Plasma levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone in hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal disorders and chronic renal failure
Abstract
Plasma levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) were measured in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal disorders and chronic renal failure to investigate the clinical significance of plasma CRH. The mean plasma CRH level in normal subjects (N = 26) was 1.64 +/- 0.43 pmol/l (normal range 0.77-2.5 pmol/l). Four of six patients with hypothalamic disorders receiving hydrocortisone supplementation had a low plasma CRH level. Two of six patients with Sheehan's syndrome had a low plasma CRH level whereas one patient had a high plasma CRH level. Two patients with Cushing's syndrome had a low plasma CRH level whereas two patients with Cushing's disease had a normal plasma CRH level. Six of 19 patients receiving prednisolone therapy had a low plasma CRH level. The mean plasma CRH level in this group was 0.97 +/- 0.34 pmol/l, which is significantly lower than that in the normal group. In this group, significant correlation was seen between plasma CRH and adrenocorticotropin levels. Eleven of 21 patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis had a high plasma CRH level. Just after hemodialysis the plasma CRH levels decreased in 15 of 20 patients, while plasma adrenocorticotropin and cortisol levels increased in 13 of 19 patients and in 15 of 20 patients, respectively. Immunoreactive CRH in plasma measured both before and after hemodialysis eluted similarly on reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. These results suggest that the plasma CRH level is at least partially suppressed by a chronically elevated plasma glucocorticoid level and that CRH in plasma is partially removed by hemodialysis.
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These fixed point values are in the correct range when compared to averages of healthy individual data from (8, 47) as reported in (27) which found 3.06 ng/ml for cortisol, 21 pg/ml for ACTH, and 7.66 pg/ml for CRH.
“These values are in the correct range when compared to averages of healthy individual data from (8, 47) as reported in (27) which found 3.06 ng/ml for cortisol, 21 pg/ml for ACTH, and 7.66 pg/ml for CRH providing further confidence in the overall plausibility of the results.”
From Modeling the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis: A review and extension (2015) · cites this paper as [47]
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Cushing's syndrome, glucocorticoids and the kidney.
Smets, P., Meyer, E., Maddens, B., & Daminet, S. (2010) · General and Comparative Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2010.07.004 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Ito, N., Sugawara, K., Bodó, E., Takigawa, M., van Beek, N., Ito, T., & Paus, R. (2009) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/jid.2009.387 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
“However, this concentration is substantially above normal human plasma levels (up to 2.5 pM; Hashimoto et al., 1993), thus bringing the physiological relevance of our findings into question.”
BackgroundInfluentialThe minimal model of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis
Vinther, F., Andersen, M., & Ottesen, J. T. (2011) · Journal of Mathematical Biology · doi:10.1007/s00285-010-0384-2 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
“64 pmol/ml (Felig and Frohman 2001) and the molecular weight of CRH is 4670 g/mol (Hashimoto et al. 1993).”
BackgroundInfluentialKarageorgiadis, A. S., Papadakis, G. Z., Biro, J., Keil, M. F., Lyssikatos, C., Quezado, M., Merino, M. J., Schrump, D. S., Kebebew, E., Patronas, N. J., et al. (2014) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2014-2945 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Andersen, M., Vinther, F., & Ottesen, J. T. (2013) · Mathematical Biosciences · doi:10.1016/j.mbs.2013.08.010 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Modeling the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis: A review and extension
Hosseinichimeh, N., Rahmandad, H., & Wittenborn, A. K. (2015) · Mathematical Biosciences · doi:10.1016/j.mbs.2015.08.004 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“These values are in the correct range when compared to averages of healthy individual data from (8, 47) as reported in (27) which found 3.”
ResultSladek, C. D., Michelini, L. C., Stachenfeld, N. S., Stern, J. E., & Urban, J. H. (2015) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c140028 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Modelling cholesterol effects on the dynamics of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis
Marković, V. M., Čupić, Ž., Maćešić, S., Stanojević, A., Vukojević, V., & Kolar-Anić, L. (2016) · Mathematical Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1093/imammb/dqu020 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
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Self-citationSladek, C. D., Michelini, L. C., Stachenfeld, N. S., Stern, J. E., & Urban, J. H. (2015) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/j.2040-4603.2015.tb00634.x · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“CRH, urocortins, and CRH-R2 receptors are found throughout the adrenal cortex and medulla, and activation of CRH-Rs increases catecholamine synthesis and secretion (91, 137, 161, 391).”
Chatterjee, B., Jain, R., Chawla, N., et al. (2021) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102964 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Assay Methods in Cushing’s Syndrome
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153Modeling pulsatile and diurnal rhythmicity of free and total cortisol
Churilov, A. N., & MILTON, J. G. (2026) · De Gruyter eBooks · doi:10.1515/9783112216620-013
- Authors
- Hashimoto, K., Nishioka, T., Numata, Y., Ogasa, T., Kageyama, J., & Suemaru, S.
- Affiliations
- Kōchi University (JP)
- Okayama University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Hashimoto, Kozo
- Venue
- Acta Endocrinologica
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1993-06
- Volume
- 128
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 503-507
- ISSN
- 0804-4643 (ISSN-L)
- 1479-683X
- OpenAlex
- W2089631642
- Cited by
- 21
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 1.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Journal of Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments
- Keywords
- corticotropin-releasing factor, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, chronic kidney disease, hemodialysis, Sheehan's syndrome, Cushing's disease, Cushing's syndrome, glucocorticoid suppression, ACTH, cortisol, prednisolone
- MeSH terms
- Adrenal Gland Diseases, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Renal Dialysis, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Hypothalamic Diseases, Kidney Failure, Chronic, Pituitary Diseases, Prednisolone
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