Language, Race, and White Public Space

• No basis givenFindingMany usages of AAE origin in White English are curiously indeterminate, even where an AAE source is recognizable to an etymologist, making it often impossible to know whether the usage indexes any 'blackness' to its user or audience.Argued in the text, but no source is cited.§ More Sources for Homogeneous Heterogeneity · argued, not cited
• Own resultFindingFor Whites, precisely the opposite is true: Whites permit themselves a considerable amount of disorder precisely at the language boundary between Spanish and English in public discourse.From the paper’s own data. Not checkable against an outside source.§ "Spanish Accents" and "Mock Spanish": linguistic Order and Disorder in White Public Space · own data
• ?Sources not foundFindingThe public written use of Spanish by Whites is often grossly nonstandard and ungrammatical.None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.§ White Linguistic Normalcy: Orderly Disorder · cites sources
• Own resultFindingMany Spanish speakers do hear the racist message of Mock Spanish.From the paper’s own data. Not checkable against an outside source.§ The Semiotics of Mock Spanish · own data
• ?No full text of the sourcesFindingAfrican Americans themselves apparently use Mock Spanish, as evidenced by Terry McMillan's 1996 novel How Stella Got Her Groove Back.A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.§ More Sources for Homogeneous Heterogeneity · cites sources
• Not checked yetFindingMembers of historically Spanish-speaking populations do not share Whites' understanding of Mock Spanish.The paper cites a source here that we could not match to its reference list.§ The Semiotics of Mock Spanish · cites sources
• Own interpretationInterpretationNew tokens of White 'hipness,' often retrievable as Black in origin only by the most dogged scholarship (although often visible to Blacks), are constantly created out of AAE materials.A conclusion the paper draws from its own results. There is no outside source to check it against.§ More Sources for Homogeneous Heterogeneity · argued, not cited
• Own interpretationInterpretationBy indirect indexicality, Mock Spanish reproduces highly negative racializing stereotypes of Chicanos and Latinos.A conclusion the paper draws from its own results. There is no outside source to check it against.§ Language, Race, and White Public Space · no basis stated
• Own interpretationInterpretationBy direct indexicality, Mock Spanish presents speakers as possessing desirable personal qualities.A conclusion the paper draws from its own results. There is no outside source to check it against.§ Language, Race, and White Public Space · no basis stated
• Own interpretationInterpretationIn light of the analysis suggested, the 'subversions' noted by Gubar and Butler can also be seen simply as one more example of 'orderly' disorder reserved to elites in White public space, rather than as carnivalesque inversions.A conclusion the paper draws from its own results. There is no outside source to check it against.§ Can Mock Forms Subvert the Order of Racial Practices? · argued, not cited

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