The burden of diabetes mellitus among US youth: prevalence estimates from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study
Abstract
OBJECTIVE. Our goal was to estimate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in youth <20 years of age in 2001 in the United States, according to age, gender, race/ethnicity, and diabetes type. METHODS. The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study is a 6-center observational study conducting population-based ascertainment of physician-diagnosed diabetes in youth. Census-based denominators for 4 geographically based centers and enrollment data for 2 health plan-based centers were used to calculate prevalence. Age-, gender-, and racial/ethnic group-specific prevalence rates were multiplied by US population counts to estimate the total number of US youth with diabetes. RESULTS. We identified 6379 US youth with diabetes in 2001, in a population of ∼3.5 million. Crude prevalence was estimated as 1.82 cases per 1000 youth, being much lower for youth 0 to 9 years of age (0.79 cases per 1000 youth) than for those 10 to 19 years of age (2.80 cases per 1000 youth). Non-Hispanic white youth had the highest prevalence (1.06 cases per 1000 youth) in the younger group. Among 10- to 19-year-old youth, black youth (3.22 cases per 1000 youth) and non-Hispanic white youth (3.18 cases per 1000 youth) had the highest rates, followed by American Indian youth (2.28 cases per 1000 youth), Hispanic youth (2.18 cases per 1000 youth), and Asian/Pacific Islander youth (1.34 cases per 1000 youth). Among younger children, type 1 diabetes accounted for ≥80% of diabetes; among older youth, the proportion of type 2 diabetes ranged from 6% (0.19 cases per 1000 youth for non-Hispanic white youth) to 76% (1.74 cases per 1000 youth for American Indian youth). We estimated that 154369 youth had physician-diagnosed diabetes in 2001 in the United States. CONCLUSIONS. The overall prevalence estimate for diabetes in children and adolescents was ∼0.18%. Type 2 diabetes was found in all racial/ethnic groups but generally was less common than type 1, except in American Indian youth.
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In SEARCH, type 1 diabetes prevalence was 2.28 per 1,000 in youth under 20 years, corresponding to 5,399 cases in a population of about 3.5 million.
“In the SEARCH study, the prevalence of T1D was 2.28/1000 in youth less than age 20 years or 5,399 cases in a population of ~3.5 million2.”
From Epidemiology of type 1 diabetes (2010) · cites this paper as [2]
Type 1 diabetes is the major diabetes type in youth, accounting for at least 85% of all diabetes cases in youth under 20 years worldwide.
“T1D is the major type of diabetes in youth, accounting for ≥85% of all diabetes cases in youth < 20 years of age worldwide 2,21,22.”
From Epidemiology of type 1 diabetes (2010) · cites this paper as [2]
Among children under 10 years, type 1 diabetes accounted for almost all reported diabetes cases, whereas in youth 10-19 years the proportion with type 2 diabetes ranged from 6% in non-Hispanic whites to 76% in American Indians.
“Among children <10 years of age, T1D accounted for almost all of the reported cases of diabetes, whereas in youth ages 10–19 years, the proportion with T2D out of the total sample of youth with diabetes ranged from 6% (in non-Hispanic whites) to 76% (in American Indians).”
From Epidemiology of type 1 diabetes (2010) · cites this paper as [2]
Type 1 diabetes has historically been and remains the most common diabetes type in children and adolescents, though type 2 diabetes is increasingly diagnosed in youth.
“T1D has been historically, and continues to be, the most common type of diabetes in children and adolescents, although type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasingly diagnosed in youth2,3.”
From Epidemiology of type 1 diabetes (2010) · cites this paper as [2]
Type 2 diabetes is becoming more frequent among adolescents and young adults in parallel with the obesity epidemic.
“In parallel with the obesity epidemic, type 2 diabetes is becoming more frequent among adolescents and young adults (12,13)”
From Diabetes and Cancer (2010) · cites this paper as [13]
Type 2 diabetes remains rare in the general adolescent population.
“The incidence of type 2 diabetes in adolescents has increased dramatically in the last decade, especially in minority populations (20), although the disease remains rare in the general adolescent population (21).”
From Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2009 (2009) · cites this paper as [21]
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References 32 · Cited by 726
- Authors
- SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study Group
- Corresponding author
- SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study Group
- Venue
- Pediatrics
- Publisher
- American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
- Published
- 2006-10-01
- Volume
- 118
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1510-1518
- ISSN
- 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-4275
- OpenAlex
- W2122199148
- Cited by
- 726
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 52 · 2014: 53 · 2013: 84 · 2012: 65
- FWCI
- 27.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Center for Research Resources (M01RR008084, M01RR001271, M01 RR00069, M01 RR-01070, M01RR001070, M01-RR 00037, M01RR000069, M01RR000037, M01-RR-08084)
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (U01 DP-000247, U01-DP000246, U01-DP-000250, U01-DP-000254, U01DP000245, U01 DP000248, DP-05069, U01DP000244)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- diabetes mellitus, youth, children and adolescents, prevalence, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth, racial and ethnic disparities, age differences, United States, disease burden, diabetes epidemiology, Native American youth, Latino youth, Black youth
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, United States, Prevalence, Cost of Illness
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