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Escosteguy-Neto, J. C., Fallopa, P., Varela, P., Filev, R., Tabosa, Â., & Santos-Junior, J. G. (2012) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2012.05.014 · Cited by 9
Endocannabinoid Signaling in Neural Circuits of the Olfactory and Limbic System
Heinbockel, T., Wang, Z., Brown, E. A., & Austin, P. T. (2016) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/63214 · Cited by 9
Calakos, K. C., Blackman, D. R., Schulz, A. M., & Bauer, E. P. (2016) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/syn.21953 · Cited by 9
“Further, the CB1 cannabinoid receptors located exclusively on CCK-positive interneurons (Katona et al., 2001) modulate fear extinction (Marsicano et al., 2002).”
Cristino, L., Imperatore, R., & Marzo, V. D. (2017) · Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology · doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2017.05.003 · Cited by 9
Ofogh, S. N., Rezayof, A., Sardari, M., & Ghasemzadeh, Z. (2016) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2016.06.008 · Cited by 8
“CB1 cannabinoid receptors as a member of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily (Shim et al., 2013) are widely distributed in the basolateral amygdala (BLA; Katona et al., 2001) which is a well-known brain site in the processing of opiate-related reward memory (Sun and Laviolette, 2012).”
BackgroundMarinho, E. A. V., Oliveira-Lima, A. J., Yokoyama, T. S., Santos-Baldaia, R., Ribeiro, L. T. C., Baldaia, M. A., da Silva, R. W., Hollais, A. W., Talhati, F., Longo, B. M., et al. (2017) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2017.03.006 · Cited by 8
“Importantly, the BLA is relatively abundant in CB1 receptors present in GABAergic inhibitory interneurons (Katona et al., 2001), what could indicate that CB1 receptor blockade in the BLA could have been responsible for the enhanced extinction rates of cocaine conditioned hyperlocomotion in 10 mg/kg…”
BackgroundShirzadian, A., Ostadhadi, S., Hassanipour, M., Shafaroodi, H., Khoshnoodi, M., Haj‐Mirzaian, A., Sharifzadeh, M. S., Amiri, S., Ghasemi, M., & Dehpour, A. R. (2018) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2018.06.035 · Cited by 9
McDonald, A. J. (2020) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.12.016 · Cited by 8
“For example, a subtype of SOM+ neurons expresses neuropeptide Y (NPY) (McDonald, 1989; Urban, 2020), and subtypes of CCK+ INs express the CB1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R) and/or the type 3 vesicular glutamate transporter protein (VGluT3) (McDonald and Mascagni, 2001b; Katona et al., 2001; Omiya et al., 2015).”
BackgroundRaymon, L. P., & Walls, H. C. (2007) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-947-9_5 · Cited by 8
Chapter 4.5 The endocannabinoid system and anxiety responses
Bortolato, M., & Piomelli, D. (2008) · Handbook of Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s1569-7339(07)00014-8 · Cited by 7
Inhibitory CCK+ basket synapse defects in mouse models of dystroglycanopathy
Jahncke, J. N., Miller, D. S., Krush, M., Schnell, E., & Wright, K. M. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.87965 · Cited by 11
“In the IML, CB 1 R is present in excitatory mossy cell axons targeting dentate granule cells whereas in both cortex and amygdala CB 1 R expression is restricted to GABAergic interneurons ( Földy et al., 2006 ; Katona et al., 2001 ; Monory et al., 2015 ).”
BackgroundSoti, M., Ranjbar, H., Kohlmeier, K. A., Razavinasab, M., Masoumi‐Ardakani, Y., & Shabani, M. (2022) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.10.015 · Cited by 7
Bortolato, M., Braccagni, G., Pederson, C. A., Floris, G., & Fite, P. J. (2024) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2024.101948 · Cited by 7
Depression Onset in Long-term Adolescent Cannabinoid Use: A Neurobiological Review
Forrester, S. Y., & Jahan, N. (2020) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.7759 · Cited by 7
“At the basolateral amygdala, CB1 depolarization suppresses GABA inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) and, in this case, serves to reduce inhibitory GABA activity [19].”
BackgroundMadarnas, C., Villalba, N., Soriano, D., & Brusco, A. (2020) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00092 · Cited by 7
Neurochemical Communication: The Case of Endocannabinoids
Heinbockel, T. (2014) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/58410 · Cited by 7
Endocannabinoids as Modulators of Synaptic Signaling
Patel, S., & Hillard, C. J. (2008) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-503-9_10 · Cited by 7
“In contrast to the BLA, no effect of CB1R activation on GABAergic transmission is observed within the central amygdala [ 73 ].”
BackgroundInfluentialMcDonald, A. J., & Mascagni, F. (2019) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.24700 · Cited by 7
“Virtually all CCKL neurons express high levels of CB1R, whereas only about 10% of CCKS neurons express this receptor, and the levels are much lower than in CCKL neurons (Katona et al., 2001; McDonald &Mascagni, 2001).”
BackgroundLaricchiuta, D., Balsamo, F., Fabrizio, C., Panuccio, A., Termine, A., & Petrosini, L. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21031072 · Cited by 6
“The different portions of MSN dendrites receive synaptic connections from distinct brain areas: in particular, inputs Int.”
BackgroundInfluentialSantos, V. R., Hammack, R. J., Wicker, E., N’Gouemo, P., & Forcelli, P. A. (2020) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2020.595315 · Cited by 7
“Somewhat paradoxically, in the context of seizure suppression, the CB1 receptor co-localizes with GABA neurons in many brain regions it has been suggested that the primary cell type that expresses CB1 receptor is inhibitory (Katona et al., 1999, 2001).”
BackgroundMcDonald, A. J. (2020) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135503 · Cited by 7
“In rodents axon terminals of CCK+/CB1R+ basket cells form symmetrical (inhibitory) synapses with PN somata that exhibit the molecular machinery required for endocannabinoid signaling [8-10].”
BackgroundInfluentialIrving, A. J., McDonald, N. A., & Harkany, T. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-74349-3_5 · Cited by 7
“Subsequent comparative neuroanatomical studies employing this “anti-homodimer” antibody and other N- and C-terminal antibodies recognizing both receptor monomers and dimers revealed indistinguishable labeling patterns between the monomeric and multimeric forms of the receptor ( Katona et al., 2001 ).”
BackgroundBasavarajappa, B. S., Yalamanchili, R., Cooper, T. B., & Hungund, B. L. (2008) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-30382-6_14 · Cited by 7
Cell–cell communication by Endocannabinoids during Immune Surveillance of the Central Nervous System
Ullrich, O., Schneider‐Stock, R., & Zipp, F. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/400_015 · Cited by 7
CB1 receptor signaling: Linking neuroplasticity, neuronal types, and mental health outcomes
Gao, Q., & Asim, M. (2025) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2025.105938 · Cited by 6
Preclinical behavioral and pharmacological treatments for enhancing fear extinction in adolescence
Wall, E. K., Virakorn, E. A., Baker, K., Cohen, E. M., & Richardson, R. (2025) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106090 · Cited by 6
“There is a high density of cannabinoid receptors subtype 1 (CB1Rs) in the BLA and the mPFC which means these receptors are well-placed to modulate fear learning and extinction (Hu and Mackie, 2015; Katona et al., 2001; W ę dzony and Chocyk, 2009).”
Overview of the Endocannabinoid System and Endocannabinoidome
Davis, M. P. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-89918-9_1 · Cited by 6
Growth hormone secretagogue receptor and cannabinoid receptor type 1 intersection in the mouse brain
Saenz, C., Fernández, G., Llovera, R. E., Tolosa, M. J., Cantel, S., Fehrentz, J., Mackie, K., Leggio, L., Zigman, J. M., Francesco, P. N. D., et al. (2024) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-024-02876-3 · Cited by 7
Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) and the Endocannabinoids: Understanding the Risks and Opportunities
JAMES, S. P., & Bondugji, D. (2021) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.99242 · Cited by 6
“One study reported different findings that THC and a synthetic cannabinoid failed to have effects on GABA synthesis and uptake in the globus pallidus in substantia nigrae of the rodent brain [45, 46].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Katona, I., Rancz, E. A., Acsády, L., Ledent, C., Mackie, K., Hájos, N., & Freund, T. F.
- Affiliations
- HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine (HU)
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (BE)
- University of Washington (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2001-12-01
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 23
- Pages
- 9506-9518
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6763903
- OpenAlex
- W2153392906
- Cited by
- 668
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 13.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Dépôt institutionnel de l'Université libre de Bruxelles (Université Libre de Bruxelles) (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (T032251)
- National Institutes of Health (5k01da000285-04)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA 00285, DA11322, R01DA011322)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK 41301, P30DK041301)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS30549)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- CB1 receptor, amygdala, GABAergic neurotransmission, cholecystokinin interneurons, presynaptic modulation, endocannabinoids, lateral amygdala, basal amygdala, cannabinoid receptor agonists, CB1 knockout mice, emotional behavior
- MeSH terms
- Amygdala, Analgesics, Animals, Cannabinoids, Cholecystokinin, Cyclohexanols, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Interneurons, Male, Membrane Potentials, Morpholines, Naphthalenes, Nerve Net, Neural Inhibition, Synaptic Transmission, Organ Specificity, Receptors, Drug, Receptors, GABA-A, Rats, Wistar, Presynaptic Terminals, Mice, Knockout, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Receptors, Cannabinoid, Benzoxazines, Mice, Rats, Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators
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