The DOI matches its Crossref record; 54 of the 54 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Traumatic brain injuries induced pituitary dysfunction: a call for algorithms
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury affects many people each year, resulting in a serious burden of devastating health consequences. Motor-vehicle and work-related accidents, falls, assaults, as well as sport activities are the most common causes of traumatic brain injuries. Consequently, they may lead to permanent or transient pituitary insufficiency that causes adverse changes in body composition, worrisome metabolic function, reduced bone density, and a significant decrease in one’s quality of life. The prevalence of post-traumatic hypopituitarism is difficult to determine, and the exact mechanisms lying behind it remain unclear. Several probable hypotheses have been suggested. The diagnosis of pituitary dysfunction is very challenging both due to the common occurrence of brain injuries, the subtle character of clinical manifestations, the variable course of the disease, as well as the lack of proper diagnostic algorithms. Insufficiency of somatotropic axis is the most common abnormality, followed by presence of hypogonadism, hypothyroidism, hypocortisolism, and diabetes insipidus. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge about post-traumatic hypopituitarism. Moreover, based on available data and on our own clinical experience, we suggest an algorithm for the evaluation of post-traumatic hypopituitarism. In addition, well-designed studies are needed to further investigate the pathophysiology, epidemiology, and timing of pituitary dysfunction after a traumatic brain injury with the purpose of establishing appropriate standards of care.
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“Additional anterior pituitary abnormalities observed in children and adolescents in the chronic phase post-TBI may include ACTH deficiency (reported at 2-43%), gonadotropin deficiency (reported at 6-16%), TSH deficiency (reported at 2-33%), and precocious puberty (reported at 2-16%).7,11,27”
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“Given that GHD can be transient and that secretory patterns may change over time, children should undergo routine GH testing (e.g., every 6 months) for at least 1 year post-TBI.7,11,27”
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Cites
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Goldstein, L. E., Fisher, A. M., Tagge, C. A., Zhang, X.-L., Velisek, L., Sullivan, J. A., Upreti, C., Kracht, J. M., Ericsson, M., Wojnarowicz, M. W., et al. (2012) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3003716 · Cited by 958
Schneider, H. J., Kreitschmann-Andermahr, I., Ghigo, E., Stalla, G. K., & Agha, A. (2007) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.298.12.1429 · Cited by 549
Kelly, D. F., Gaw Gonzalo, I. T., Cohan, P., Berman, N., Swerdloff, R., & Wang, C. (2000) · Journal of Neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/jns.2000.93.5.0743 · Cited by 455
Hypopituitarism Secondary to Head Trauma
Benvenga, S. (2000) · Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.85.4.1353 · Cited by 423
Schneider, H. J., Aimaretti, G., Kreitschmann-Andermahr, I., Stalla, G.-K., & Ghigo, E. (2007) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)60673-4 · Cited by 336
Tanriverdi, F., Senyurek, H., Unluhizarci, K., Selcuklu, A., Casanueva, F. F., & Kelestimur, F. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2005-2476 · Cited by 336
Acute secondary adrenal insufficiency after traumatic brain injury: a prospective study
Cohan, P., Wang, C., McArthur, D. L., Cook, S. W., Dusick, J. R., Armin, B., Swerdloff, R., Vespa, P., Muizelaar, J. P., Cryer, H. G., et al. (2005) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000181735.51183.a7 · Cited by 282
Estrogen, cognition and female ageing
Genazzani, A. R., Pluchino, N., Luisi, S., & Luisi, M. (2007) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dml042 · Cited by 237 · cited 1×
“The influence of estrogen therapy on cognitive function is not fully understood [84].”
BackgroundThyroid hormone regulates hippocampal neurogenesis in the adult rat brain
Desouza, L. A., Ladiwala, U., Daniel, S. M., Agashe, S., Vaidya, R. A., & Vaidya, V. A. (2005) · Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.mcn.2005.03.010 · Cited by 231
Cited by
Post-Traumatic Hypopituitarism: A Neglected Consequence of Traumatic Brain Injury
Kałas, M., Miksiewicz, M., Kowalke, A., & Siemiński, M. (2023) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000529327 · Cited by 20
Wexler, T. L., Reifschneider, K., Backeljauw, P., Cárdenas, J. F., Hoffman, A. R., Miller, B. S., & Yuen, K. C. J. (2023) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2022.0384 · Cited by 19
Yuen, K. C. J., Masel, B., Jaffee, M. S., O'Shanick, G., Wexler, T. L., Reifschneider, K., Urban, R. J., Hoang, S., Kelepouris, N., & Hoffman, A. R. (2022) · Growth Hormone & IGF Research · doi:10.1016/j.ghir.2022.101495 · Cited by 18
An Approach to Traumatic Brain Injury-Related Hypopituitarism: Overcoming the Pediatric Challenges
Vlad, R. M., Albu, A. I., Nicolaescu, I. D., Dobritoiu, R., Carsote, M., Sandru, F., Albu, D., & Păcurar, D. (2023) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics13020212 · Cited by 7
Metadata
- Authors
- Gilis-Januszewska, A., Kluczyński, Ł., & Hubalewska-Dydejczyk, A.
- Venue
- Endocrine Connections
- Publisher
- Bioscientifica
- Published
- 2020-05
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- R112-R123
- ISSN
- 2049-3614
- Cited by
- 50
- References
- 54
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