Editors’ Introduction

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

Too much time online produces harms.

“As does too much time online.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.

Misinformation, information bubbles, and harassment have produced deep harms.

“Misinformation, information bubbles, and harassment have produced deep harms.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

Analysis of the Facebook files focused on revelations of harms of social media instead of other research in the leaked documents about possible benefits through community building.

“Analysis of the so-called Facebook files focused on the revelations of harms of social media instead of other research in the leaked documents about possible benefits through community building.”

It may state two separate claims as one.

Teen girls are savvy users of social media who are not oblivious to the potential harms-even if this doesn't mean that they are not also harmed.

“This supports what we already know, that teen girls are savvy users of social media who are not oblivious to the potential harms-even if this doesn't mean that they are not also harmed.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

Previous media studies approaches provide resources to contest definitions of what types of media cause harm and what harms consist of beyond effects on individual self-esteem or mental health.

“Previous media studies approaches provide the resources to contest some of the definitions of what types of media cause harm and what harms might consist of beyond effects on individual self-esteem or mental health.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

In previous work, Diana Anselmo has discussed scrapbooks made by fans during World War I as an early example that parallels the online scrapbooking we see on Tumblr.

“In previous work, Diana Anselmo has discussed scrapbooks made by fans during World War I as an early example that parallels the online scrapbooking we see on Tumblr.29”

• cites [29] 29. See, for example, Rosalind Gill, "Postfeminist Media Culture: Elements of a Sensibility," European Journal of Cultural Studies 10, no. 2 (May 2007): 147-66.Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.

Media historians and many other media scholars can see causality claims as anathema, but nonetheless constantly talk about what media does.

“Media historians and many other media scholars can see causality claims as an anathema, but nonetheless constantly talk about what media does.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

There were conflicts that arose in the production and distribution of comics that certainly placed pressure on how the community saw itself.

“There were conflicts that arose in the production and distribution of comics that certainly placed pressure on how the community saw itself.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.

Social media can be a site in which girls and women are treated as particularly vulnerable to content and a place where corporations can often denigrate their consumers, in ways that may echo classical archival evidence about girl fans and the Hollywood studio system.

“Social media can be a site in which girls and women are treated as being particularly vulnerable to content and a place where corporations can often denigrate their consumers, in ways that may echo the classical archival evidence about girl fans and the Hollywood studio system.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

Concerns about media effects typically revolve around age, gender, and race.

“Such concerns typically revolve around age, gender, and race.”

Probably not a substantial claim.

Maragh-Lloyd argues that conceptions of pleasures and dangers of media, including social media, can be reframed by thinking historically about how people have used different media in creative and unexpected ways.

“Maragh-Lloyd opens the roundtable with her argument that conceptions of pleasures and dangers of media, including social media, can be reframed by thinking historically about how people have used different media in creative and unexpected ways.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.

The circulation of critiques and reports of harms from Instagram's users might in itself function as a basis on which to imagine more utopian modes of social media use and to mobilize teen girls with respect to social media.

“Putting this information in dialogue with research on media's role in facilitating counterpublics and activism, we can see how the circulation of critiques and reports of harms from Instagram's users might in itself function as a basis on which to imagine more utopian modes of social media use and to mobilize teen girls with respect to social media.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

One primary focus of social media panic is the crisis of misinformation and polarization that threatens democracy.

“One primary focus of social media panic is the crisis of misinformation and polarization that threatens democracy.”

Probably not a substantial claim.

Racism can organize the logic of fan pleasure.

“She draws particular attention to the ways in which racism can organize the logic of fan pleasure.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

Drawing from Sara Ahmed, Anselmo explores how early film fandom was often a repository of the negative feelings of female fans.

“Drawing from Sara Ahmed, Anselmo explores how early film fandom was often a repository of the negative feelings of female fans.”

• cites Sara AhmedNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

After these rapes occurred in this virtual community and then were publicized by Julian Dibbel's reporting on these events for the Village Voice, new users flocked to the site.

“After these rapes occurred in this virtual community and then were publicized by Julian Dibbel's reporting on these events for the Village Voice, new users flocked to the site.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.

The internet and social media have created opportunities for people to circumvent traditional avenues of distribution and promoted different voices.

“as much as we discuss the problems of companies like Meta and their monopolies, the internet and social media have created opportunities for people to circumvent traditional avenues of distribution and promoted different voices.”

Probably not a substantial claim.

Pande shows how framing of utopia as well as pleasures and harms are instrumentalized by fans in order to police critiques of fan spaces.

“Pande shows how framing of utopia as well as pleasures and harms are instrumentalized by fans in order to police critiques of fan spaces.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.

Much of the literature around harm comes from psychologists, education scholars, sociologists, and some communication scholars, as opposed to media historians, and one reason may be not only methodological but also a resistance to causality claims around media.

“Much of the literature around harm comes from psychologists, education scholars, sociologists, and some communication scholars, as opposed to media historians, and one of the reasons may be not only methodological but also a resistance to causality claims around media.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

Many media scholars of color looking at social media and a longer tradition of cultural studies approaches see many examples of resistance in relation to corporate-produced media.

“The participants in the roundtable lean more toward seeing the utopian possibilities of social media, which is a characteristic of not only many media scholars of color looking at social media but a longer tradition of cultural studies approaches that see many examples of resistance in in relation to corporate-produced media.30”

• cites [30] 30. Ben Lindbergh, "How 'Grand Theft Auto III' Became Ground Zero for a Moral Panic," The Ringer, October 22, 2021, www.theringer.com/2021/10/22/22739871/ grand-theft-auto-iii-controversy-revisited.Not checked yet

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.

Identity is essential to the construction of what makes a space dystopian or utopian.

“Identity is thus essential to the construction of what makes a space dystopian or utopian.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

New media and media technologies have traditionally generated familiar but slightly transformed and occasionally distinctive concerns about media effects.

“New media and media technologies-from the novel to social media-have traditionally generated familiar but slightly transformed and occasionally distinctive concerns about media effects.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.

Fans who call out racism, misogyny, and homophobia on social media are met with rage because they are seen as disrupting not only pleasure but also the offenders' views of their community, a politics of in-group regulation that harkens back to practices of fan exclusion that precede contemporary social media forms.

“Fans who call out racism, misogyny, and homophobia on social media are met with rage because they are seen as disrupting not only pleasure but also the offenders' views of their community, a politics of in-group regulation that harkens back to practices of fan exclusion that precede contemporary social media forms.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

Community was also built in the shared enterprise of developing an infrastructure to support the making of and circulation of comics.

“But community was also built in the shared enterprise of developing an infrastructure to support the making of and circulation of comics.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

We may still be in what Dana R. Fisher and Larry Michael Wright describe as a cultural lag around the dystopian and utopian binary produced around the possibilities of the internet.

“We may still be in what Dana R. Fisher and Larry Michael Wright describe as a cultural lag around the dystopian and utopian binary produced around the possibilities of the internet.”

• cites [13] 13. Wendy Hui Kyong Chun and Thomas Keenan (New York: Routledge, 2006), 2.Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim.

White shows how participants in these conversations avoided discussion of the way that pleasures and harms of the MOO affected some bodies and identities more than others.

“Through close reading of Dibbel's reporting as well as debates and ballot measures put forward by MOO participants, White shows how participants in these conversations avoided discussion of the way that pleasures and harms of the MOO affected some bodies and identities more than others.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

By centering the role that identity plays in the creation and maintenance of communities organized around media, we better understand the entanglement of pleasure and danger constitutive of these associations.

“By centering the role that identity plays in the creation and maintenance of communities organized around media, we better understand the entanglement of pleasure and danger constitutive of these associations.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

Another strand, which was the popular media and political focus of the Facebook leaks, surrounds girls' and women's cultures.

“Another strand, which was the popular media and political focus of the Facebook leaks, surrounds girls' and women's cultures.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.

Changes to social media that embrace social comparison to motivate or inspire still maintain a focus on individual well-being at the expense of collective awareness and fail to engage with the possibility that negative images and feelings can be used to challenge norms and build communities.

“Changes to social media that embrace social comparison to motivate or inspire still maintain a focus on individual well-being at the expense of collective awareness and fail to engage with the possibility that negative images and feelings can be used to challenge norms and build communities.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

The alternative comics community was an example of alternative, progressive communities that were nonetheless hampered by exclusions.

“Another example of alternative, progressive communities that were nonetheless hampered by exclusions was the alternative comics community.”

It may state two separate claims as one.

The unpredictable rewards of likes and affirmation online are qualitatively different from those offered by many other forms of media and may keep people more tethered to social media than other consumption habits.

“The “unpredictable rewards” of “likes” and affirmation online are qualitatively different from those offered by many other forms of media and may keep people more tethered to social media than other consumption habits.”

• cites [6] 6. Anne M. Morris and Debra K. Katzman, "The Impact of the Media on Eating Disorders in Children and Adolescents," Paediatrics & Child Health 8, no. 5 (2003): 287-89; sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.

Representations associated with negativity are not necessarily harmful but can also be sources for nonnormative imaginings.

“Applying the insights of existing media scholarship highlights the potential that can be found in seemingly negative representation-representations associated with negativity are not necessarily harmful but can also be sources for nonnormative imaginings.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.

It is not simple to draw direct claims that social media causes harms.

“Not only in the mixed results that Meta discovered, but also in existing scholarly accounts of media and media users, we know that it is not so simple to draw direct claims that social media causes harms.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

Fan letter sections create media identitopias-based on the identity of young, white, middle-class women but taking place not in the physical copresence of the theater, but rather through the spaces of magazine pages.

“Fan letter sections create media identitopias-based on the identity of young, white, middle-class women but taking place not in the physical copresence of the theater, but rather through the spaces of magazine pages.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.

Media is essential to spreading moral and media panics.

“But media is also essential to spreading moral and media panics.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

Social media is an example of a media identitopia, the space of consumption and association that offers the promise of utopian community while dystopian harms threaten or overtake the pleasurable political possibilities of connections made between people through media.

“Social media is an example of a media identitopia-the space of consumption and association that offers the promise of utopian community while dystopian harms threaten or overtake the pleasurable political possibilities of connections made between people through media.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

Anselmo's analysis points us to surprising resonances between letters sections and critiques of contemporary social media.

“Although they are structured quite differently than social media sites, Anselmo's analysis points us to surprising resonances between letters sections and critiques of contemporary social media.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

The struggle over certain binary oppositions, including consumer and producer, pleasure and danger, victim and agent, and utopia and dystopia, has long histories that could be cited more often in public conversations about social media in the present.

“Nonetheless, the struggle over certain binary oppositions-consumer and producer, pleasure and danger, victim and agent, and perhaps most of all, utopia and dystopia, have long histories that could be cited more often in public conversations about social media in the present.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.

Fan cultures from comics and other geek cultures like gaming and science fiction have notoriously been marked by misogyny, racism, and homophobia, even as the same groups marginalized by white supremacy and toxic masculinity have built their own affirming and pleasurable communities.

“The fan cultures from comics and other “geek cultures” like gaming and science fiction have notoriously been marked by misogyny, racism, and homophobia, even as the same groups marginalized by white supremacy and toxic masculinity have built their own affirming and pleasurable communities.”

• cites [11] 11. Mark D. Griffiths, "Adolescent Social Networking: How Do Social Media Operators Facilitate Habitual Use?" Education and Health 36, no. 3 (2018): 66-69.Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

Pande is one of the scholars who has challenged the ways in which fans and many academics have framed fandom as a utopian project.

“Pande is one of the scholars who has challenged the ways in which fans and many academics have framed fandom as a utopian project.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.

The internet can be a site of horrible danger and harassment for women while they also may return to these spaces, finding pleasure in proximity to and sometimes in relationship to the danger, and it was that way long before Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram.

“The internet can be a site of horrible danger and harassment for women while they also may return to these spaces, finding pleasure in proximity to-and sometimes in relationship to-the danger, and it was that way long before Twitter (X), Facebook, and Instagram.”