The DOI matches its Crossref record; 134 of the 134 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Influences on children’s oral health: A conceptual model
Abstract
OBJECTIVES. Despite marked improvements over the past century, oral health in America is a significant problem: caries is the most common chronic disease of childhood. Much oral health research examines influences primarily in the oral cavity or focuses on a limited number of individual-level factors. The purpose of this article was to present a more encompassing conceptual model of the influences on children's oral health. METHODS. The conceptual model presented here was derived from the population health and social epidemiology fields, which have moved toward multilevel, holistic approaches to analyze the complex and interactive causes of children's health problems. It is based on a comprehensive review of major population and oral health literatures. RESULTS. A multilevel conceptual model is described, with the individual, family, and community levels of influence on oral health outcomes. This model incorporates the 5 key domains of determinants of health as identified in the population health literature: genetic and biological factors, the social environment, the physical environment, health behaviors, and dental and medical care. The model recognizes the presence of a complex interplay of causal factors. Last, the model incorporates the aspect of time, recognizing the evolution of oral health diseases (eg, caries) and influences on the child-host over time. CONCLUSIONS. This conceptual model represents a starting point for thinking about children's oral health. The model incorporates many of the important breakthroughs by social epidemiologists over the past 25 years by including a broad range of genetic, social, and environmental risk factors; multiple pathways by which they operate; a time dimension; the notion of differential susceptibility and resilience; and a multilevel approach. The study of children's oral health from a global perspective remains largely in its infancy and is poised for additional development. This work can help inform how best to approach and improve children's oral health.
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“At the structural level, access barriers, poverty, rurality, and historic inequities influence both risk and the ability to complete timely treatment.”
From Equity or Two-Tier Care? Guardrails for Silver Diamine Fluoride and Delegated Early Childhood Caries Pathways (2026) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“Early childhood caries (ECC) is widely understood as a multifactorial disease that arises from interactions among biological, behavioral, and structural determinants.”
From Equity or Two-Tier Care? Guardrails for Silver Diamine Fluoride and Delegated Early Childhood Caries Pathways (2026) · cites this paper as [1]
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Pitts, N. B., Zero, D. T., Marsh, P. D., Ekstrand, K., Weintraub, J. A., Ramos-Gomez, F., Tagami, J., Twetman, S., Tsakos, G., & Ismail, A. (2017) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/nrdp.2017.30 · Cited by 1,823
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“A longitudinal component is needed to measure the influence of time and the elements related to oral health at a variety of levels — individual, family, and community.(12) Complementary public health approaches, such as strategy development, organizational change, community action, and legislation,(62,74) focusing on…”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Fisher-Owens, S. A., Gansky, S. A., Platt, L. J., Weintraub, J. A., Soobader, M.-J., Bramlett, M. D., & Newacheck, P. W.
- Affiliations
- Department of Pediatrics
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Statworks, Boston, Massachusetts
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Venue
- Pediatrics
- Publisher
- American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
- Published
- 2007-09-01
- Volume
- 120
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- e510-e520
- ISSN
- 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-4275
- OpenAlex
- W2039971937
- Semantic Scholar
- 26d7508015c25539bc2679c72746d3458dd6f669
- Cited by
- 864
- References
- 134
- Citations by year
- 2026: 50 · 2025: 58 · 2024: 79 · 2023: 57 · 2022: 83 · 2021: 77 · 2020: 63 · 2019: 57 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 53 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 58 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 36
- FWCI
- 9.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (R03 DE165701, R03DE016571, U54DE014251)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › General Dentistry › Dental Health and Care Utilization
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Child and Adolescent Health
- Keywords
- children's oral health, dental caries, conceptual model, multilevel analysis, social determinants of health, family and community influence, social environment, physical environment, health behavior, access to dental care, health care, differential susceptibility, resilience, temporal dimension
- MeSH terms
- Anthropometry, Child, Child Development, Disease Susceptibility, Family, Humans, Insurance, Dental, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Models, Biological, Oral Health, Oral Hygiene, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Social Environment, Socioeconomic Factors, Health Behavior, Dental Care for Children, Racial Groups
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