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Memory Retrieval and the Passage of Time: From Reconsolidation and Strengthening to Extinction
Open accessAbstract
An established memory can be made transiently labile if retrieved or reactivated. Over time, it becomes again resistant to disruption and this process that renders the memory stable is termed reconsolidation. The reasons why a memory becomes labile after retrieval and reconsolidates still remains debated. Here, using inhibitory avoidance learning in rats, we provide evidence that retrievals of a young memory, which are accompanied by its reconsolidation, result in memory strengthening and contribute to its overall consolidation. This function associated to reconsolidation is temporally limited. With the passage of time, the stored memory undergoes important changes, as revealed by the behavioral outcomes of its retrieval. Over time, without explicit retrievals, memory first strengthens and becomes refractory to both retrieval-dependent interference and strengthening. At later times, the same retrievals that lead to reconsolidation of a young memory extinguish an older memory. We conclude that the storage of information is very dynamic and that its temporal evolution regulates behavioral outcomes. These results are important for potential clinical applications.
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“Similarly, older and stronger memories may require additional retrieval procedures for updating to take place (e.g. [135,136]), as do individual differences such as exposure to chronic stress and high trait anxiety [130,137].”
From Multiple memory systems, multiple time points: How science can inform treatment to control the expression of unwanted emotional memories (2018) · cites this paper as [135]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Inda, M. C., Muravieva, E. V., & Alberini, C. M.
- Affiliations
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- Corresponding author
- Alberini, Cristina M.
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2011-02-02
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1635-1643
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC3069643
- OpenAlex
- W2013517273
- Cited by
- 261
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 14.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH074736)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Keywords
- memory reconsolidation, memory retrieval, memory enhancement, memory extinction, passive avoidance, memory consolidation, temporal dynamics of memory
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Avoidance Learning, Cycloheximide, Extinction, Psychological, Inhibition, Psychological, Injections, Intraperitoneal, Male, Memory, Neuropsychological Tests, Protein Synthesis Inhibitors, Mental Recall, Retention, Psychology, Time Factors, Protein Biosynthesis, Rats, Long-Evans, Rats
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