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Classification and pathology of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms
Open accessAbstract
Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) are composed of cells with a neuroendocrine phenotype. The old and the new WHO classifications distinguish between well-differentiated and poorly differentiated neoplasms. All well-differentiated neoplasms, regardless of whether they behave benignly or develop metastases, will be called neuroendocrine tumours (NETs), and graded G1 (Ki67 <2%) or G2 (Ki67 2–20%). All poorly differentiated neoplasms will be termed neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) and graded G3 (Ki67 >20%). To stratify the GEP-NETs and GEP-NECs regarding their prognosis, they are now further classified according to TNM-stage systems that were recently proposed by the European Neuroendocrine Tumour Society (ENETS) and the AJCC/UICC. In the light of these criteria the pathology and biology of the various NETs and NECs of the gastrointestinal tract (including the oesophagus) and the pancreas are reviewed.
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Falconi, M., Eriksson, B., Kaltsas, G., Bartsch, D. K., Capdevila, J., Caplin, M., Kos-Kudla, B., Kwekkeboom, D., Rindi, G., Klöppel, G., et al. (2016) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000443171 · Cited by 1,362
Self-citationTang, L. H., Untch, B. R., Reidy, D. L., O'Reilly, E., Dhall, D., Jih, L., Basturk, O., Allen, P. J., & Klimstra, D. S. (2016) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-0548 · Cited by 352
Lee, L. C., Grant, C. S., Salomao, D. R., Fletcher, J. G., Takahashi, N., Fidler, J. L., Levy, M. J., & Huebner, M. (2012) · Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.surg.2012.08.038 · Cited by 269
Well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: from genetics to therapy
de Wilde, R. F., Edil, B. H., Hruban, R. H., & Maitra, A. (2012) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2012.9 · Cited by 122
Metadata
- Authors
- Klöppel, G.
- Venue
- Endocrine-Related Cancer
- Publisher
- Bioscientifica
- Published
- 2011-10
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- S1
- Pages
- S1-S16
- ISSN
- 1351-0088 (ISSN-L)
- 1479-6821
- OpenAlex
- W2101266491
- Cited by
- 336
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 17.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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