Age of first use: Its reliability and predictive utility
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was: (1) to assess the utility of age of first licit use and age of first illicit use as predictors of alcohol and drug use at ages 20 and 30; and (2) to examine the reliability of retrospectively recalled ages of onset of use. METHOD: Subjects (N = 839) from the Rutgers Health and Human Development Project provided four waves of longitudinal data spanning the age range from 15 to 31. RESULTS: Retrospective recall of age of onset revealed a fair degree of relative agreement but a lack of absolute agreement because of an upward shift in recalled ages as individuals became older. Repeated measures ANOVAS revealed normative declines in alcohol and drug use from 20 to 30 even though individual differences in use remained quite stable across time. Regression analyses indicated that: (1) age of first licit use as recalled at age 18 did not predict alcohol or drug use at age 20; (2) age of first illicit use was a weak predictor of alcohol use at 20 but a fairly strong predictor of drug use at 20; and (3) neither age predicted use or use consequences at age 30. CONCLUSIONS: In the general population, illicit drug use and heavier alcohol use are, regardless of age of onset, adolescence-limited phenomena for most individuals. Findings suggest that intervention efforts need to be aimed simultaneously at delaying the onset of illicit use and reducing use levels among young adult users.
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Longitudinal studies of adolescents have found that estimates of the age of first use do tend to increase upon repeat assessment, but the rank ordering for the different drugs remains the same.
“Longitudinal studies of adolescents have found that estimates of the age of first use do tend to increase upon repeat assessment (i.e. as people age) ([Engels et al., 1997](#R11); [Henry et al., 1994](#R16); [Labouvie et al., 1997](#R23)), but the rank ordering for the different drugs remains the same ([Engels et al., 1997](#R11); [Henry et al., 1994](#R16); [Labouvie et al., 1997](#R23)).”
From Epidemiological patterns of extra-medical drug use in the United States: Evidence from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication, 2001–2003 (2007) · cites this paper as Labouvie et al., 1997
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“Nonetheless, during the years of young and middle adulthood, it appears that age at first use of illicit drugs is reported with reasonably high coefficients of agreement (Prusoff et al. 1988; Wittchen et al. 1989; Labouvie et al. 1997; Shillington and Clapp 2000).”
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“[19] However, it was also noted that retrospective recall of age of onset of alcohol and drug use had shown a fair degree of agreement.[20] A group of the subjects who were born earlier might have been missed due to mortality or migration leading to attrition bias and thus might have affected the outcome of the study.”
BackgroundChildhood predictors of first chance to use and use of cannabis by young adulthood
Storr, C. L., Wagner, F. A., Chen, C., & Anthony, J. C. (2011) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.12.023 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“There is some evidence for the reliability and stability of retrospectively recalled history of drug involvement and age of first use (Koenig et al., 2009; Labouvie et al., 1997; Prause et al., 2007; Shillington et al;., 2010).”
BackgroundRole of Ethnicity and Gender in Polydrug Use among a Longitudinal Sample of Inner-City Adolescents.
Epstein, J. A., Botvin, G. J., Griffin, K. W., & Diaz, T. (1999) · Journal of alcohol and drug education · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Adolescent but not adult ethanol binge drinking modulates cocaine withdrawal symptoms in mice
Ledesma, J. C., Aguilar, M. A., Giménez‐Gómez, P., Miñarro, J., & Rodríguez‐Arias, M. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0172956 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
One More Beer? Serving Alcohol to Pseudo-Intoxicated Guests in Bars
Gosselt, J. F., van Hoof, J. J., Goverde, M. M., & de Jong, M. D. T. (2013) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.12074 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“…is known to harm physical health (Anderson and Baumberg, 2006; Bushman, 1993; Graham et al., 1998; Grant and Dawson, 1997; Holder andWagenaar, 1994; Labouvie et al., 1997; Pytkowicz Streissguth et al., 1980), mental health (Brown et al., 2000; Tapert et al., 2001), and social relationships…”
BackgroundDe Sanctis, V. A., Newcorn, J. H., & Halperin, J. M. (2014) · ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders · doi:10.1007/s12402-013-0124-8 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“The Rutgers Alcohol and Drug Use Questionnaire (Labouvie et al. 1997) was used to systematically evaluate the subject’s overall drug and alcohol use.”
MethodLegleye, S., Khlat, M., Mayet, A., Beck, F., Falissard, B., Chau, N., & Peretti-Watel, P. (2016) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.13461 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
McKinzie, D. L., Cox, R. J., Murphy, J. M., Li, T., Lumeng, L., & McBride, W. J. (1999) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1999.tb04088.x · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Age of First Use and Ongoing Patterns of Legal and Illegal Drug Use in a Sample of Young Londoners
McCambridge, J., & Strang, J. (2005) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1081/ja-200049333 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“The importance attached to age of first use of legal and illegal drugs has been questioned by others (Labouvie, Bates, and Pandina, 1997).”
BackgroundDangerous Children: Assessment and Management of Risk
Tiffin, P. A., & Kaplan, C. (2004) · Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1111/j.1475-3588.2004.00082.x · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Alcohol Drinking Onset: A Reliability Study
Prause, J., Dooley, D., Ham-Rowbottom, K. A., et al. (2007) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse · doi:10.1300/j029v16n04_05 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Transitions into underage and problem drinking.
Windle, M. T., SPEAR, L. P., Fuligni, A. J., Angold, A. C., Brown, J. D., Pine, D. S., Smith, G. T., Giedd, J. N., & Dahl, R. E. (2009) · Alcohol Research & Health · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Birth Cohort Differences in Features of Antisocial Alcoholism Among Men and Women
Stoltenberg, S. F., Hill, E. M., Mudd, S. A., Blow, F. C., & Zucker, R. A. (1999) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1999.tb04087.x · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“An example of such an agerelated bias is the tendency of individuals to report increasing age of onset of substance use (including alcohol) with increasing age (e.g., Labouvie et al., 1997).”
BackgroundCriado, J. R., Wills, D. N., Walker, B. M., & Ehlers, C. L. (2008) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00760.x · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Why people use, abuse, and become dependent on drugs: Progress toward a heuristic model.
Pandina, R. J., & Johnson, V. L. (1999) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10341-006 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationChentsova, V. O., Bravo, A. J., Pilatti, A., Pautassi, R. M., Mezquita, L., Hogarth, L., & Cross-Cultural Addictions Study Team (2023) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-023-01016-y · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“Additionally, some literature has reported a weak association between Age of First Use and subsequent problematic alcohol use (Labouvie et al., 1997; Maimaris & McCambridge, 2014), introducing concerns over the number of other factors that may influence these associations (Sarvet & Hasin, 2016).”
- Authors
- Labouvie, E., Bates, M. E., & Pandina, R. J.
- Affiliations
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Studies on Alcohol
- Publisher
- Alcohol Research Documentation, Inc.
- Published
- 1997-11
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 638-643
- ISSN
- 0096-882X (ISSN-L)
- 1934-2683
- OpenAlex
- W2008707093
- Cited by
- 131
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 5.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Studies on Alcohol (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Rutgers University Community Repository (Rutgers University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01aa005823-07)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA05823)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA003395, DA 03395)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Demography › Youth, Drugs, and Violence
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
- Keywords
- age of onset, alcohol consumption, illicit drug use, young adult substance use, predictors of substance use
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Alcoholism, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Psychotropic Drugs, Regression Analysis, Illicit Drugs, Reproducibility of Results, Cohort Studies, Substance-Related Disorders, Alcohol-Related Disorders
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