The last call for marine wilderness?
Abstract
Wilderness areas have been widely discussed in the terrestrial conservation literature, whereas the concept of marine wilderness has received scant attention. The recent move to protect very large areas of the ocean and thus preserve some of the final marine wilderness areas is a bold policy initiative. However, some important questions have remained unanswered, such as whether marine wilderness areas support a different composition and abundance of species than do the smaller marine no-take areas (NTAs) that are steadily dotting our coastlines. We present a case study from the world's largest wilderness coral reef NTA, the Chagos Archipelago, and demonstrate that fish biomass is six times greater than and composition substantially different from even the oldest NTAs in eight other Indian Ocean countries' waters. Clearly, marine wilderness does promote a unique ecological community, which smaller NTAs fail to attain, and formal legislation is therefore crucial to protect these last marine wilderness areas.
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Previous studies have demonstrated that MPAs with larger no-take zones can support higher densities of predatory fish, including sharks.
“Previous studies have demonstrated that MPAs with larger NTZ can support higher densities of predatory fish, including sharks, and the TRNP size might be particularly beneficial for reef sharks that typically display high rates of fidelity (Edgar et al 2014, Graham andMcClanahan 2013).”
From Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park: the first comprehensive elasmobranch assessment reveals global hotspot for reef sharks (2019) · cites this paper as Graham and McClanahan 2013
The higher reef shark abundance in the TRNP could be partially explained by distinguishable zoning characteristics: the TRNP is 1000 km2, twice the size of the biggest no-take zone in Raja Ampat (<500 km2) and 16 times the size of the Namena Reserve (60 km2).
“The higher reef shark abundance in the TRNP could be partially explained by the distinguishable zoning characteristics evident in each site as the TRNP is 1000 km 2 twice the size of the biggest NTZ in RA (<500 km 2 ) and 16 times the size of the NR (60 km 2 ).”
From Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park: the first comprehensive elasmobranch assessment reveals global hotspot for reef sharks (2019) · cites this paper as Graham and McClanahan 2013
The TRNP size might be particularly beneficial for reef sharks that typically display high rates of fidelity.
“Previous studies have demonstrated that MPAs with larger NTZ can support higher densities of predatory fish, including sharks, and the TRNP size might be particularly beneficial for reef sharks that typically display high rates of fidelity (Edgar et al 2014, Graham andMcClanahan 2013).”
From Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park: the first comprehensive elasmobranch assessment reveals global hotspot for reef sharks (2019) · cites this paper as Graham and McClanahan 2013
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The Creation of the Chagos Marine Protected Area
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Differential Response of Fish Assemblages to Coral Reef-Based Seaweed Farming
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Evidence-Based Guidelines for Prioritizing Investments to Meet International Conservation Objectives
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Low fuel cost and rising fish price threaten coral reef wilderness
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British Indian Ocean Territory (Chagos Archipelago)
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- Authors
- Graham, N. A. J., & McClanahan, T. R.
- Affiliations
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies (AU)
- Wildlife Conservation Society (US)
- Venue
- BioScience
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2013-05
- Volume
- 63
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 397-402
- ISSN
- 0006-3568 (ISSN-L)
- 1525-3244
- OpenAlex
- W2129633884
- Cited by
- 128
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 4
- FWCI
- 11.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- BioScience (publishedVersion)
- ResearchOnline at James Cook University (James Cook University) (submittedVersion)
- BioOne Complete (BioOne) (submittedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law › Coastal and Marine Management
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine Biology and Ecology Research
- Keywords
- Chagos Archipelago, fish community composition, marine protected areas, marine conservation policy, Indian Ocean
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