The DOI matches its Crossref record; 69 of the 69 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease Pathology by Cannabinoids: Neuroprotection Mediated by Blockade of Microglial Activation
Open accessAbstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by enhanced β-amyloid peptide (βA) deposition along with glial activation in senile plaques, selective neuronal loss, and cognitive deficits. Cannabinoids are neuroprotective agents against excitotoxicity in vitro and acute brain damage in vivo. This background prompted us to study the localization, expression, and function of cannabinoid receptors in AD and the possible protective role of cannabinoids after βA treatment, both in vivo and in vitro. Here, we show that senile plaques in AD patients express cannabinoid receptors CB 1 and CB 2, together with markers of microglial activation, and that CB 1-positive neurons, present in high numbers in control cases, are greatly reduced in areas of microglial activation. In pharmacological experiments, we found that G-protein coupling and CB 1 receptor protein expression are markedly decreased in AD brains. Additionally, in AD brains, protein nitration is increased, and, more specifically, CB 1 and CB 2 proteins show enhanced nitration. Intracerebroventricular administration of the synthetic cannabinoid WIN55,212-2 to rats prevent βA-induced microglial activation, cognitive impairment, and loss of neuronal markers. Cannabinoids (HU-210, WIN55,212-2, and JWH-133) block βA-induced activation of cultured microglial cells, as judged by mitochondrial activity, cell morphology, and tumor necrosis factor-α release; these effects are independent of the antioxidant action of cannabinoid compounds and are also exerted by a CB 2-selective agonist. Moreover, cannabinoids abrogate microglia-mediated neurotoxicity after βA addition to rat cortical cocultures. Our results indicate that cannabinoid receptors are important in the pathology of AD and that cannabinoids succeed in preventing the neurodegenerative process occurring in the disease.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
International Union of Pharmacology: Approaches to the Nomenclature of Voltage-Gated Ion Channels
Catterall, W. A., Chandy, K. G., Clapham, D. E., Gutman, G. A., Hofmann, F., Harmar, A. J., Abernethy, D. R., & Spedding, M. (2003) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.55.4.5 · Cited by 7,126
Inflammation and Alzheimer’s disease
Akiyama, H. (2000) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(00)00124-x · Cited by 4,514
Preparation of separate astroglial and oligodendroglial cell cultures from rat cerebral tissue.
McCarthy, K. D., & de Vellis, J. (1980) · The Journal of cell biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.85.3.890 · Cited by 3,845
International Union of Pharmacology. XXVII. Classification of Cannabinoid Receptors
Howlett, A. C., Barth, F., Bonner, T. I., Cabral, G., Casellas, P., Devane, W. A., Felder, C. C., Herkenham, M., Mackie, K., Martin, B. R., et al. (2002) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.54.2.161 · Cited by 2,819
Cannabinoid receptor localization in brain.
Herkenham, M., Lynn, A. B., Little, M. D., Johnson, M. R., Melvin, L. S., de Costa, B. R., & Rice, K. C. (1990) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.87.5.1932 · Cited by 2,321
Bard, F., Cannon, C., Barbour, R., Burke, R.-L., Games, D., Grajeda, H., Guido, T., Hu, K., Huang, J., Johnson-Wood, K., et al. (2000) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/78682 · Cited by 2,012
The molecular logic of endocannabinoid signalling
Piomelli, D. (2003) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1247 · Cited by 1,957
SR141716A, a potent and selective antagonist of the brain cannabinoid receptor
Rinaldi-Carmona, M., Barth, F., Héaulme, M., Shire, D., Calandra, B., Congy, C., Martinez, S., Maruani, J., Néliat, G., Caput, D., et al. (1994) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/0014-5793(94)00773-x · Cited by 1,757
Activation of microglial cells by β-amyloid protein and interferon-γ
Meda, L., Cassatella, M. A., Szendrei, G. I., Otvos, L., Baron, P., Villalba, M., Ferrari, D., & Rossi, F. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/374647a0 · Cited by 1,314
Widespread Peroxynitrite-Mediated Damage in Alzheimer’s Disease
Smith, M. A., Richey Harris, P. L., Sayre, L. M., Beckman, J. S., & Perry, G. (1997) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.17-08-02653.1997 · Cited by 1,239
Cited by
Microglia-mediated neurotoxicity: uncovering the molecular mechanisms
Block, M. L., Zecca, L., & Hong, J.-S. (2007) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2038 · Cited by 4,110
Microglia: Active sensor and versatile effector cells in the normal and pathologic brain
Hanisch, U.-K., & Kettenmann, H. (2007) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1997 · Cited by 3,676
Kettenmann, H., Hanisch, U.-K., Noda, M., & Verkhratsky, A. (2011) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00011.2010 · Cited by 3,547
The Endocannabinoid System as an Emerging Target of Pharmacotherapy
Pacher, P., Bátkai, S., & Kunos, G. (2006) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.58.3.2 · Cited by 2,077
Amyloid Beta: Structure, Biology and Structure-Based Therapeutic Development
Chen, G.-F., Xu, T.-H., Yan, Y., Zhou, Y.-R., Jiang, Y., Melcher, K., & Xu, H. E. (2017) · Acta Pharmacologica Sinica · doi:10.1038/aps.2017.28 · Cited by 1,965
Metadata
- Authors
- Ramírez, B. G., Blázquez, C., del Pulgar, T. G., Guzmán, M., & de Ceballos, M. L.
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2005-02-23
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1904-1913
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- OpenAlex
- W2028794471
- Cited by
- 785
- References
- 69
- FWCI
- 24.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease Pathology by Cannabinoids: Neuroprotection Mediated by Blockade of Microglial Activation. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1523/jneurosci.4540-04.2005
- The paper
- Ramírez, B. G., Blázquez, C., del Pulgar, T. G., Guzmán, M., & de Ceballos, M. L. (2005). Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease Pathology by Cannabinoids: Neuroprotection Mediated by Blockade of Microglial Activation. The Journal of Neuroscience. https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.4540-04.2005
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
