Heterospecific Pairing and Hybridization Between Wild Humboldt and Magellanic Penguins in Southern Chile
Open accessAbstract
The Humboldt (Spheniscus humboldti) and Magellanic (S. magellanicus) Penguins overlap over 1100 km along the coast of the southeastern Pacific Ocean, and much has been hypothesized about hybridization between them. We visited Puñihuil and Metalqui islands, southern Chile (41–42° S), where both species form mixed colonies; these are also the Humboldt Penguin's southernmost colonies. We observed one mixed pair attending chicks and two adults of intermediate color pattern, one of which tended a chick at a nest. Additionally, on the basis of analysis of 30 blood samples of Humboldt Penguins from the Puñihuil colony, we report the first documented Humboldt × Magellanic Penguin hybrid. Judged from the pattern of restriction fragments, this bird had a Magellanic dam and a Humboldt sire. We sequenced mitochondrial and nuclear copies independently to confirm these results. We suggest that hybridization at Metalqui and Puñihuil is encouraged by the low abundance of the Humboldt Penguin rather than by failed mate recognition.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In captivity, hybrids between Humboldt and Magellanic penguins, Humboldt and African penguins, and African and Magellanic penguins are reported.
“In captivity, hybrids between Humboldt and Magellanic penguins, Humboldt and African penguins, and African and Magellanic penguins are reported (Thumser and Karron 1994;McCarthy 2006;Simeone et al. 2009).”
From Molecular Genetics Unveiled Unknown Family Relationships and Hybrids in an Ex-Situ Colony of African Penguins (Spheniscus demersus) (2018) · cites this paper as Simeone et al. 2009
The introduction reports captive interbreeding between Humboldt and Magellanic penguins, including fertile offspring. The Results report two captive Humboldt–African hybrids. Our copy does not report captive African–Magellanic hybrids, so it supports only two of the three pairings attributed to this paper. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
No references could be resolved yet.
Research works printed but not linked: 9
- ARAYA, B., AND F. S. TODD. 1988. Status of the Humboldt Penguin in Chile following the 1982-83 El Niño. Spheniscid Penguin News- letter 1:8-10.
- BAKER, A. J., S. L. PEREIRA, O. P. HADDRATH, AND K.-A. EDGE. 2006. Multiple gene evidence for expansion of extant penguins out of Antarctica due to global cooling. Proceedings of the Royal Soci- ety B 273:11-17.
- BARTON, N. H., AND G. M. HEWITT. 1985. Analysis of hybrid zones. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 16:113-148.
- JARAMILLO, A. 2003. Birds of Chile. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
- MCCARTHY, E. M. 2006. Handbook of avian hybrids of the world. Oxford University Press, New York.
- RANDLER, C. 2008. Mating patterns in avian hybrid zones-a meta- analysis and review. Ardea 96:73-80.
- SAMBROOK, J., E. FRITSCH, AND T. MANIATIS. 1989. Molecular clon- ing: a laboratory manual, 2nd ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.
- SCHLOSSER, J. A., J. M. DUBACH, T. W. J. GARNER, B. ARAYA, M. BERNAL, A. SIMEONE, K. A. SMITH, AND R. S. WALLACE. 2009. Evidence for gene flow differs from observed dispersal patterns in the Humboldt Penguin, Spheniscus humboldti. Conservation Genetics 10:839-849.
- WILLIAMS, T. D. 1995. The Penguins. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Modesto, P., Biolatti, C., Favaro, L., Colussi, S., Peletto, S., Piga, S., Riina, M. V., Pessani, D., Trincas, E., Isaja, V., et al. (2018) · Journal of Heredity · doi:10.1093/jhered/esy032 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
- Authors
- Simeone, A., Hiriart-Bertrand, L., Reyes-Arriagada, R., Halpern, M., Dubach, J., Wallace, R., Pütz, K., & Lüthi, B.
- Affiliations
- Universidad Andrés Bello (CL)
- Austral University of Chile (CL)
- Brookfield Zoo Chicago (US)
- Milwaukee County Zoological Gardens (US)
- Zürich Zoological Garden (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Simeone, Alejandro
- Venue
- The Condor
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2009-08
- Volume
- 111
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 544-550
- ISSN
- 0010-5422 (ISSN-L)
- 1938-5129
- OpenAlex
- W2151863765
- Cited by
- 21
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 0.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.bioone.org
- Locations
- Ornithological Applications (publishedVersion)
- BioOne Complete (BioOne) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Avian ecology and behavior
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic diversity and population structure
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Keywords
- Humboldt penguin, Magellanic penguin, Spheniscus magellanicus, interspecific hybridization, mixed colonies, hybrid identification, mitochondrial DNA, nuclear DNA, mate recognition, population abundance
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
