The DOI matches its Crossref record; 120 of the 121 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Pathogenesis and management of hypoglycemia
Abstract
Glucose is the main substrate utilized by the brain and as such multiple regulatory mechanisms exist to maintain glucose concentrations. When these mechanisms fail or are defective, hypoglycemia ensues. Due to these robust mechanisms, hypoglycemia is uncommon and usually occurs in the setting of the treatment of diabetes using glucose-lowering agents such as sulfonylureas or insulin. The symptoms of hypoglycemia are non-specific and as such it is important to confirm hypoglycemia by establishing the presence of Whipple's triad before embarking on an evaluation for hypoglycemia. When possible, evaluation of hypoglycemia should be carried out at the time of spontaneous occurrence of symptoms. If this is not possible then one would want to create the circumstances under which symptoms occur. In cases where symptoms occur in the post absorptive state, a 72-h fast should be performed. Likewise, if symptoms occur after a meal then a mixed meal study may be the test of choice. The causes of endogenous hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia include insulinoma, post-bariatric hypoglycemia and noninsulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycemia syndrome. Autoimmune hypoglycemia syndrome is clinically and biochemically similar to insulinoma but associated with high levels of insulin antibodies and plasma insulin. Other important causes of hypoglycemia include medications, non-islet cell tumors, hormonal deficiencies, critical illness and factitious hypoglycemia. We provide an overview of the pathogenesis…
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“Apart from severe diseases like liver, kidney or heart failure, the intake of alcohol, insulin, or insulin secretagogues needs to be ruled out [7,9,10].”
Citations
Cites
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Functioning insulinoma—incidence, recurrence, and long-term survival of patients: a 60-year study.
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Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia with nesidioblastosis after gastric-bypass surgery.
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CARCINOMA OF THE ISLANDS OF THE PANCREAS
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Items 101–107 of 107
Evaluation of diabetes self-management mobile application for elderly using human factor engineering
Harahap, S. F., Ismail, L. H., Arsat, M., & Yusof, I. J. (2025) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/5.0209955
Nutrition in Internal Medicine
Özçetin, M., & Dizdar, O. S. (2025) · Turkish Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.46310/tjim.1571069
Broadening perspectives on hypoglycemia diagnosis in non-diabetic patients
Jiménez, B. R., Varo, I. J., Ortega, F.-F. O., Muros, M. M., Fernández, F. S., & Martínez‐Brocca, M. A. (2025) · Endocrinología Diabetes y Nutrición · doi:10.1016/j.endinu.2025.501599
Belamkar, A. V., Shah, V. N., Patadia, P., Abfall, A., & Priscu, A. (2025) · JCEM Case Reports · doi:10.1210/jcemcr/luaf137
Broadening perspectives on hypoglycemia diagnosis in non-diabetic patients
Jiménez, B. R., Varo, I. J., Ortega, F.-F. O., Muros, M. M., Fernández, F. S., & Martínez‐Brocca, M. A. (2025) · Endocrinología Diabetes y Nutrición (English ed ) · doi:10.1016/j.endien.2025.501599
The Impact of Slow Energy Release Dietary Carbohydrates in Weight Management: A Mini-Review
Qi, X., & Tester, R. F. (2026) · Recent Progress in Nutrition · doi:10.21926/rpn.2603016
Oura, P., Koskela, R., & Vauhkonen, P. K. (2026) · Forensic Science International · doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2026.113118
Metadata
- Authors
- Kittah, N. E., & Vella, A.
- Affiliations
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Corresponding author
- Vella, Adrian
- ORCID
- Vella, Adrian
- Venue
- European Journal of Endocrinology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2017-07
- Volume
- 177
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- R37-R47
- ISSN
- 0804-4643 (ISSN-L)
- 1479-683X
- OpenAlex
- W2604577308
- Cited by
- 107
- References
- 121
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 1.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Journal of Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
- Keywords
- hypoglycemia, hypoglycemia management, Whipple's triad, insulinoma, post-bariatric hypoglycemia, insulin antibodies, drug-induced hypoglycemia, non-islet cell tumor hypoglycemia, factitious hypoglycemia, glucose regulation
- MeSH terms
- Diabetes Mellitus, Humans, Hypoglycemia, Pancreatic Neoplasms, Disease Management
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