Exploring the Future of Buddhism Through a Historical Perspective

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

Master Yinshun argued that Indian senior monks and Buddhist intellectuals were drawn to meditative states rather than constructing a mundane knowledge system, and that ordinary people turned to tantra, spells, and incantations and were gradually assimilated into Brahmanism.

“Master Yinshun (1906-2005) shared this general view, and argued that senior monks and Buddhist intellectuals in India were primarily drawn toward exploring meditative states instead of constructing a system of knowledge for the mundane world.”

• Also stated in: § Abstract · plain

  “Meditation was inaccessible to ordinary people, who then turned to tantra, spells, and incantations, which he argued led them to being gradually assimilated into Brahmanism.4”

• cites YinshunNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

Weber held that Indian Buddhism's failure to create an organized secular lay community and a rigorous secular ethic were key causes of its decline.

“According to Weber, Buddhism in India failed to build an organised secular community of lay followers; it emphasised the practice of monasticism and the management”

• Also stated in: § Abstract · plain

  “the second being the lack of a rigorous ethic of secular life.3”

• cites WeberNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

The Buddha advocated rationalism and proposed rational morality as the basis for life and enlightenment.

“It was during this period that the Buddha, who witnessed the chaos in India, advocated rationalism, proposing that rational morality was the basis for life and enlightenment.”

• cites WarderNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The Buddha transformed Brahmanism's mysticism into rational moral practice through the Eightfold Path and the Four Immeasurable Minds.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

The Law of Manu remained embedded in Indian culture through Buddhism's flourishing, Muslim rule, and the Mongolian empire.

“This code of ethics remained embedded in Indian culture throughout the period of Buddhism's flourishing, Muslim rule, and the Mongolian empire.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

Over the last two thousand years, the Buddha's thoughts on politics, law, art, and business have often been overlooked.

“Over the last two thousand years of Buddhist history, the Buddha's thoughts on politics, law, art, and business have often been overlooked.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

By the ninth century BCE, the Brāhmaṇa world-oriented knowledge system was already complete.

“By the ninth century BCE, the Brāhmaṇa world-oriented knowledge system was already complete.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The Brāhmaṇa dominated secular professional knowledge, and Brahmin law permeated society.

“Brāhmaṇa not only dominated the secular knowledge of various professions, but Brahmin law also permeated society.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

The bodhisattva imperative to improve the world gained influence in Mahayana Buddhism, but Mahayana still focused on giving Dharma to relieve worldly suffering and lacked an overall construction of worldly knowledge and value systems.

“The bodhisattva imperative to improve the world gained influence in Mahāyāna Buddhism, which, however, still focused on the giving of Dharma to relieve worldly suffering and lacked an overall construction of worldly knowledge and value systems.”

May combine two claims.

Historical Indian and Chinese Buddhism emphasized monastic practice and monastery management, with monks serving as incense-bearers and believers coming to temples for devotion.

“The latter emphasised monastic practice and monastery management; monks were incense-bearers and believers came to perform devotion at the temples.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Weber argued that from the Buddha's lifetime until Mahāyāna arose, Buddhism lacked a strong lay community, was not integrated into ordinary life, and had no rigorous ethical system.

“Weber's study points out that between the lifetime of the Buddha and the advent of Mahāyāna Buddhism, a rigorous community of lay followers was not established, nor was the spirit of Buddhism integrated into mundane life.There also lacked a rigorous ethical system of life.”

• cites [34]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The Law of Manu took root in the core of Indian society and became a fundamental part of people's lives and culture.

“The code of ethics took root in the core of Indian society and became a fundamental part of people's lives and culture.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

The author suggests that what the Buddha expected of lay followers was to pursue the path of liberation rather than worldly attainment.

“I suggest what the Buddha expected of lay followers is to pursue the path of liberation, rather than the pursuit of worldly attainment.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

After Aśoka, Buddhism became less involved in daily life than Brahminism, which mastered the practical aspects of life.

“After Aśoka, Buddhism became less involved in the sphere of daily life than Brahminism, which mastered the practical aspects of life.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Aṣoka's policy of promoting Buddhism could not shake the Law of Manu.

“Even Aṣoka's policy of promoting Buddhism could not shake it.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

The vast system of knowledge and values enabled by the Brāhmaṇa was constructed four centuries before the Buddha's birth.

“The vast system of knowledge and values enabled by the Brāhmaṇa was constructed four centuries before the birth of the Buddha.”

May combine two claims.

Original Buddhism did not have a rigorous organization of monks, a system of knowledge for constructing the world, or a system of ethics for lay people to follow.

“Original Buddhism did not have a rigorous organization of monks, a system of knowledge for constructing the world, nor a system of ethics for lay people to follow.”

• cites YinshunNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

During Aṣoka's time, Buddhism was the primary focus, but everyday techniques and norms were dominated by Brahminism.

“Thus, during Aṣoka's time, the primary level of focus was Buddhism, but the techniques and norms of everyday life were dominated by Brahminism.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

All schools of Buddhism offer a path to liberation, and Buddhism's purpose is to provide the world with such a path.

“However, all schools of Buddhism offer a path to liberation.Regardless of the sect, Buddhism's purpose is to provide the world with a path to liberation.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Buddhism lacks strong internal control, unlike Catholicism, which formed strong internal control after the third century CE when the Roman Empire declared Christianity legal and Justinian the Great declared it the state religion.

“Buddhism does not have strong internal control, unlike Catholicism.The latter formed strong internal control only after the third century CE, when the Roman Empire declared Christianity legal and Justinian the Great (483-565) declared it the state religion.”

May combine two claims.

The Buddha's saṃgha was democratic, autonomous, and egalitarian; disciples' subjective interpretations produced twenty sects; and the Buddhist saṃgha was never centralized.

“The Buddha's saṃgha was a democratic, autonomous, and egalitarian organisation.The disciples' subjective interpretations of the Dharma produced twenty sects of Buddhism.The Buddhist saṃgha was never a centralised organisation.”

• cites HirakawaNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

The Buddha's teachings to the Lonely Elder centered on giving, holding precepts, and the heavenly realm; blessing was central, and by benefiting the community and providing for monks, lay followers may ascend to heaven.

“The Buddha's teachings to the Lonely Elder revolve around the concepts and practices of giving, holding precepts, and the heavenly realm.The concept of blessing in particular seems to be central in the Buddha's teachings to lay followers; by benefiting the community and providing for the monks, lay followers may ascend to heaven.”

• cites SaṃyuktāgamaNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

At the Buddha's time, India was undergoing rapid political transformation, including the disintegration of the Paurava Kingdom into sixteen kingdoms.

“This was a time of rapid political and economic transformation marked by disintegration in India's Paurava Kingdom.”

• cites WarderNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Returning to the Buddha's original moral practice means engaging in daily practice rather than pursuing esoteric experiences.

“A return to moral practice, as originally advocated by the Buddha, means pursuing a daily practice instead of searching for esoteric experiences.”

May combine two claims.

The Buddha did not want disciples to believe in him but in the Dharma, which he regarded as objective truth.

“The Buddha did not want his disciples to believe in him but in his Dharma.The Dharma is the objective truth, and he wanted his disciples to believe in the objective truth that he had realised.”

• cites SaṃyuktāgamaNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The Buddha said in the Sūtra of Immeasurable Meanings that once suffering is removed, the Dharma will be taught.

“The Buddha said in the Sūtra of Immeasurable Meanings (Skt.Ananta Nirdeśa Sūtra, Ch.Wuliang yi jing 無量義經) that as suffering is removed, the Dharma will be taught (ku ji bayi, fu wei shuofa 苦既拔已， 復為說法).32”

• cites Wuliang yi jingNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

The state system followed Dharma guidance, but Aśoka failed to establish a secular system of Buddhist followers.

“The state system followed the guidance of the Dharma, but Aśoka failed to establish a secular system of Buddhist followers.”

May combine two claims.

At the Buddha's time there were two types of practitioners, the Brāhmaṇa and the Śramaṇa, and the Buddha belonged to the Śramaṇa branch.

“At that time in India, there were two types of practitioners, the Brāhmaṇa and the Śramaṇa.”

• Also stated in: § Abstract · plain

  “The Buddha belonged to a branch of this new religious ascetic practice.”

• cites HirakawaNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

Buddhism offered a path to worldly liberation, but because it lacked a comprehensive knowledge system about worldly realities, the Brāhmaṇa retained a firm grip on social life.

“Buddhism provided a path to worldly liberation, but its lack of a comprehensive system of knowledge about the realities of the world left the Brāhmaṇa with a firm grip on the realm of social life.”

May combine two claims.

The Buddha's teachings covered economics, governance, psychology, and ethics but were not expounded as fully as by his disciples.

“The Buddha's teachings covered economics, governance, psychology, and ethics but did not expound his thoughts as fully as did his disciples.”

• cites Shan jingjiNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

Although Buddhism influenced the royal court, social rituals and ceremonies remained under Brāhmaṇa control.

“Although Buddhism influenced the royal court, social rituals and ceremonies were still in the hands of the Brāhmaṇa.”

May combine two claims.

There are insufficient records of the early Buddhist organization and no strict rituals for lay followers.

“However, there are insufficient records of the organisation and no strict rituals for lay followers.27”

• cites WarderNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

In the sixth century BCE, hereditary Brahmin power declined, Vedic doctrine became dogmatized and drifted toward mysticism, and Brahmins could not offer a solution amid political and economic turmoil.

“Nevertheless, in the sixth century BCE, the hereditary Brahmin power declined.The Vedic doctrine became dogmatised, and its practice drifted toward mysticism.In a period of political and economic turmoil, the Brāhmaṇa were not able to offer a solution.8”

• cites WarderNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

The Law of Manu, a code of ethics established by the Brāhmaṇa in the eleventh century BCE, has more than 2,800 articles governing social lifestyle and ethics.

“The code of ethics established by the Brāhmaṇa in the eleventh century BCE, commonly known as the Law of Manu (Manusmṛiti), has more than two thousand and eight hundred articles governing social lifestyle and ethics.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

The five traditional fields of Buddhist knowledge were inspired by the Indian Brāhmaṇa.

“Indeed, the five traditional fields of Buddhist knowledge were inspired by the Indian Brāhmaṇa:”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The Upaniṣads and Vedas covered metaphysical philosophy as well as yoga, spirituality, mantra, and other skills.

“The Upaniṣads and the Vedas covered not only metaphysical philosophy but also yoga, spirituality, mantra, and other skills.”

May combine two claims.

Buddhism was not translated for the secular world and did not establish a rigorous secular organization.

“Buddhism was not translated for the secular world and nor did it establish a rigorous secular organisation.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The Four Sufficiencies cover all ways to wealth and happiness for the Economy of Goodness and Enterprises of Goodness.

“These Four Sufficiencies cover all the ways to wealth and happiness for the Economy of Goodness (shan jingji 善經濟) and Enterprises of Goodness (shan qiye 善企業).”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Weber held that Indian Buddhism was not comparable to Jainism in the co-prosperity, unity, and cohesion of monastic and secular communities.

“As Weber pointed out, Indian Buddhism was not even comparable to Jainism in terms of the co-prosperity, unity, and cohesion of the monastic and secular communities.5”

• cites WeberNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

The Buddha's expectation of the Lonely Elder was freedom from the suffering of this world and attainment of wisdom and liberation.

“Thus, the Buddha's expectation of the Lonely Elder was that he would be free from the suffering of this world and attain wisdom and liberation.”

• cites SaṃyuktāgamaNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

Buddhist ideas on economics and political science were less well known in Buddhist history.

“However, in the history of Buddhism, Buddhist ideas on economics, political science, and so on were less well known.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

In the ninth century BCE, before the Buddha, Brahmin thinkers and poets reinterpreted classical Vedic texts and innovated their exposition.

“In the ninth century BCE, before the birth of the Buddha, a group of Brahmin thinkers and poets reinterpreted the classical Vedic texts and made innovations in their exposition.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

The Buddha's solution lay outside politics, economics, and the world; detachment followed by return through purity and selflessness became a model for a rational life.

“His solution was not in politics, economics, or in the world; it was outside the world.Detaching from everything in the world, and then returning to that world through the Buddha's purity and selflessness, became a model for people to follow a rational life.”

• cites WarderNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

There are two accounts in Buddhist texts about the Lonely Elder's cultivation: ascension to Tuṣita Heaven and attainment of the Non-Returner Stage.

“There are two different accounts in Buddhist texts about the cultivation of the Lonely Elder.One is his ascension to Tuṣita Heaven.The other is his attainment of the Non-Returner Stage-the third order of arhatship-according to which the Elder would be an uncontaminated arhat upon his next return to the human world, and then would transcend the cycle of birth and death.”

• cites SaṃyuktāgamaNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The Saṃyuktāgama's Four Sufficiencies are Expedient Sufficiency, Protective Sufficiency, Virtuous Friends Sufficiency, and Right Livelihood Sufficiency.

“The Saṃyuktāgama emphasised Four Sufficiencies: The Four Sufficiencies include: Expedient Sufficiency (fangbian juzu 方便具足) which is commercial professional ability; Protective Sufficiency (shouhu juzu 守護具足) which is safeguarding property; Virtuous Friends Sufficiency (shan zhishi juzu 善知識具足) which is ensuring”

• cites Za ahan jingNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The Vedas were a collection of Brahmin knowledge, not a single classic but a collection of classics compiled by monks of various sects and covering many fields.

“The Vedas were a collection of Brahmin knowledge.They are not a single classic but a collection of classics compiled by monks of various sects that includes epic poetry, science, logic, astronomy, economy, architecture, and art, forming a huge system of knowledge for the Brāhmaṇa, and involving many social aspects.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Original Buddhism emphasized teaching the Dharma instead of material giving.

“Master Yinshun said that Original Buddhism emphasised the teaching of the Dharma instead of material giving.”

• cites YinshunNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

As a result, Brahminism became a religion, a culture, and a way of life.

“As a result, Brahminism became a religion, a culture, and a way of life.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Master Yinshun advocated that all buddhas come out of the human world and have not become buddhas in heaven, a view shared by Humanistic Buddhism and found in the Ekottarikāgama.

“Throughout his life, Master Yinshun advocated that”

May combine two claims.

Although kings and wealthy merchants believed in Buddhism, Sectarian Buddhism devoted much energy to debating sūtras in monasteries rather than establishing a new order and laws for lay people.

“Although kings and wealthy merchants believed in Buddhism, Sectarian Buddhism devoted much of its energy not to establishing a new order for the world and a new set of laws for lay people, but to debating the sūtras in the monasteries.”

May combine two claims.

After Wuzong, Buddhism declined and became associated with agriculture and the lower and middle classes.

“From then on, Buddhism declined and associated with agriculture and with the lower and middle classes.”

May combine two claims.

Christianity and Islam built secular knowledge systems, while such systems did not appear or were not emphasised in Buddhism's development.

“Islam, for example, was founded in the seventh century CE, and from the ninth century onward, it absorbed a great deal of Plato's ideas.Islamic thinkers constructed worldly knowledge systems such as architecture, astronomy, science, medicine, and logic.”

• Also stated in: § Buddhism and the Secular World in China · plain

  “Such secular systems did not appear, nor were they emphasised, in the development of Buddhism.”

May combine two claims.

Brahminism shaped Southern Buddhism, and its influence persists there.

“Brahminism also influenced Southern Buddhism.”

• Also stated in: § 72 · plain

  “the influence of Brahminism is still present in Southern Buddhism.72”

• cites [72]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Tzu Chi Buddhism emphasizes altruistic actions as the root of the true meaning of life; Cheng Yen and her monastic disciples are self-reliant, do not receive donations, and devote themselves to the masses.

“Tzu Chi Buddhism emphasizes altruistic actions, which are the root of the true meaning of life.”

• Also stated in: § lu yaoyong zou de 經是道， 道是路， 路要用走的). · plain

  “She and her monastic disciples are self-reliant; they do not receive donations and devote themselves to the masses to help all sentient beings.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Sectarian Buddhist teachings are characterized by devotionalism, with monks strictly observing precepts, praying for liberation, and not pursuing real-world improvement.

“The sectarian Buddhist teachings are characterised by devotionalism, in which monks strictly observe the precepts, pray for liberation, and do not pursue real-world improvement.”

May combine two claims.

Documents from the second century CE show the royal family donated large tracts of land to the Brāhmaṇa and all Brahmin products were tax-free.

“Numerous documents from the second century CE show that the royal family donated large tracts of land to the Brāhmaṇa, and all Brahmin products were tax-free.40”

• cites [40]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Humanistic Buddhism was advocated by Master Taixu, Master Yinshun, and the Tzu Chi School of Buddhism.

“Humanistic Buddhism was advocated by Master Taixu 太虛 (1890-1947), Master Yinshun, and the Tzu Chi School of Buddhism.”

May combine two claims.

Tang emperor Wuzong purged Buddhism three times, confiscating temple property and returning many monks to lay life, greatly harming Buddhism.

“The Tang emperor Wuzong 唐武宗 (r.841-846) purged Buddhism three times, confiscating temple property and returning a large number of monks to lay life, which did great harm to Buddhism.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The Buddha took a human form and the bodhisattva took various forms to save and enlighten sentient beings, meaning giving the Dharma and providing a path to liberation.

“The Buddha took on a human form and the bodhisattva took on various forms to save and enlighten sentient beings, which meant”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Master Yinshun said the saṃgha can be assisted by lay followers to maintain its purity.

“As Master Yinshun said:”

• cites [43]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

During the Wei, Jin, and Southern and Northern Dynasties, every social class found belonging in Buddhism, which was an important historical adaptation of Buddhism in China.

“During the periods of the Wei, Jin, and Southern and Northern Dynasties, every social class-from kings and nobles to common people-found belonging in Buddhism.”

• Also stated in: § Buddhism and the Secular World in China · plain

  “This was an important historical adaptation of Buddhism in China.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Merchants believed that giving alms and offerings to monks gained them blessings, from the perspective of planting good roots to obtain good results.

“From the perspective of planting good roots to obtain good results, by giving alms and making offerings to monks, the merchants believed they gained blessings.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

In the early twentieth century, during the Japanese invasion, Master Taixu advocated 'Buddhism for Human Life' and argued that Buddhists should think about survival and saving the country.

“In the early twentieth century, when Master Taixu advocated”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

Gombrich and Yao argue that Master Cheng Yen's monasticisation of lay followers embodies the ideal that all sentient beings can become buddhas and all humans can be sages as Confucianism puts it.

“Richard Gombrich and Yu-Shuang Yao argue that the monasticisation of lay followers by Master Cheng Yen embodies the ideal that all sentient beings can become buddhas, and that all human beings can be sages, as Confucianism puts it.”

• cites Gombrich and YaoNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

Kings worshipped the Buddha and also Brahmin gods such as Brahma and Indra.

“Kings worshipped the Buddha on one hand, and gods from the pantheon of Brahminism, like Brahma and Indra, on the other.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

After the Ming Dynasty, the uneducated class entered the saṃgha and Buddhism merged with Daoism, absorbing esoteric and superstitious elements.

“After the Ming Dynasty, the uneducated class entered the saṃgha and Buddhism gradually merged with Daoism, absorbing esoteric and superstitious elements.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Buddhism was absorbed by Confucianism during the Tang and Song dynasties and relinquished governance of the secular world to Confucianism.

“Buddhism was absorbed by Confucianism during the Tang and Song dynasties and Buddhism relinquished the governance of the secular world to Confucianism.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Akira Hirakawa holds that Sectarian Buddhism is the Buddhism of disciples and learning, not of teaching people.

“Akira Hirakawa thinks that Sectarian Buddhism is the Buddhism of disciples and learning, and not the Buddhism of teaching people.35”

• cites [35]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

The author stated that Tzu Chi will be the genesis of the Buddhist renaissance.

“my talk 96 stated that”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Compared with the Brāhmaṇa emphasis on ritual and prayer, Buddhism's rational thinking and practice gave merchants courage and calm wisdom to endure dangers.

“Compared to the Brāhmaṇa emphasis on ritual and prayer, Buddhism's rational thinking and practice gave merchants the courage and calm wisdom they needed to go through dangers and hardships.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Will Durant states that no code of laws applied to all India; in ordinary affairs, law was replaced by dharma-shastras, metrical textbooks of caste regulations and duties composed by Brahmans.

“As Will Durant states:”

• cites [38]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

Traditional Buddhism lacked an organisational community of lay people, which Weber cited as evidence that Buddhism did not last in India.

“As mentioned earlier, traditional Buddhism lacked an organisational community of lay people, a point Weber specifically raised as evidence for why Buddhism did not last in India.”

• cites WeberNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Buddhism reached its heyday in the Tang Dynasty, when it was fully integrated with commerce and the empire.

“Buddhism is said to have reached its heyday in the Tang Dynasty 唐 (618-907), during which it was fully integrated with commerce and the empire.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

The core figure in Sectarian Buddhism is the pratyekabuddha, who achieves solitary liberation.

“The core figure in Sectarian Buddhism is the pratyekabuddha, who achieves solitary liberation.”

May combine two claims.

The Brahmin clergy were custodians and rulers of traditional culture, priests of sacrifice, writers, and experts on Vedic classics.

“They were the custodians and rulers of traditional culture, the priests of sacrifice, the writers, and the experts on the Vedic classics.39”

• cites [39]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

This monasticisation is the second major impact Tzu Chi has had on the historical development of Buddhism.

“I think that this is the second major impact that Tzu Chi has had on the historical development of Buddhism.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

A. K. Warder states that the Buddha insisted his teaching be tested by practice and consistent with objective facts and universal laws, while Abhidhamma ignored objective experience and focused on accurate reproduction of scriptures.

“As A. K. Warder states:”

• cites [37]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

After the seventh century CE, the Brāhmaṇa gradually revived and eventually brought Buddhism to an end.

“After the seventh century CE, the Brāhmaṇa gradually revived and eventually brought Buddhism to its end.”

May combine two claims.

Wang Yangming incorporated Buddhist ideas about cultivating the mind into the Confucian system of entering the world, which led to the decline of Buddhism; Buddhism became subjugated to the Confucian system.

“Wang Yangming incorporated Buddhist ideas about cultivating the mind into the Confucian system of entering the world, which led to the decline of Buddhism.”

• Also stated in: § Buddhism and the Secular World in China · plain

  “Buddhism thus became subjugated to the Confucian system.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

With its Buddhist foundation, Tzu Chi incorporated Confucianism, Western science, and rationality and can adapt to and transform modern society while promoting the socialisation of Buddhism.

“With its Buddhist foundation, Tzu Chi has incorporated the spirit of Confucianism, Western science, and rationality and is thus able to adapt to society and, to a certain extent, transform modern society while promoting the socialisation of Buddhism.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Peasants followed Brahminism closely.

“By contrast, the peasants followed Brahminism closely.36”

• cites [36]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

The rise of Buddhism did not provide an ethical code of life or cause the disappearance of the Brahmin class order.

“The rise of Buddhism did not provide an ethical code of life, nor herald the disappearance of the Brahmin class order.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

For any religion to become mainstream, it needs a comprehensive social knowledge system.

“For any religion to become mainstream, it needs a comprehensive social knowledge system.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S1 (asserted), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Mahāyāna Buddhism eventually died out in India after about nine hundred years of development.

“why did it eventually die out in India after about nine hundred years of development?”

May combine two claims.

Master Baizhang founded agricultural Chan so he could live by farming and be self-reliant, creating a lifeline for Buddhism.

“In this political climate, Master Baizhang Huaihai 百丈懷海 (720-814) founded agricultural Chan (nongchan 農禪) so he could live on his own by farming and being”

• Also stated in: § Buddhism and the Secular World in China · plain

  “self-reliant, which created a lifeline for Buddhism.77”

• cites [77]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

The Brāhmaṇa regained power in the Gupta Empire, where Brahminism and Buddhism were evenly favoured by the royal family.

“The efforts of the Brāhmaṇa finally regained power in the Gupta Empire (ca.320-550 CE), and Brahminism and Buddhism were evenly favoured by the royal family.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

The success of Tzu Chi in establishing Buddhism for lay practitioners today can be attributed to the profound impact of the nidāna between Xu and Master Cheng Yen.

“In my opinion, the success of Tzu Chi in establishing Buddhism for lay practitioners today can be attributed to profound impact of the nidāna between Xu and Master Cheng Yen.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Lay followers could report monks' precept violations to maintain the purity of the monastic community.

“They could report monks' precept violations to maintain the purity of the monastic community.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Over twenty sectarian systems reinterpreted the Buddha's teachings according to their own understanding and practice, each insisting it was most in line with the original teachings.

“Over twenty different sectarian systems reinterpreted the Bud-37 Warder, Yindu Fojiao shi, 419.dha's teachings according to their own understanding and practice, and all of them insisted that they were most in line with the original teachings of the Buddha.”

• cites [37]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

The Buddhist way of liberation did not enter the fields of social knowledge and did not establish a comprehensive, complex, deeply lived social system or a comprehensive system of religious practice as Christianity, Brahminism, or Islam did.

“The Buddhist way of liberation did not enter the fields of social knowledge and did not establish a comprehensive, complex, or deeply lived social system, nor did it establish a comprehensive system of religious practice, as in Christianity, Brahminism, or Islam.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Kings and merchants gave significant support to monks so they could concentrate on practice without worries.

“The king and merchants gave significant support to the monks so they could concentrate on their practice without any worries.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

The role of Tzu Chi in the development of Buddhism took a similar trajectory to Western religion and might symbolise the revival of Chinese Buddhism.

“The role of Tzu Chi in the development of Buddhism took a similar trajectory, and this might symbolise the revival of Chinese Buddhism.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

In Mahāyāna Buddhism, the bodhisattva replaced the pratyekabuddha as the object of worship.

“In Mahāyāna Buddhism, the bodhisattva replaced pratyekabuddha as the object of worship.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Theravāda stresses the superiority of monks and asserts that saṃgha affairs have nothing to do with lay disciples.

“Theravāda stresses the superiority of monks, and asserts that the affairs of the saṃgha have nothing to do with lay disciples.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Master Taixu believed the ordinary world and the Pure Land are not two but one; the task is to transform this bad world into a world of goodness, with the key resting in the heart.

“Master Taixu believed that the ordinary world and the world of the Pure Land are not two, but one.The task is not the abandonment of this bad world and the creation of another good world.Rather, it is the transformation of this bad world into a world of goodness.The key rests in the heart.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The Law of Manu is not a law but a principle and ethic of class and profession.

“The Code is not a law, but a principle and ethic of class and profession.”

May combine two claims.

The Buddhist saṃgha absorbed Confucianism and was fully established after Baizhang; Chinese Buddhism moved toward agriculture and became uncoupled from commerce.

“The Buddhist saṃgha absorbed Confucianism and was fully established after Zen Master Baizhang.Chinese Buddhism gradually moved towards agriculture and became uncoupled from commerce.78”

• cites [78]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

The An Lushan Rebellion made Confucians and the emperor wary of Western Regions intervening in domestic affairs; fear of Western powers contributed to the rejection of Buddhism and became a catalyst for the revival of Han culture.

“In particular, the An Lushan Rebellion 安史之亂 (755-763) made the Confucians and the emperor wary of countries in the Western Regions that could intervene in domestic affairs.”

• Also stated in: § Buddhism and the Secular World in China · plain

  “The fear of Western powers coveting Han land contributed to a rejection of Buddhism, and this became a catalyst for the revival of Han culture.76”

• cites [76]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

The construction of a broader world-oriented knowledge system for lay followers was lost, and focus was on scriptural debates within monasteries.

“The construction of a broader world-oriented knowledge system for lay followers was lost, and the focus was on scriptural debates within the monasteries.”

May combine two claims.

Master Yinshun developed a new form of Humanistic Buddhism through internal practice and external propagation, and the altruistic path to Buddhahood is characteristic of the Humanistic Buddhism he advocated.

“With his thoughts on both internal practice and external propagation, Master Yinshun was able to develop a new form of Humanistic Buddhism.”

• Also stated in: § Buddhism and the Secular World in China · plain

  “The altruistic path to Buddhahood is characteristic of Humanistic Buddhism advocated by Master Yinshun.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S1 (asserted), S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Master Yinshun said trustworthy upāsikā see the Four Noble Truths and do not lie for themselves, others, or profit, and are holy ones who see the truth.

“He also said:”

• cites [44]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Brahminism was not an organisation but a social system.

“Brahminism was not an organisation but a social system.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

It was a prevalent belief then and later that the Abhidharma focused on correct interpretation and understanding of scriptures.

“It was a prevalent belief, both then and through later generations, that the Abhidharma focused on the correct interpretation and understanding of scriptures.”

May combine two claims.

As long as class order and ethical norms remained in the Brāhmaṇa's hands, Buddhism failed to permeate lay daily life and establish a new ethic or social system.

“However, as long as the”

May combine two claims.

During the early Buddhist period, the Buddha was revered, but kings of Pāṭaliputra still regarded Brāhmaṇa as their teachers.

“During the early Buddhist period, the Buddha was revered but the kings of Pāṭaliputra still believed in the Brāhmaṇa as their teachers.”

May combine two claims.

At the end of the Tang, Baizhang adapted Buddhism to Chinese social organization; his law was Chinese, including a patriarchal abbot system in which the abbot could beat bhikkhus.

“However, at the end of the Tang dynasty, in order to survive, Zen Master Baizhang adapted Buddhism to a Chinese way of social organization.The law set by the Monk Daoxuan 道宣 (596-667) was still Indian, but the law set by Zen Master Baizhang was Chinese, including a patriarchal abbot system, in which the abbot could even beat the bhikkhus when they made mistakes.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

The Tzu Chi Buddhist lineage reflects the Jing Si Dharma and the Tzu Chi path in the human world.

“The Tzu Chi Buddhist lineage reflects the Jing Si Dharma and the Tzu Chi path in the human world.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Tzu Chi has invested much effort in charitable work as a charitable organisation, and is still developing its three goals.

“Tzu Chi has invested much effort in charitable work as a charitable organisation, and I believe that Tzu Chi is still in the process of developing these three goals.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The second goal is to put the spirit of the bodhisattva into practice in our lives, reflecting the humanisation of the bodhisattva.

“Second, it strives to put the spirit of the bodhisattva into practice in our lives, which reflects the humanisation of the bodhisattva.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

To establish a realistic system of knowledge and value, Tzu Chi Buddhism would require certain theoretical capacities and a paradigm-building model aspiring for universal values.

“To establish a realistic system of knowledge and value, in addition to its guidelines for practice, Tzu Chi Buddhism would require certain theoretical capacities and a paradigm-building model that aspires for universal values.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

The practice of Tzu Chi Buddhism must enter the world and not leave the world.

“The practice of Tzu Chi Buddhism must enter the world and not leave the world.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

Tzu Chi eliminates the gap between the rich and the poor.

“Second, it eliminates the gap between the rich and the poor.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Tzu Chi is present in Indonesia, the Philippines, Africa, and South America, where it works with those suffering from poverty.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Through gratitude, Tzu Chi creates a cycle of love and leads the helped to help others, reducing the gap between rich and poor through equal love.

“Through gratitude, it creates a cycle of love and leads the helped to help others, thus reducing the gap between the rich and the poor through equal love.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

Master Cheng Yen's philosophical system is fundamental to sustaining Tzu Chi Buddhism.

“The philosophical system of Master Cheng Yen is fundamental to sustaining Tzu Chi Buddhism.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

These three pillars go hand in hand.

“These three pillars go hand in hand.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Master Cheng Yen held that religion should be a force for peace and not a source of conflict.

“Master Cheng Yen held that religion should be a force for peace in the world; religion itself should not be a source of conflict and problems.”

• cites Cheng YenNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The first goal of Tzu Chi Buddhism is to establish Buddhism and the Tzu Chi Dharma in various social and professional fields.

“The goal of Tzu Chi Buddhism is, first, to establish Buddhism and the Tzu Chi Dharma in various social and professional fields.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The three pillars of Tzu Chi Buddhism are a philosophical system, an organisational structure, and a way of practice.

“The three pillars of Tzu Chi Buddhism include a philosophical system, an organisational structure, and a way of practice.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

The purpose of Tzu Chi is to maintain harmony among religions, communities, and nations, eliminate class conflicts, promote mutual aid and love among people, and promote harmony between people and nature.

“The purpose of Tzu Chi is to maintain harmony among religions, communities, and nations, to eliminate class conflicts, to promote mutual aid and love among people, and promote harmony between people and nature.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

The decline of Buddhism in India and China was because it lacked a secular knowledge system, a complete ethical code of secular life, and a rigorous organization of lay people.

“In my view, the decline of Buddhism in India and China was because it lacked a secular knowledge system, a complete ethical code of secular life, and a rigorous organization of lay people.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

This is the goal of Tzu Chi Buddhism.

“In my opinion, this is the goal of Tzu Chi Buddhism.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

Tzu Chi has made a substantial impact on conflicts in the present world.

“In my opinion, Tzu Chi has made a substantial impact on these problems in the following ways.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: In the present world, there are conflicts between nations, religions, humans and nature, and rich and poor.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Only when public activities and religious beliefs go hand in hand can Tzu Chi's sustainable development be maintained.

“Only when these two go hand in hand can the sustainable development of Tzu Chi be maintained.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The third goal is for Tzu Chi to build an organization for sustainable development.

“Third, Tzu Chi aspires to build an organization for sustainable development.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

The Dharma solutions of counteractive siddhānta are the basis for contemporary Buddhist sects and a creative way for disciples to cope with challenges and help solve current human problems.

“The Dharma solutions to counteractive siddhānta are the basis for contemporary Buddhist sects.They are also a creative way for Buddhist disciples to cope with challenges and difficulties, and to help solve the problems of the current human world.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

Tzu Chi contributes to cross-strait harmony between mainland China and Taiwan.

“Third, Tzu Chi contributes to the cross-strait harmony between mainland China and Taiwan.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

Tzu Chi will be complete when a practical model of Master Cheng Yen's three visions is constructed and universally applied in the world.

“Tzu Chi will be complete when a practical model of Master Cheng Yen's three aforementioned visions are constructed and universally applied in the world.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

Tzu Chi is not a Pure Land Sect or a Zen Sect; it calls itself Tzu Chi Buddhism.

“We are not a Pure Land Sect or a Zen Sect.If someone asks us what sect we are, we say Tzu Chi Buddhism.”

• cites Cheng YenNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Tzu Chi has been a bridge of cross-strait harmony and might become a bridge of harmony around the world.

“I think Tzu Chi has been a bridge of cross-strait harmony, and might even become a bridge of harmony around the world.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Tzu Chi's capacity to integrate people from Christianity, Catholicism, Islam, and other traditions is key, and they have all become Tzu Chi volunteers.

“This is key to Tzu Chi's capacity to integrate people from Christianity, Catholicism, Islam, and other traditions, who have all become Tzu Chi volunteers.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

The shared core of contemporary Buddhist movements is counteractive siddhānta.

“In my view, the shared core of the contemporary Buddhist movements is counteractive siddhānta.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

Tzu Chi aspires to strengthen its discourse, universal value system, and new models for society.

“In contrast, Tzu Chi aspires in this direction by strengthening its discourse, universal value system, and new models for society.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Tzu Chi significantly promotes religious harmony through love and good deeds, enabling people of all religions to work together against suffering instead of debating doctrines.

“First, it significantly promotes religious harmony through love and good deeds in order to enable people of all religions to work together against suffering instead of debating each other's doctrines.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

When the two sides were at their most serious odds, Tzu Chi's love and kindness was the best bridge.

“When the two sides were at their most serious odds, Tzu Chi's love and kindness was the best bridge.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Tzu Chi's environmental work embodies the ideal of creating harmony between nature and humans.

“This embodies the ideal of creating harmony between nature and humans.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

The challenge facing Tzu Chi is to integrate its public activities with religious beliefs.

“The challenge facing Tzu Chi is that it must integrate its public activities with religious beliefs.”