The DOI matches its Crossref record; 63 of the 63 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Bone Marrow-Derived Cells that Populate the Adult Mouse Brain Preserve Their Hematopoietic Identity
Open accessAbstract
Cytogenesis in the adult brain can result from the recruitment of circulating precursors, but the proposal that some such cells transdifferentiate into neural elements is controversial. We have reinvestigated this issue by following the phenotypic fate of bone marrow cells expressing the green fluorescent protein transplanted into the systemic circulation of irradiated mice. Thousands of donor-derived cells were detected throughout brains of recipients killed 1-12 months after transplantation, but none displayed neuronal, macroglial, or endothelial characteristics, even after injury. Among those that crossed the endothelium of the cerebral cortex, >99.7% were identified as perivascular macrophages. Newly formed parenchymal microglia were found in significant numbers only in the cerebellum and at injury sites. Therefore, bone marrow does supply the mature brain with new specialized cells; however, mesenchymal precursors neither adopt neural phenotypes nor contribute to cerebral vascular remodeling. This continuous traffic of macrophages across the blood-brain barrier provides a vehicle to introduce therapeutic genes into the nervous system.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Residing in the intracerebral perivascular space, delimited by the glia limitans and the vascular basement membrane (Virchow-Robin space), PVMs are closely apposed to the outer vessel wall and originate from hematopoietic precursors (18,20,21).”
From Perivascular macrophages mediate the neurovascular and cognitive dysfunction associated with hypertension (2016) · cites this paper as [21]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Gage, F. H. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.287.5457.1433 · Cited by 4,786
Estimation of nuclear population from microtome sections
Abercrombie, M. (1946) · The Anatomical Record · doi:10.1002/ar.1090940210 · Cited by 4,363
Kocher, A. A., Schuster, M., Szabolcs, M., Takuma, S., Burkhoff, D., Wang, J., Homma, S., Edwards, N. M., & Itescu, S. (2001) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/86498 · Cited by 2,524
Takahashi, T., Kalka, C., Masuda, H., Chen, D., Silver, M., Kearney, M., Magner, M., Isner, J. M., & Asahara, T. (1999) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/7434 · Cited by 2,421
Bone marrow cells adopt the phenotype of other cells by spontaneous cell fusion
Terada, N., Hamazaki, T., Oka, M., Hoki, M., Mastalerz, D. M., Nakano, Y., Meyer, E. M., Morel, L. M., Petersen, B. E., & Scott, E. W. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature730 · Cited by 2,000
Transplantation of ex vivo expanded endothelial progenitor cells for therapeutic neovascularization
Kalka, C., Masuda, H., Takahashi, T., Kalka-Moll, W. M., Silver, M., Kearney, M., Li, T., Isner, J. M., & Asahara, T. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.97.7.3422 · Cited by 1,961
Weissman, I. L. (2000) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81692-x · Cited by 1,827
Turning Blood into Brain: Cells Bearing Neuronal Antigens Generated in Vivo from Bone Marrow
Mezey, É., Chandross, K. J., Harta, G., Maki, R. A., & McKercher, S. R. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.290.5497.1779 · Cited by 1,814
From Marrow to Brain: Expression of Neuronal Phenotypes in Adult Mice
Brazelton, T. R., Rossi, F. M. V., Keshet, G. I., & Blau, H. M. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.290.5497.1775 · Cited by 1,666
Kopen, G. C., Prockop, D. J., & Phinney, D. G. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.19.10711 · Cited by 1,643
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–245 of 245
Aberrant bone marrow-derived microglia in the hypothalamus may dysregulate appetite in diabetes
Katagi, M., Nakae, Y., Okano, J., Fujino, K., Tanaka, T., Miyazawa, I., Ohashi, N., Nakagawa, T., & Kojima, H. (2023) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.09.083 · Cited by 2
Principles of neuroanatomical architecture supporting brain–immune cell–cell interactions
Shimada, A. (2019) · Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1111/cen3.12559 · Cited by 2
Davalos, D., Akassoglou, K., & Cardona, A. E. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814405-3.00041-2 · Cited by 3
Tran‐Dinh, A., & Kubis, N. (2005) · Morphologie · doi:10.1016/s1286-0115(05)83253-9 · Cited by 2
Zhou, Y., Abraham, D. M., Hosuru, R. V., Hayal, T. B., Gin, A. L., Fan, X., Lee, B.-C., Shin, T., Potter, E. L., Hong, S. G., et al. (2026) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117561 · Cited by 1
Herkenham, M. A. (2005) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420023404.ch18 · Cited by 1
Microglial Ontogeny and Functions in Shaping Brain Circuits
Hoeffel, G., Squarzoni, P., Garel, S., & Ginhoux, F. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-1311-4_9 · Cited by 1
The Contribution of Bone Marrow-Derived Cells to Cerebrovascular Formation and Integrity
Kobiler, D., & Glod, J. W. (2008) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-021-8_17 · Cited by 1
de Moraes, L. B. D. C. E. A. (2010) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/d.87.2010.tde-29092010-154904 · Cited by 1
Bechmann, I., Rappert, A., Priller, J., & Nitsch, R. (2006) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9783527611225.ch7 · Cited by 1
Owens, T., Wheeler, R. D., & Zehntner, S. P. (2005) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420039849.ch7 · Cited by 1
Transplanted Haematopoietic Cells Populate The Murine CNS In The Absence Of Irradiation
Manning, J. (2013) · Summit (Simon Fraser University)
Neural stem cell biology and neurogenesis in mouse models of aging and Alzheimer's disease
Ermini, F. (2006) · edoc (University of Basel) · doi:10.5451/unibas-003819315
Monocytes as Gene Therapy Vectors for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
Lebson, L. A. (2008) · Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida)
Migration von Monozyten nach Injektion in das lädierte Zentrale Nervensystem
Kaminski, M. (2012) · Universitätsbibliothek der FU Berlin Hochschulschriftenstelle u. Dokumentenserver · doi:10.17169/refubium-12485
Cellules souches : quelle place dans le traitement des accidents vasculaires cérébraux ?
Nih, L. R., & Kubis, N. (2012) · Pratique Neurologique - FMC · doi:10.1016/j.praneu.2012.01.007
Schabort, E. J. (2007) · SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University)
EFFECTS OF AGING ON MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION IN RESPONSE TO NEURONAL INJURY
Conde, J. R. (2005)
Quantitative Evaluation of Microglial Activation and Vascularization in Suicide
Schnieder, T. P. (2014) · CUNY Academic Works (City University of New York)
Bone Marrow-Derived Cell Accumulation in the Brain in a Murine Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Barr, C. (2013) · Summit (Simon Fraser University)
Bone Marrow–Derived Cells as Treatment Vehicles in the Central Nervous System
Lewis, C. B., Rossi, F. M. V., & Krieger, C. (2011) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-61779-471-1_9
Adult Stem Cell Treatment for Central Nervous System Injury
Mead, B., Logan, A., Berry, M., Leadbeater, W. E., & Scheven, B. A. A. (2014) · Current Tissue Engineering · doi:10.2174/2211542003666141013223828
Cell based therapies in neurological diseases
Dulămea, A. O. (2014) · Journal of Translational Medicine and Research · doi:10.21614/jtmr-19-4-9
Neurobiology of Postischemic Recuperation in the Aged Mammalian Brain
Popa‐Wagner, A., Balseanu, A., Zăgrean, L., Shah, I. M., Napoli, M. D., Ahlenius, H., & Kokaia, Z. (2009) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195326697.003.0017
Retrovirus-mediated gene therapy for Farber disease.
Ramsubir, S. (2008) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
Non-viral gene delivery and bone marrow cells in inner ear repair
Tan, B. T. G. (2008) · doi:10.32657/10356/14957
Microglia: Features of Polarization and Aging
Harry, G. J., & McPherson, C. A. (2016) · Oxidative stress in applied basic research and clinical practice · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-33486-8_3
Studies on the Development and Consequences of Neuroinflammation in Obesity
Buckman, L. B. (2014)
CD44 Expression in Microglia of the Retina and Cerebellum of Developing and Adult Chicken
Kim, J. Y., Sohn, H. J., Seo, J. H., & Lee, E. Y. (2017) · Korean Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.11637/kjpa.2017.30.1.29
Donnou, S., & Couez, D. (2007) · OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique)
Cell Reprogramming: Mirage or Reality?
Anjamrooz, S. H. (2017) · Journal of Stem Cell Research & Therapy · doi:10.4172/2157-7633.1000408
Signalisation par les récepteurs toll-like dans un contexte d'excitotoxicité
Larochelle, A. (2014) · Corpus Université Laval (Université Laval)
Barrette, B. (2008) · Corpus Université Laval (Université Laval)
Role of the NLR gene family members in neuroinflammation and demyelination in the CNS
Jha, S. (2019) · Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) · doi:10.17615/e2yp-8441
Lewis, C. B. (2011) · Summit (Simon Fraser University)
Carrier, M., Robert, M.-È., St‐Pierre, M., Ibáñez, F. G., de Andrade, E. G., Savage, J. C., Desjardins, M., & Tremblay, M. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4608531
Turncoat antibodies unmasked in a model of autoimmune demyelination: From biology to therapy
Taghipour-Mirakmahaleh, R., Morin, F., Zhang, Y., Bourhoven, L., Béland, L., Zhou, Q., Jaworski, J. A., Park, A., Dominguez, J. M., Corbeil, J., et al. (2025) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2424988122
Self-citationUekawa, K., Hattori, Y., Ahn, S. J., Seo, J., Casey, N., Anfray, A., Zhou, P., Luo, W., Anrather, J., Park, L., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24240134
In vitro and in vivo study of the effects of Levetiracetam on activated microglia during sepsis
Fleurance, R. (2021) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/0a82ed6ez6595z4366z832fz70cbe839c7ff
Physiopathologie et modulation de l’activation microgliale secondaire au sepsis
Verdonk, F. (2016) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/8d3a9e0ez15f7z446bzb0e4z56e24e61058a
Metadata
- Authors
- Vallières, L., & Sawchenko, P. E.
- Affiliations
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2003-06-15
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 5197-5207
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6741180
- OpenAlex
- W1894599871
- Cited by
- 245
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 5.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale
- National Institutes of Health (NS21182)
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS21182, R37NS021182, R01NS021182)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Keywords
- bone marrow-derived cells, transdifferentiation, adult neurogenesis, perivascular macrophages, microglia, blood-brain barrier, mesenchymal precursors, brain injury, gene therapy delivery, green fluorescent protein tagging, irradiated mice
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Blood-Brain Barrier, Bone Marrow Cells, Brain, Brain Injuries, Cell Count, Cell Differentiation, Cell Division, Cerebral Decortication, Hematopoietic System, Luminescent Proteins, Macrophages, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Transgenic, Phenotype, Time, Bone Marrow Transplantation, Microglia, Genes, Reporter, Cell Lineage, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review