CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 134Thyroid Disorders and TreatmentsThyroid Cancer Diagnosis and TreatmentChemical Analysis and Environmental Impact

Local control of thyroid hormone action: role of type 2 deiodinase

Open access
Williams, Graham R, Bassett, J H Duncan·2011·Journal of Endocrinology
DOI 10.1530/joe-10-0448
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

The thyroid gland predominantly secretes the pro-hormone thyroxine (T 4 ) that is converted to the active hormone 3,5,3′- l -triiodothyronine (T 3 ) in target cells. Conversion of T 4 to T 3 is catalyzed by the type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase enzyme (DIO2), and T 3 action in target tissues is determined by DIO2-regulated local availability of T 3 to its nuclear receptors, TRα and TRβ. Studies of Dio2 knockout mice have revealed new and important roles for the enzyme during development and in adulthood in diverse tissues including the cochlea, skeleton, brown fat, pituitary, and hypothalamus. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms by which DIO2 controls intracellular T 3 availability and action.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1530/joe-10-0448

Cites

15 of 15 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 112

  1. Abel ED, Boers ME, Pazos-Moura C, Moura E, Kaulbach H, Zakaria M, Lowell B, Radovick S, Liberman MC & Wondisford F 1999 Divergent roles for thyroid hormone receptor beta isoforms in the endocrine axis and auditory system. Journal of Clinical Investigation 104 291-300. (doi:10.1172/ JCI6397) · DOI
  2. Appelhof BC, Peeters RP, Wiersinga WM, Visser TJ, Wekking EM, Huyser J, Schene AH, Tijssen JG, Hoogendijk WJ & Fliers E 2005 Polymorphisms in type 2 deiodinase are not associated with well-being, neurocognitive functioning, and preference for combined thyroxine/3,5,3 0 -triiodothyr- onine therapy. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 90 6296-6299. (doi:10.1210/jc.2005-0451) · DOI · Paper page
  3. Ballock RT & Reddi AH 1994 Thyroxine is the serum factor that regulates morphogenesis of columnar cartilage from isolated chondrocytes in chemically defined medium. Journal of Cell Biology 126 1311-1318. (doi:10.1083/jcb.126.5.1311) · DOI
  4. Bassett JH & Williams GR 2008 Critical role of the hypothalamic-pituitary- thyroid axis in bone. Bone 43 418-426. (doi:10.1016/j.bone.2008.05.007) · DOI
  5. Bassett JH, Boyde A, Howell PG, Bassett RH, Galliford TM, Archanco M, Evans H, Lawson MA, Croucher P, St Germain DL et al. 2010 Optimal bone strength and mineralization requires the type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase in osteoblasts. PNAS 107 7604-7609. (doi:10.1073/pnas.0911346107) · DOI
  6. Bates JM, St Germain DL & Galton VA 1999 Expression profiles of the three iodothyronine deiodinases, D1, D2, and D3, in the developing rat. Endocrinology 140 844-851. (doi:10.1210/en.140.2.844) · DOI
  7. Berry MJ, Grieco D, Taylor BA, Maia AL, Kieffer JD, Beamer W, Glover E, Poland A & Larsen PR 1993 Physiological and genetic analyses of inbred mouse strains with a type I iodothyronine 5 0 deiodinase deficiency. Journal of Clinical Investigation 92 1517-1528. (doi:10.1172/JCI116730) · DOI
  8. Bianco AC & Larsen PR 2005 Cellular and structural biology of the deiodinases. Thyroid 15 777-786. (doi:10.1089/thy.2005.15.777) · DOI
  9. Bohme K, Conscience-Egli M, Tschan T, Winterhalter KH & Bruckner P 1992 Induction of proliferation or hypertrophy of chondrocytes in serum- free culture: the role of insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin, or thyroxine. Journal of Cell Biology 116 1035-1042. (doi:10.1083/jcb.116.4.1035) · DOI
  10. Burmeister LA, Pachucki J & St Germain DL 1997 Thyroid hormones inhibit type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase in the rat cerebral cortex by both pre-and posttranslational mechanisms. Endocrinology 138 5231-5237. (doi:10.1210/ en.138.12.5231) · DOI
  11. Butler PW, Smith SM, Linderman JD, Brychta RJ, Alberobello AT, Dubaz OM, Luzon JA, Skarulis MC, Cochran CS, Wesley RA et al. 2010 The Thr92Ala 5 0 type 2 deiodinase gene polymorphism is associated with a delayed triiodothyronine secretion in response to the thyrotropin- releasing hormone-stimulation test: a pharmacogenomic study. Thyroid 20 1407-1412. (doi:10.1089/thy.2010.0244) · DOI
  12. Calvo R, Obregon MJ, Ruiz de Ona C, Escobar del Rey F & Morreale de Escobar G 1990 Congenital hypothyroidism, as studied in rats. Crucial role of maternal thyroxine but not of 3,5,3 0 -triiodothyronine in the protection of the fetal brain. Journal of Clinical Investigation 86 889-899. (doi:10.1172/ JCI114790) · DOI
  13. Campos-Barros A, Amma LL, Faris JS, Shailam R, Kelley MW & Forrest D 2000 Type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase expression in the cochlea before the onset of hearing. PNAS 97 1287-1292. (doi:10.1073/pnas.97.3.1287) · DOI
  14. Canani LH, Capp C, Dora JM, Meyer EL, Wagner MS, Harney JW, Larsen PR, Gross JL, Bianco AC & Maia AL 2005 The type 2 deiodinase A/G (Thr92Ala) polymorphism is associated with decreased enzyme velocity and increased insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 90 3472-3478. (doi:10.1210/ jc.2004-1977) · DOI
  15. Canani LH, Leie MA, Machado WE, Capp C & Maia AL 2007 Type 2 deiodinase Thr92Ala polymorphism is not associated with arterial hypertension in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Hypertension 49 e47. (doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.088278) · DOI
  16. Capelo LP, Beber EH, Huang SA, Zorn TM, Bianco AC & Gouveia CH 2008 Deiodinase-mediated thyroid hormone inactivation minimizes thyroid hormone signaling in the early development of fetal skeleton. Bone 43 921-930. (doi:10.1016/j.bone.2008.06.020) · DOI
  17. Chassande O 2003 Do unliganded thyroid hormone receptors have physiological functions? Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 31 9-20. (doi:10.1677/jme.0.0310009) · DOI
  18. Chassande O, Fraichard A, Gauthier K, Flamant F, Legrand C, Savatier P, Laudet V & Samarut J 1997 Identification of transcripts initiated from an internal promoter in the c-erbA alpha locus that encode inhibitors of retinoic acid receptor-alpha and triiodothyronine receptor activities. Molecular Endocrinology 11 1278-1290. (doi:10.1210/me.11.9.1278) · DOI
  19. Cheng SY, Leonard JL & Davis PJ 2010 Molecular aspects of thyroid hormone actions. Endocrine Reviews 31 139-170. (doi:10.1210/ er.2009-0007) · DOI · Paper page
  20. Christoffolete MA, Arrojo e Drigo R, Gazoni F, Tente SM, Goncalves V, Amorim BS, Larsen PR, Bianco AC & Zavacki AM 2007 Mice with impaired extrathyroidal thyroxine to 3,5,3 0 -triiodothyronine conversion maintain normal serum 3,5,3 0 -triiodothyronine concentrations. Endocrinology 148 954-960. (doi:10.1210/en.2006-1042) · DOI · Paper page
  21. Dentice M, Bandyopadhyay A, Gereben B, Callebaut I, Christoffolete MA, Kim BW, Nissim S, Mornon JP, Zavacki AM, Zeold A et al. 2005 The Hedgehog-inducible ubiquitin ligase subunit WSB-1 modulates thyroid hormone activation and PTHrP secretion in the developing growth plate. Nature Cell Biology 7 698-705. (doi:10.1038/ncb1272) · DOI · Paper page
  22. Dentice M, Marsili A, Ambrosio R, Guardiola O, Sibilio A, Paik JH, Minchiotti G, DePinho RA, Fenzi G, Larsen PR et al. 2010 The FoxO3/type 2 deiodinase pathway is required for normal mouse myogenesis and muscle regeneration. Journal of Clinical Investigation 120 4021-4030. (doi:10.1172/JCI43670) · DOI
  23. van der Deure WM, Peeters RP, Uitterlinden AG, Hofman A, Breteler MM, Witteman J & Visser TJ 2009 Impact of thyroid function and poly- morphisms in the type 2 deiodinase on blood pressure: the Rotterdam Study and the Rotterdam Scan Study. Clinical Endocrinology 71 137-144. (doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2008.03447.x) · DOI
  24. van der Deure WM, Peeters RP & Visser TJ 2010 Molecular aspects of thyroid hormone transporters, including MCT8, MCT10, and OATPs, and the effects of genetic variation in these transporters. Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 44 1-11. (doi:10.1677/JME-09-0042) · DOI · Paper page
  25. Dora JM, Machado WE, Rheinheimer J, Crispim D & Maia AL 2010 Association of the type 2 deiodinase Thr92Ala polymorphism with type 2 diabetes: case-control study and meta-analysis. European Journal of Endocrinology 163 427-434. (doi:10.1530/EJE-10-0419) · DOI
  26. Dreher I, Schutze N, Baur A, Hesse K, Schneider D, Kohrle J & Jakob F 1998 Selenoproteins are expressed in fetal human osteoblast-like cells. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 245 101-107. (doi:10.1006/bbrc. 1998.8393) · DOI
  27. Estivalet AA, Leiria LB, Dora JM, Rheinheimer J, Boucas AP, Maia AL & Crispim D 2010 D2 Thr92Ala and PPARgamma2 Pro12Ala polymorph- isms interact in the modulation of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients. Obesity. (doi:10.1038/oby.2010.231) · DOI
  28. Flamant F, Poguet AL, Plateroti M, Chassande O, Gauthier K, Streichenberger N, Mansouri A & Samarut J 2002 Congenital hypothyroid Pax8(K/K) mutant mice can be rescued by inactivating the TRalpha gene. Molecular Endocrinology 16 24-32. (doi:10.1210/me.16.1.24 · DOI
  29. Forrest D, Sjoberg M & Vennstrom B 1990 Contrasting developmental and tissue-specific expression of alpha and beta thyroid hormone receptor genes. EMBO Journal 9 1519-1528.
  30. Forrest D, Erway LC, Ng L, Altschuler R & Curran T 1996a Thyroid hormone receptor beta is essential for development of auditory function. Nature Genetics 13 354-357. (doi:10.1038/ng0796-354) · DOI
  31. Forrest D, Hanebuth E, Smeyne RJ, Everds N, Stewart CL, Wehner JM & Curran T 1996b Recessive resistance to thyroid hormone in mice lacking thyroid hormone receptor beta: evidence for tissue-specific modulation of receptor function. EMBO Journal 15 3006-3015.
  32. Friedrichsen S, Christ S, Heuer H, Schafer MK, Mansouri A, Bauer K & Visser TJ 2003 Regulation of iodothyronine deiodinases in the Pax8K/K mouse model of congenital hypothyroidism. Endocrinology 144 777-784. (doi:10.1210/en.2002-220715) · DOI
  33. Friesema EC, Ganguly S, Abdalla A, Manning Fox JE, Halestrap AP & Visser TJ 2003 Identification of monocarboxylate transporter 8 as a specific thyroid hormone transporter. Journal of Biological Chemistry 278 40128-40135. (doi:10.1074/jbc.M300909200) · DOI · Paper page
  34. Friesema EC, Jansen J, Milici C & Visser TJ 2005 Thyroid hormone transporters. Vitamins and Hormones 70 137-167. (doi:10.1016/S0083- 6729(05)70005-4) · DOI
  35. Friesema EC, Kuiper GG, Jansen J, Visser TJ & Kester MH 2006 Thyroid hormone transport by the human monocarboxylate transporter 8 and its rate-limiting role in intracellular metabolism. Molecular Endocrinology 20 2761-2772. (doi:10.1210/me.2005-0256) · DOI
  36. Galton VA, Wood ET, St Germain EA, Withrow CA, Aldrich G, St Germain GM, Clark AS & St Germain DL 2007 Thyroid hormone homeostasis and action in the type 2 deiodinase-deficient rodent brain during development. Endocrinology 148 3080-3088. (doi:10.1210/en.2006-1727) · DOI
  37. Gereben B, Zavacki AM, Ribich S, Kim BW, Huang SA, Simonides WS, Zeold A & Bianco AC 2008 Cellular and molecular basis of deiodinase- regulated thyroid hormone signaling. Endocrine Reviews 29 898-938. (doi:10.1210/er.2008-0019) · DOI · Paper page
  38. Gouveia CH, Christoffolete MA, Zaitune CR, Dora JM, Harney JW, Maia AL & Bianco AC 2005 Type 2 iodothyronine selenodeiodinase is expressed throughout the mouse skeleton and in the MC3T3-E1 mouse osteoblastic cell line during differentiation. Endocrinology 146 195-200. (doi:10.1210/en.2004-1043) · DOI
  39. Grarup N, Andersen MK, Andreasen CH, Albrechtsen A, Borch-Johnsen K, Jorgensen T, Auwerx J, Schmitz O, Hansen T & Pedersen O 2007 Studies of the common DIO2 Thr92Ala polymorphism and metabolic phenotypes in 7342 Danish white subjects. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 92 363-366. (doi:10.1210/jc.2006-1958) · DOI
  40. Grozovsky R, Ribich S, Rosene ML, Mulcahey MA, Huang SA, Patti ME, Bianco AC & Kim BW 2009 Type 2 deiodinase expression is induced by peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists in skeletal myocytes. Endocrinology 150 1976-1983. (doi:10.1210/en.2008-0938) · DOI
  41. Guadano-Ferraz A, Escamez MJ, Rausell E & Bernal J 1999 Expression of type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase in hypothyroid rat brain indicates an important role of thyroid hormone in the development of specific primary sensory systems. Journal of Neuroscience 19 3430-3439.
  42. Gumieniak O & Williams GH 2007 Response to type 2 deiodinase Thr92Ala polymorphism is not associated with arterial hypertension in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Hypertension 49 e48. (doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIO- NAHA.107.088559) · DOI
  43. Gumieniak O, Perlstein TS, Williams JS, Hopkins PN, Brown NJ, Raby BA & Williams GH 2007 Ala92 type 2 deiodinase allele increases risk for the development of hypertension. Hypertension 49 461-466. (doi:10.1161/01. HYP.0000256295.72185. · DOI
  44. Hall JA, Ribich S, Christoffolete MA, Simovic G, Correa-Medina M, Patti ME & Bianco AC 2010 Absence of thyroid hormone activation during development underlies a permanent defect in adaptive thermogenesis. Endocrinology 151 4573-4582. (doi:10.1210/en.2010-0511) · DOI
  45. Hanon EA, Lincoln GA, Fustin JM, Dardente H, Masson-Pevet M, Morgan PJ & Hazlerigg DG 2008 Ancestral TSH mechanism signals summer in a photoperiodic mammal. Current Biology 18 1147-1152. (doi:10.1016/j.cub. 2008.06.076) · DOI
  46. Harvey CB & Williams GR 2002 Mechanism of thyroid hormone action. Thyroid 12 441-446. (doi:10.1089/105072502760143791) · DOI
  47. Harvey CB, Bassett JH, Maruvada P, Yen PM & Williams GR 2007 The rat thyroid hormone receptor (TR) Deltabeta3 displays cell-, TR isoform-, and thyroid hormone response element-specific actions. Endocrinology 148 1764-1773. (doi:10.1210/en.2006-1248) · DOI
  48. Hashimoto K, Curty FH, Borges PP, Lee CE, Abel ED, Elmquist JK, Cohen RN & Wondisford FE 2001 An unliganded thyroid hormone receptor causes severe neurological dysfunction. PNAS 98 3998-4003. (doi:10. 1073/pnas.051454698) · DOI
  49. Heemstra KA, Hoftijzer HC, van der Deure WM, Peeters RP, Fliers E, Appelhof BC, Wiersinga WM, Corssmit EP, Visser TJ & Smit JW 2009a Thr92Ala polymorphism in the type 2 deiodinase is not associated with T 4 dose in athyroid patients or patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis. Clinical Endocrinology 71 279-283. (doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2008.03474.x · DOI · Paper page
  50. Heemstra KA, Soeters MR, Fliers E, Serlie MJ, Burggraaf J, van Doorn MB, van der Klaauw AA, Romijn JA, Smit JW, Corssmit EP et al. 2009b Type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase in skeletal muscle: effects of hypothyroidism and fasting. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 94 2144-2150. (doi:10.1210/jc.2008-2520) · DOI
  51. Heemstra KA, Hoftijzer H, van der Deure WM, Peeters RP, Hamdy NA, Pereira A, Corssmit EP, Romijn JA, Visser TJ & Smit JW 2010 The type 2 deiodinase Thr92Ala polymorphism is associated with increased bone turnover and decreased femoral neck bone mineral density. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 25 1385-1391. (doi:10.1002/jbmr.27 · DOI
  52. Hernandez A, Martinez ME, Fiering S, Galton VA & St Germain D 2006 Type 3 deiodinase is critical for the maturation and function of the thyroid axis. Journal of Clinical Investigation 116 476-484. (doi:10.1172/JCI26240) · DOI
  53. Hernandez A, Martinez ME, Liao XH, Van Sande J, Refetoff S, Galton VA & St Germain DL 2007 Type 3 deiodinase deficiency results in functional abnormalities at multiple levels of the thyroid axis. Endocrinology 148 5680-5687. (doi:10.1210/en.2007-0652) · DOI
  54. Heuer H 2007 The importance of thyroid hormone transporters for brain development and function. Best Practice and Research. Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 21 265-276. (doi:10.1016/j.beem.2007.03.003) · DOI
  55. Huang H, Cai L, Remo BF & Brown DD 2001 Timing of metamorphosis and the onset of the negative feedback loop between the thyroid gland and the pituitary is controlled by type II iodothyronine deiodinase in Xenopus laevis. PNAS 98 7348-7353. (doi:10.1073/pnas.131198998) · DOI
  56. de Jesus LA, Carvalho SD, Ribeiro MO, Schneider M, Kim SW, Harney JW, Larsen PR & Bianco AC 2001 The type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase is essential for adaptive thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue. Journal of Clinical Investigation 108 1379-1385.
  57. Jones I, Ng L, Liu H & Forrest D 2007 An intron control region differentially regulates expression of thyroid hormone receptor beta2 in the cochlea, pituitary, and cone photoreceptors. Molecular Endocrinology 21 1108-1119. (doi:10.1210/me.2007-0037) · DOI
  58. Kerkhof HJ, Lories RJ, Meulenbelt I, Jonsdottir I, Valdes AM, Arp P, Ingvarsson T, Jhamai M, Jonsson H, Stolk L et al. 2010 A genome-wide association study identifies an osteoarthritis susceptibility locus on chromosome 7q22. Arthritis and Rheumatism 62 499-510. (doi:10.1002/ art.27184) · DOI
  59. Kester MH, Martinez de Mena R, Obregon MJ, Marinkovic D, Howatson A, Visser TJ, Hume R & Morreale de Escobar G 2004 Iodothyronine levels in the human developing brain: major regulatory roles of iodothyronine deiodinases in different areas. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 89 3117-3128. (doi:10.1210/jc.2003-031832) · DOI
  60. Kopp P 2001 The TSH receptor and its role in thyroid disease. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 58 1301-1322. (doi:10.1007/PL00000941) · DOI
  61. Larsen PR 2009 Type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase in human skeletal muscle: new insights into its physiological role and regulation. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 94 1893-1895. (doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0791) · DOI
  62. LeBron BA, Pekary AE, Mirell C, Hahn TJ & Hershman JM 1989 Thyroid hormone 5 0 -deiodinase activity, nuclear binding, and effects on mitogenesis in UMR-106 osteoblastic osteosarcoma cells. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 4 173-178. (doi:10.1002/jbmr.5650040207) · DOI
  63. Lin KH, Fukuda T & Cheng SY 1990 Hormone and DNA binding activity of a purified human thyroid hormone nuclear receptor expressed in Escherichia coli. Journal of Biological Chemistry 265 5161-5165.
  64. Mai W, Janier MF, Allioli N, Quignodon L, Chuzel T, Flamant F & Samarut J 2004 Thyroid hormone receptor alpha is a molecular switch of cardiac function between fetal and postnatal life. PNAS 101 10332-10337. (doi:10.1073/pnas.0401843101) · DOI
  65. Maia AL, Kim BW, Huang SA, Harney JW & Larsen PR 2005 Type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase is the major source of plasma T 3 in euthyroid humans. Journal of Clinical Investigation 115 2524-2533. (doi:10.1172/ JCI25083) · DOI · Paper page
  66. Marsili A, Ramadan W, Harney JW, Mulcahey M, Castroneves LA, Goemann IM, Wajner SM, Huang SA, Zavacki AM, Maia AL et al. 2010 Type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase levels are higher in slow-twitch than fast-twitch mouse skeletal muscle and are increased in hypothyroidism. Endocrinology 151 5952-5960. (doi:10.1210/en.2010-0631) · DOI
  67. Mentuccia D, Thomas MJ, Coppotelli G, Reinhart LJ, Mitchell BD, Shuldiner AR & Celi FS 2005 The Thr92Ala deiodinase type 2 (DIO2) variant is not associated with type 2 diabetes or indices of insulin resistance in the old order of Amish. Thyroid 15 1223-1227. (doi:10. 1089/thy.2005.15.1223) · DOI
  68. Meulenbelt I, Min JL, Bos S, Riyazi N, Houwing-Duistermaat JJ, van der Wijk HJ, Kroon HM, Nakajima M, Ikegawa S, Uitterlinden AG et al. 2008 Identification of DIO2 as a new susceptibility locus for symptomatic osteoarthritis. Human Molecular Genetics 17 1867-1875. (doi:10.1093/hmg/ ddn082) · DOI
  69. Meulenbelt I, Bos SD, Chapman K, van der Breggen R, Houwing-Duistermaat JJ, Kremer D, Kloppenburg M, Carr A, Tsezou A, Gonzalez A et al. 2010 Meta-analyses of genes modulating intracellular T 3 bio-availability reveal a possible role for the DIO3 gene in osteoarthritis susceptibility. Annals of Rheumatic Disease 70 164-167. (doi:10.1136/ard.2010.133660) · DOI
  70. Morimura T, Tsunekawa K, Kasahara T, Seki K, Ogiwara T, Mori M & Murakami M 2005 Expression of type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase in human osteoblast is stimulated by thyrotropin. Endocrinology 146 2077-2084. (doi:10.1210/en.2004-1432) · DOI
  71. Morte B, Ceballos A, Diez D, Grijota-Martinez C, Dumitrescu AM, Di Cosmo C, Galton VA, Refetoff S & Bernal J 2010 Thyroid hormone- regulated mouse cerebral cortex genes are differentially dependent on the source of the hormone: a study in monocarboxylate transporter-8-and deiodinase-2-deficient mice. Endocrinology 151 2381-2387. (doi:10.1210/ en.2009-0944) · DOI
  72. Nakao N, Ono H, Yamamura T, Anraku T, Takagi T, Higashi K, Yasuo S, Katou Y, Kageyama S, Uno Y et al. 2008 Thyrotrophin in the pars tuberalis triggers photoperiodic response. Nature 452 317-322. (doi:10.1038/ nature06738) · DOI
  73. Ng L, Hurley JB, Dierks B, Srinivas M, Salto C, Vennstrom B, Reh TA & Forrest D 2001 A thyroid hormone receptor that is required for the development of green cone photoreceptors. Nature Genetics 27 94-98. (doi:10.1038/83829) · DOI
  74. Ng L, Goodyear RJ, Woods CA, Schneider MJ, Diamond E, Richardson GP, Kelley MW, Germain DL, Galton VA & Forrest D 2004 Hearing loss and retarded cochlear development in mice lacking type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase. PNAS 101 3474-3479. (doi:10.1073/pnas.0307402101) · DOI
  75. Ng L, Hernandez A, He W, Ren T, Srinivas M, Ma M, Galton VA, St Germain DL & Forrest D 2009 A protective role for type 3 deiodinase, a thyroid hormone-inactivating enzyme, in cochlear development and auditory function. Endocrinology 150 1952-1960. (doi:10.1210/en.2008-1419) · DOI
  76. Ono H, Hoshino Y, Yasuo S, Watanabe M, Nakane Y, Murai A, Ebihara S, Korf HW & Yoshimura T 2008 Involvement of thyrotropin in photoperiodic signal transduction in mice. PNAS 105 18238-18242. (doi:10.1073/pnas.0808952105) · DOI
  77. Peeters RP, van Toor H, Klootwijk W, de Rijke YB, Kuiper GG, Uitterlinden AG & Visser TJ 2003 Polymorphisms in thyroid hormone pathway genes are associated with plasma TSH and iodothyronine levels in healthy subjects. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 88 2880-2888. (doi:10.1210/jc.2002-021592) · DOI
  78. Peeters RP, van den Beld AW, Attalki H, Toor H, de Rijke YB, Kuiper GG, Lamberts SW, Janssen JA, Uitterlinden AG & Visser TJ 2005 A new polymorphism in the type II deiodinase gene is associated with circulating thyroid hormone parameters. American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism 289 E75-E81. (doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00571.2004) · DOI · Paper page
  79. Peeters RP, van der Deure WM, van den Beld AW, van Toor H, Lamberts SW, Janssen JA, Uitterlinden AG & Visser TJ 2007 The Asp727Glu polymorphism in the TSH receptor is associated with insulin resistance in healthy elderly men. Clinical Endocrinology 66 808-815. (doi:10.1111/ j.1365-2265.2007.02817.x · DOI
  80. Plateroti M, Gauthier K, Domon-Dell C, Freund JN, Samarut J & Chassande O 2001 Functional interference between thyroid hormone receptor alpha (TRalpha) and natural truncated TRDeltaalpha isoforms in the control of intestine development. Molecular and Cellular Biology 21 4761-4772. (doi:10.1128/MCB.21.14.4761-4772.2001) · DOI
  81. Revel FG, Saboureau M, Pevet P, Mikkelsen JD & Simonneaux V 2006 Melatonin regulates type 2 deiodinase gene expression in the Syrian hamster. Endocrinology 147 4680-4687. (doi:10.1210/en.2006-0606) · DOI
  82. Rusch A, Erway LC, Oliver D, Vennstrom B & Forrest D 1998 Thyroid hormone receptor beta-dependent expression of a potassium conductance in inner hair cells at the onset of hearing. PNAS 95 15758-15762. (doi:10. 1073/pnas.95.26.15758) · DOI
  83. Rusch A, Ng L, Goodyear R, Oliver D, Lisoukov I, Vennstrom B, Richardson G, Kelley MW & Forrest D 2001 Retardation of cochlear maturation and impaired hair cell function caused by deletion of all known thyroid hormone receptors. Journal of Neuroscience 21 9792-9800.
  84. Sachs LM, Damjanovski S, Jones PL, Li Q, Amano T, Ueda S, Shi YB & Ishizuya-Oka A 2000 Dual functions of thyroid hormone receptors during Xenopus development. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology 126 199-211. (doi:10.1016/S0305- 0491(00)00198-X) · DOI
  85. Sagar GD, Gereben B, Callebaut I, Mornon JP, Zeold A, da Silva WS, Luongo C, Dentice M, Tente SM, Freitas BC et al. 2007 Ubiquitination-induced conformational change within the deiodinase dimer is a switch regulating enzyme activity. Molecular and Cellular Biology 27 4774-4783. (doi:10.1128/ MCB.00283-07) · DOI · Paper page
  86. Sap J, Munoz A, Damm K, Goldberg Y, Ghysdael J, Leutz A, Beug H & Vennstrom B 1986 The c-erb-A protein is a high-affinity receptor for thyroid hormone. Nature 324 635-640. (doi:10.1038/324635a0) · DOI
  87. Schneider MJ, Fiering SN, Pallud SE, Parlow AF, St Germain DL & Galton VA 2001 Targeted disruption of the type 2 selenodeiodinase gene (DIO2) results in a phenotype of pituitary resistance to T 4 . Molecular Endocrinology 15 2137-2148. (doi:10.1210/me.15.12.2137) · DOI · Paper page
  88. Schneider MJ, Fiering SN, Thai B, Wu SY, St Germain E, Parlow AF, St Germain DL & Galton VA 2006 Targeted disruption of the type 1 selenodeiodinase gene (Dio1) results in marked changes in thyroid hormone economy in mice. Endocrinology 147 580-589. (doi:10.1210/en.2005-0739) · DOI · Paper page
  89. Schoenmakers CH, Pigmans IG, Poland A & Visser TJ 1993 Impairment of the selenoenzyme type I iodothyronine deiodinase in C3H/He mice. Endocrinology 132 357-361. (doi:10.1210/en.132.1.357) · DOI
  90. Steinsapir J, Bianco AC, Buettner C, Harney J & Larsen PR 2000 Substrate- induced down-regulation of human type 2 deiodinase (hD2) is mediated through proteasomal degradation and requires interaction with the enzyme's active center. Endocrinology 141 1127-1135. (doi:10.1210/en.141.3.1127) · DOI · Paper page
  91. Stevens DA, Hasserjian RP, Robson H, Siebler T, Shalet SM & Williams GR 2000 Thyroid hormones regulate hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation and expression of parathyroid hormone-related peptide and its receptor during endochondral bone formation. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 15 2431-2442. (doi:10.1359/jbmr.2000.15.12.2431) · DOI
  92. St Germain DL, Galton VA & Hernandez A 2009 Minireview: defining the roles of the iodothyronine deiodinases: current concepts and challenges. Endocrinology 150 1097-1107. (doi:10.1210/en.2008-1588) · DOI
  93. Torlontano M, Durante C, Torrente I, Crocetti U, Augello G, Ronga G, Montesano T, Travascio L, Verrienti A, Bruno R et al. 2008 Type 2 deiodinase polymorphism (threonine 92 alanine) predicts L-thyroxine dose to achieve target thyrotropin levels in thyroidectomized patients. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 93 910-913. (doi:10.1210/jc.2007- 1067) · DOI · Paper page
  94. Tu HM, Legradi G, Bartha T, Salvatore D, Lechan RM & Larsen PR 1999 Regional expression of the type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase messenger ribonucleic acid in the rat central nervous system and its regulation by thyroid hormone. Endocrinology 140 784-790. (doi:10.1210/en.140.2.784) · DOI
  95. Venero C, Guadano-Ferraz A, Herrero AI, Nordstrom K, Manzano J, de Escobar GM, Bernal J & Vennstrom B 2005 Anxiety, memory impairment, and locomotor dysfunction caused by a mutant thyroid hormone receptor alpha1 can be ameliorated by T 3 treatment. Genes and Development 19 2152-2163. (doi:10.1101/gad.346105) · DOI
  96. Vestergaard P & Mosekilde L 2002 Fractures in patients with hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism: a nationwide follow-up study in 16,249 patients. Thyroid 12 411-419. (doi:10.1089/105072502760043503) · DOI · Paper page
  97. Vestergaard P, Rejnmark L & Mosekilde L 2005 Influence of hyper-and hypothyroidism, and the effects of treatment with antithyroid drugs and levothyroxine on fracture risk. Calcified Tissue International 77 139-144. (doi:10.1007/s00223-005-0068-x) · DOI · Paper page
  98. Wakita R, Izumi T & Itoman M 1998 Thyroid hormone-induced chondrocyte terminal differentiation in rat femur organ culture. Cell Tissue Research 293 357-364. (doi:10.1007/s004410051127) · DOI
  99. Wallis K, Sjogren M, van Hogerlinden M, Silberberg G, Fisahn A, Nordstrom K, Larsson L, Westerblad H, Morreale de Escobar G, Shupliakov O et al. 2008 Locomotor deficiencies and aberrant development of subtype-specific GABAergic interneurons caused by an unliganded thyroid hormone receptor alpha1. Journal of Neuroscience 28 1904-1915. (doi:10.1523/ JNEUROSCI.5163-07.2008) · DOI
  100. Wang YY, Morimoto S, Du CK, Lu QW, Zhan DY, Tsutsumi T, Ide T, Miwa Y, Takahashi-Yanaga F & Sasaguri T 2010 Up-regulation of type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase in dilated cardiomyopathy. Cardiovascular Research 87 636-646. (doi:10.1093/cvr/cvq133) · DOI
  101. Wasco EC, Martinez E, Grant KS, St Germain EA, St Germain DL & Galton VA 2003 Determinants of iodothyronine deiodinase activities in rodent uterus. Endocrinology 144 4253-4261. (doi:10.1210/en.2003-0490) · DOI
  102. Watanabe M, Yasuo S, Watanabe T, Yamamura T, Nakao N, Ebihara S & Yoshimura T 2004 Photoperiodic regulation of type 2 deiodinase gene in Djungarian hamster: possible homologies between avian and mammalian photoperiodic regulation of reproduction. Endocrinology 145 1546-1549. (doi:10.1210/en.2003-1593) · DOI
  103. Watanabe M, Houten SM, Mataki C, Christoffolete MA, Kim BW, Sato H, Messaddeq N, Harney JW, Ezaki O, Kodama T et al. 2006 Bile acids induce energy expenditure by promoting intracellular thyroid hormone activation. Nature 439 484-489. (doi:10.1038/nature04330) · DOI · Paper page
  104. Weinberger C, Thompson CC, Ong ES, Lebo R, Gruol DJ & Evans RM 1986 The c-erb-A gene encodes a thyroid hormone receptor. Nature 324 641-646. (doi:10.1038/324641a0) · DOI
  105. Williams GR 2000 Cloning and characterization of two novel thyroid hormone receptor beta isoforms. Molecular and Cellular Biology 20 8329-8342. (doi:10.1128/MCB.20.22.8329-8342.2000) · DOI
  106. Williams AJ, Robson H, Kester MH, van Leeuwen JP, Shalet SM, Visser TJ & Williams GR 2008 Iodothyronine deiodinase enzyme activities in bone. Bone 43 126-134. (doi:10.1016/j.bone.2008.03.019) · DOI
  107. Yasuo S, Watanabe M, Nakao N, Takagi T, Follett BK, Ebihara S & Yoshimura T 2005 The reciprocal switching of two thyroid hormone- activating and -inactivating enzyme genes is involved in the photoperiodic gonadal response of Japanese quail. Endocrinology 146 2551-2554. (doi:10.1210/en.2005-0057) · DOI
  108. Yasuo S, Nakao N, Ohkura S, Iigo M, Hagiwara S, Goto A, Ando H, Yamamura T, Watanabe M, Watanabe T et al. 2006 Long-day suppressed expression of type 2 deiodinase gene in the mediobasal hypothalamus of the Saanen goat, a short-day breeder: implication for seasonal window of thyroid hormone action on reproductive neuroendocrine axis. Endocrinology 147 432-440. (doi:10.1210/ en.2005-0507) · DOI
  109. Yasuo S, Watanabe M, Iigo M, Nakamura TJ, Watanabe T, Takagi T, Ono H, Ebihara S & Yoshimura T 2007 Differential response of type 2 deiodinase gene expression to photoperiod between photoperiodic Fischer 344 and nonphotoperiodic Wistar rats. American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 292 R1315-R1319. (doi:10. 1152/ajpregu.00396.2006) · DOI
  110. Yoshimura T 2010 Neuroendocrine mechanism of seasonal reproduction in birds and mammals. Animal Science Journal 81 403-410. (doi:10.1111/j. 1740-0929.2010.00777.x · DOI
  111. Yoshimura T, Yasuo S, Watanabe M, Iigo M, Yamamura T, Hirunagi K & Ebihara S 2003 Light-induced hormone conversion of T 4 to T 3 regulates photoperiodic response of gonads in birds. Nature 426 178-181. (doi:10. 1038/nature02117) · DOI
  112. Zavacki AM, Arrojo EDR, Freitas BC, Chung M, Harney JW, Egri P, Wittmann G, Fekete C, Gereben B & Bianco AC 2009 The E3 ubiquitin ligase TEB4 mediates degradation of type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase. Molecular and Cellular Biology 29 5339-5347. (doi:10.1128/ MCB.01498-08) · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Williams, G. R., & Bassett, J. H. D.
Affiliations
Hammersmith Hospital (GB)
Corresponding author
Williams, Graham R
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Endocrinology
Publisher
Bioscientifica
Published
2011-02-03
Volume
209
Issue
3
Pages
261-272
ISSN
  • 0022-0795 (ISSN-L)
  • 1479-6805
DOI
10.1530/joe-10-0448
OpenAlex
W2330595498
Cited by
134
References
15
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 12
FWCI
1.88
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Directorate for Biological Sciences
  • Medical Research Council
  • Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBlF021704, BB/F021704/1)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Chemical Analysis and Environmental Impact
Keywords
type 2 deiodinase, DIO2, thyroid hormone action, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, TRα, thyroid hormone receptor beta, thyroid hormone metabolism, histogenesis
MeSH terms
Iodothyronine Deiodinase Type II, Hemostasis, Humans, Iodide Peroxidase, Thyroid Hormones, Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review