The DOI matches its Crossref record; 53 of the 54 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
alx , a Zebrafish Homolog of Chx10 , Marks Ipsilateral Descending Excitatory Interneurons That Participate in the Regulation of Spinal Locomotor Circuits
Open accessAbstract
Recent molecular genetic studies suggest that the expression of transcription factors in the developing spinal cord helps determine the morphological and physiological properties of neurons. Using the zebrafish preparation, we have examined the properties of neurons marked by alx , a zebrafish homolog of mammalian Chx10 . We performed morphological and physiological studies using transgenic zebrafish expressing fluorescent reporter constructs in cells that had at any time point expressed alx ( alx neurons). Our data reveal that zebrafish alx neurons are all ipsilateral descending neurons that are positive for vesicular glutamate transporter 2, suggesting that they are glutamatergic excitatory interneurons. Patch recordings show that earlier-born neurons are active during stronger movements such as escapes and fast swimming (strong movement class), whereas later-born ones are involved in sustained weak swimming (weak movement class). Paired recordings between alx neurons and motoneurons show that neurons of the strong movement class make frequent monosynaptic excitatory connections onto motoneurons. Thus, neurons of this class are likely premotor interneurons that regulate motoneuron activity during escapes and fast swimming. We also show the existence of a monosynaptic connection between an alx neuron of the weak movement class and a motoneuron. Collectively, our data demonstrate that alx marks ipsilateral descending neurons that are involved in the regulation of motoneuron activity during forms of locomotion, such as escape and swimming.
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“In R7/R8, the former were found to have somata primarily within a medial glutamatergic parasagittal stripe associated with the Alx transcription factor and the latter with a more lateral GABAergic parasagittal stripe associated with the Abx1b transcription factor21,95,96.”
From Predicting modular functions and neural coding of behavior from a synaptic wiring diagram (2024) · cites this paper as [95]
Citations
Cites
A monomeric red fluorescent protein
Campbell, R. E., Tour, O., Palmer, A. E., Steinbach, P. A., Baird, G. S., Zacharias, D. A., & Tsien, R. Y. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.082243699 · Cited by 2,346 · cited 4×
“For stochastic expression of monomeric red fluorescent protein (mRFP) (Campbell et al., 2002), a DNA construct in which mRFP (a gift from R. Tsien, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA) was placed under a goldfish neural tubulin promoter (Hieber et al., 1998) was created and used.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialThe action of calcium on the electrical properties of squid axons
FRANKENHAEUSER, B., & Hodgkin, A. L. (1957) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1957.sp005808 · Cited by 1,839 · cited 1×
“A high-divalent cation concentration raises spike threshold (Frankenhaeuser and Hodgkin, 1957) and thereby reduces conduction in polysynaptic pathways.”
BackgroundDeletion of a DNA Polymerase β Gene Segment in T Cells Using Cell Type-Specific Gene Targeting
Gu, H., Marth, J. D., Orban, P. C., Mossmann, H., & Rajewsky, K. (1994) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8016642 · Cited by 1,397 · cited 1×
“To obtain isolated labeling in transgenic fish for morphological analysis, we used the Cre/loxP recombination system (Gu et al., 1994).”
MethodLee, E.-C., Yu, D., de Velasco, J. M., Tessarollo, L., Swing, D. A., Court, D. L., Jenkins, N. A., & Copeland, N. G. (2001) · Genomics · doi:10.1006/geno.2000.6451 · Cited by 1,180 · cited 2×
“To generate alx reporter constructs, we followed the method by Lee et al. (2001), which uses BAC homologous recombination system (a gift from N. Copeland, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD).”
MethodBriscoe, J., Pierani, A., Jessell, T. M., & Ericson, J. (2000) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80853-3 · Cited by 1,111
Pax6 Controls Progenitor Cell Identity and Neuronal Fate in Response to Graded Shh Signaling
Ericson, J., Rashbass, P., Schedl, A., Brenner‐Morton, S., Kawakami, A., van Heyningen, V., Jessell, T. M., & Briscoe, J. (1997) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80323-2 · Cited by 1,044 · cited 3×
“En1 and Isl1 were used as markers for V1 neurons and motoneurons, respectively (Ericson et al., 1997; Briscoe et al., 2000 In addition to the dorsal cell marked by the arrow, most of the other GFP-positive cells (arrowheads) are also slightly shifted dorsally from the dorsal edge of the main Nkx6.”
BackgroundMethodAn optical marker based on the UV-induced green-to-red photoconversion of a fluorescent protein
Ando, R., Hama, H., Yamamoto‐Hino, M., Mizuno, H., & Miyawaki, A. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.202320599 · Cited by 1,028 · cited 4×
“For the Kaede construct (Ando et al., 2002), the EGFP sequence in the template plasmid DNA was replaced by Kaede (a gift from A. Miyawaki, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan).”
BackgroundInfluentialInterneuronal relay in spinal pathways from proprioceptors
Jankowska, E. (1992) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/0301-0082(92)90024-9 · Cited by 931 · cited 1×
“Studies in the cat have led to the classification of several spinal interneurons with roles in sensory/motor pathways (Jankowska, 1992).”
BackgroundThe motor infrastructure: from ion channels to neuronal networks
Grillner, S. E. (2003) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1137 · Cited by 839 · cited 1×
“Spinal motor circuits are best characterized in anamniotes such as lampreys and frog tadpoles, in which functional subtypes of interneurons are well identified (Roberts et al., 1998; Grillner, 2003).”
BackgroundI-SceI meganuclease mediates highly efficient transgenesis in fish
Thermes, V., Grabher, C., Ristoratore, F., Bourrat, F., Choulika, A., Wittbrodt, J., & Joly, J. (2002) · Mechanisms of Development · doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(02)00218-6 · Cited by 522 · cited 6×
“To increase efficiency of transgenesis, we inserted an I-SceI meganuclease recognition site (Thermes et al., 2002) into the BAC DNA by homologous recombination.”
MethodInfluential
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Decoding the organization of spinal circuits that control locomotion
Kiehn, O. (2016) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn.2016.9 · Cited by 742
Circuits controlling vertebrate locomotion: moving in a new direction
Goulding, M. (2009) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2608 · Cited by 777
Current principles of motor control, with special reference to vertebrate locomotion
Grillner, S., & El Manira, A. (2020) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00015.2019 · Cited by 560
Highly efficient CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in in zebrafish by homology-independent DNA repair
Auer, T. O., Duroure, K., De Cian, A., Concordet, J.-P., & Del Bene, F. (2014) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.161638.113 · Cited by 631
“2008), Tg(vsx2:eGFP) (Kimura et al. 2006), Tg(pou4f3:mGFP) (Xiao et al.”
ResultInfluentialAsakawa, K., Suster, M. L., Mizusawa, K., Nagayoshi, S., Kotani, T., Urasaki, A., Kishimoto, Y., Hibi, M., & Kawakami, K. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0704963105 · Cited by 554
“The activities of these neurons during swimming have been studied by electrophysiological analysis of transgenic fish expressing GFP under the control of the En-1 and the alx promoter (26, 27).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Kimura, Y., Okamura, Y., & Higashijima, S.-I.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Natural Sciences (JP)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2006-05-24
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 5684-5697
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6675258
- OpenAlex
- W2030150624
- Cited by
- 302
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 6.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Zebrafish Biomedical Research Applications
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Keywords
- spinal interneurons, vesicular glutamate transporter 2, spinal locomotor circuits, premotor interneurons, swimming behavior, escape behavior, zebrafish
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Efferent Pathways, Eye Proteins, Feedback, Interneurons, Locomotion, Nerve Net, Spinal Cord, Tissue Distribution, Zebrafish, Homeodomain Proteins, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Zebrafish Proteins
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