CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 1,297Agriculture, Land Use, Rural DevelopmentAsian Studies and HistoryPacific and Southeast Asian Studies

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

Agricultural Involution: The Processes of Ecological Change in Indonesia

Geertz, Clifford·1963·University of California Press eBooks
DOI 10.1525/9780520341821
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Agricultural Involution: The Processes of Ecological Change in Indonesia is one of the most famous of the early works of Clifford Geertz. It principal thesis is that many centuries of intensifying wet-rice cultivation in Indonesia had produced greater social complexity without significant technological or political change, a process Geertz terms "involution".Written for a US-funded project on the local developments and following the modernization theory of Walt Whitman Rostow, Geertz examines in this book the agricultural system in Indonesia and its two dominant forms of agriculture, swidden and sawah. In addition to researching its agricultural systems, the book turns to an examination of their historical development. Of particular note is Geertz's discussion of what he famously describes as the process of "agricultural involution" in Java, where both the external economic demands of the Dutch rulers and the internal pressures due to population growth led to intensification rather than change.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1525/9780520341821

Cites

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Items 501–600 of 1,000

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Geertz, C.
Corresponding author
Geertz, Clifford
Venue
University of California Press eBooks
Publisher
University of California Press
Published
1963-12-31
DOI
10.1525/9780520341821
OpenAlex
W4246147691
Cited by
1,297
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 69 · 2025: 49 · 2024: 55 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 60 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 64 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 17
FWCI
83.18
Type
book
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
University of California Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Development › Agriculture, Land Use, Rural Development
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Asian Studies and History
  • Social Sciences › Anthropology › Pacific and Southeast Asian Studies
Keywords
agricultural involution, Clifford Geertz, wet rice cultivation, swidden agriculture, agricultural intensification, social complexity, modernization theory, Rostow, Dutch colonialism, population growth, ecological change, Java, Indonesia

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review