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Cited by 309Postharvest Quality and Shelf Life ManagementPlant Molecular Biology ResearchPlant biochemistry and biosynthesis

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 98 of the 98 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

A Combinatorial Interplay Among the 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Isoforms Regulates Ethylene Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana

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Tsuchisaka, Atsunari, Yu, Guixia, Jin, Hailing, Alonso, Jose M, Ecker, Joseph R, Zhang, Xiaoming, Gao, Shang, Theologis, Athanasios·2009·Genetics
DOI 10.1534/genetics.109.107102PMC PMC2778992
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Abstract

Ethylene (C(2)H(4)) is a unique plant-signaling molecule that regulates numerous developmental processes. The key enzyme in the two-step biosynthetic pathway of ethylene is 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS), which catalyzes the conversion of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) to ACC, the precursor of ethylene. To understand the function of this important enzyme, we analyzed the entire family of nine ACS isoforms (ACS1, ACS2, ACS4-9, and ACS11) encoded in the Arabidopsis genome. Our analysis reveals that members of this protein family share an essential function, because individual ACS genes are not essential for Arabidopsis viability, whereas elimination of the entire gene family results in embryonic lethality. Phenotypic characterization of single and multiple mutants unmasks unique but overlapping functions of the various ACS members in plant developmental events, including multiple growth characteristics, flowering time, response to gravity, disease resistance, and ethylene production. Ethylene acts as a repressor of flowering by regulating the transcription of the FLOWERING LOCUS C. Each single and high order mutant has a characteristic molecular phenotype with unique and overlapping gene expression patterns. The expression of several genes involved in light perception and signaling is altered in the high order mutants. These results, together with the in planta ACS interaction map, suggest that ethylene-mediated processes are orchestrated by a combinatorial interplay among ACS isoforms that determines the relative ratio of homo- and heterodimers (active or inactive) in a spatial and temporal manner. These subunit isoforms comprise a combinatorial code that is a central regulator of ethylene production during plant development. The lethality of the null ACS mutant contrasts with the viability of null mutations in key components of the ethylene signaling apparatus, strongly supporting the view that ACC, the precursor of ethylene, is a primary regulator of plant growth and development.

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Research works printed but not linked: 5

  1. 2008, Plant J., 57, 606
  2. 2002, Mol. Cell, 9, 1694
  3. 2007, Nat. Rev. Genet., 8, 217
  4. 1901, Beith. Bot. Zentralbl., 10, 128
  5. 2006, Plant Cell, 18, 1123

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Metadata

Authors
Tsuchisaka, A., Yu, G., Jin, H., Alonso, J. M., Ecker, J. R., Zhang, X., Gao, S., & Theologis, A.
Affiliations
  • Plant Gene Expression Center (US)
  • University of California, Riverside (US)
  • Salk Institute for Biological Studies , La Jolla, California 92037
  • Salk Institute for Biological Studies (US)
  • Plant Gene Expression Center , Albany, California 94710
ORCID
Venue
Genetics
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2009-11-01
Volume
183
Issue
3
Pages
979-1003
ISSN
  • 0016-6731 (ISSN-L)
  • 1943-2631
DOI
10.1534/genetics.109.107102
PMC
PMC2778992
OpenAlex
W2104743494
Cited by
309
References
98
Citations by year
2026: 13 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 15
FWCI
17.40
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
Locations
  • Genetics (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Postharvest Quality and Shelf Life Management
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Molecular Biology Research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis
Keywords
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase, ethylene production, Arabidopsis thaliana, gene family, embryonic lethality, flowering time, FLOWERING LOCUS C, heterodimerization, protein interaction maps, light signaling, disease resistance, gravity response, plant development
MeSH terms
Amino Acids, Cyclic, Epistasis, Genetic, Ethylenes, Genetic Complementation Test, Isoenzymes, Lyases, Mutation, Plant Diseases, S-Adenosylmethionine, Time Factors, Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic, Arabidopsis, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Genome, Plant, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Gene Expression Profiling, Arabidopsis Proteins, Plants, Genetically Modified, Flowers

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