The DOI matches its Crossref record; 58 of the 59 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in Midadult Life: The Role of Childhood Adversity
Abstract
OBJECTIVE. Child abuse has been associated with poorer physical health in adulthood, but less is known about childhood adversity more broadly, including neglect and family problems, or the pathways from adversity to adult disease. We have examined how different stressful emotional or neglectful childhood adversities are related to adiposity and glucose control in midadulthood, taking into account childhood factors, and whether the relationships are mediated by adult health behaviors and socioeconomic position. METHODS. This was a prospective longitudinal study of 9310 members of the 1958 British birth cohort who participated in a biomedical interview at 45 years of age. Primary outcomes consisted of continuous measures of BMI, waist circumference, and glycosylated hemoglobin at 45 years and categorical indicators: total obesity (BMI ≥ 30), central obesity (waist circumference: ≥102 cm for men and ≥88 cm for women), and glycosylated hemoglobin level of ≥6. RESULTS. The risk of obesity increased by 20% to 50% for several adversities (physical abuse, verbal abuse, witnessed abuse, humiliation, neglect, strict upbringing, physical punishment, conflict or tension, low parental aspirations or interest in education, hardly takes outings with parents, and father hardly reads to child). Adversities with the strongest associations with adiposity (eg, physical abuse) tended to be associated with glycosylated hemoglobin levels of ≥6, but in most cases associations were explained by adjustment for adulthood mediators such as adiposity. Effects of other adversities reflecting less severe emotional neglect and family environment were largely explained by childhood socioeconomic factors. CONCLUSIONS. Some childhood adversities increase the risk of obesity in adulthood and thereby increase the risk for type 2 diabetes. Research is needed to understand the interrelatedness of adversities, the social context of their occurrence, and trajectories from adversity to adult disease.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Interest in metabolic embedding of ELA stems from epidemiological [1, 69] and clinical [70] studies linking ELA to obesity, dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes, raising questions about possible causal pathways.”
From Biological embedding of childhood adversity: from physiological mechanisms to clinical implications (2017) · cites this paper as [69]
Citations
Cites
A heteroskedasticity-consistent covariance matrix estimator and a direct test for heteroskedasticity
White, H. (1980) · Econometrica · doi:10.2307/1912934 · Cited by 25,861
Felitti, V. J., Anda, R. F., Nordenberg, D., Williamson, D. F., Spitz, A. M., Edwards, V., Koss, M. P., & Marks, J. S. (1998) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(98)00017-8 · Cited by 18,943
Wild, S., Roglic, G., Green, A., Sicree, R., & King, H. (2004) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.27.5.1047 · Cited by 15,297
Obesity : Preventing and managing the global epidemic
Akram, D. S., Astrup, A. V., Atinmo, T., Boissin, J.-L., Bray, G. A., Carroll, K. N., Chitson, P., Chen, C., Dietz, W. H., Hill, J. O., et al. (2000) · Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) · Cited by 12,945
What's wrong with Bonferroni adjustments
Perneger, T. V. (1998) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.316.7139.1236 · Cited by 5,900
Anda, R. F., Felitti, V. J., Bremner, J. D., Walker, J. D., Whitfield, C., Perry, B. D., Dube, S. R., & Giles, W. H. (2006) · European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-005-0624-4 · Cited by 4,292
Adjusting for multiple testing—when and how?
Bender, R., & Lange, S. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(00)00314-0 · Cited by 3,168
Validity of adult retrospective reports of adverse childhood experiences: review of the evidence
Hardt, J., & Rutter, M. (2004) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00218.x · Cited by 2,827
The interrelatedness of multiple forms of childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction
Dong, M., Anda, R. F., Felitti, V. J., Dube, S. R., Williamson, D. F., Thompson, T. J., Loo, C. M., & Giles, W. H. (2004) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2004.01.008 · Cited by 1,679
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Smoking During Adolescence and Adulthood
Anda, R. F. (1999) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.282.17.1652 · Cited by 1,256
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Rothman KJ, Greenland S. Modern Epidemiology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 1998
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–329 of 329
Abuse, Neglect, and Maltreatment of Infants
Fallon, B., Jenkins, J. M., Akbari, S. C., & Joh-Carnella, N. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809324-5.05758-8
COMMENT AND DEBATE Social-biological transitions: how does the social become biological?
Blane, D., Kelly‐Irving, M., Bartley, M., & Montgomery, S. (2013)
Understanding the Relationship of Pregnancy Weight and Weight Change with Infant and Child Health
Leonard, S. A. (2017) · eScholarship (California Digital Library)
Assessment of Policies and Programs That Apply Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study Research
Tajik, R. (2018) · Digital Archive @ GSU · doi:10.57709/12548398
Ogollah, R. O. (2010) · Bournemouth University Research Online (Bournemouth University)
Hemady, C. L., Wong, S. C., Thurston, C., Fry, D. A., Murray, A. L., & Meinck, F. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-457143/v1
Processo inflamatório decorrente da obesidade corroborado a anormalidades cerebrais
de Figueiredo, B. Q., Moreira, A. C. D. B., Melo, A. L. D. C., Coury, B. F., Cabral, D. A. C., Durante, G., Carvalho, J. P. D. M., Oliveira, L. S., Miranda, L. D., & dos Santos, S. C. (2021) · Research Society and Development · doi:10.33448/rsd-v10i11.19530
Saad, S. M., Iwundu, C., Ibrahim, M. S., Randhawa, G., & Pang, D. (2022) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s308620
OECD (2012) · doi:10.1787/9789264169982-ko
Classification in Couples and Families
Foran, H. M., & Restle, L. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-49425-8_385
A Prevalence-Based Approach to Societal Costs Occurring in Consequence of Child Abuse and Neglect
Habetha, S., Bleich, S., Weidenhammer, J., & Fegert, J. M. (2015) · Apple Academic Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b18768-5
González, A., Boyle, M. H., Georgiades, K., Duncan, L., Atkinson, L. R., & MacMillan, H. L. (2021) · doi:10.32920/14638953
Classification in Couples and Families
Foran, H. M., & Restle, L. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-15877-8_385-1
Lenz, A., & Taubner, S. (2019) · Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie · doi:10.13109/prkk.2019.68.1.2
González, A., Boyle, M. H., Georgiades, K., Duncan, L., Atkinson, L. R., & MacMillan, H. L. (2021) · doi:10.32920/14638953.v1
Raimes, J. (2013) · Longitudinal and Life Course Studies · doi:10.14301/llcs.v4i2.257
Adverse Childhood Experiences and the Cardiovascular Health of Children: A Cross-Sectional Study
Pretty, C., O’Leary, D. D., Cairney, J., & Wade, T. J. (2015) · Apple Academic Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b18313-16
Hemady, C. L., Wong, S. C., Thurston, C., Fry, D. A., Murray, A. L., & Meinck, F. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-457143/v2
Straub, R. H. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-65238-1_4
Folgeprobleme nach frühen traumatischen Erlebnissen
Straub, R. H. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-65238-1_3
Chronic Immune System Activation
Straub, R. H. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-66751-4_4
Consequences of Early Traumatic Experiences
Straub, R. H. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-66751-4_3
Somatische en psychische gevolgen van kindermishandeling
Teeuw, A. H., & Lindauer, R. (2024) · Bohn Stafleu van Loghum eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-90-368-2960-1_44
Omisakin, O. A., Park, H., Schwartz, S., Noll, J. G., Buxton, O. M., Márquez-Velarde, G., Lim, S., & Reither, E. N. (2025) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/jora.70025
Socioeconomic mediators of the effect of resilience on cardiometabolic biomarkers in the UK BiobankPreprint
Pflanz, C. P., Gallacher, J., & Bauermeister, S. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-6990489/v1
Obikane, E., Nishino, T., Sonehara, H., Uematsu, S., Yamana, H., Isumi, A., Yamaoka, Y., 藤原武男, & Okubo, Y. (2026) · Pediatrics International · doi:10.1111/ped.70430
Sun, Q., Li, S., Wang, Y., Dai, E., Liu, L., liu, Y., & Wen, D. (2026) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2026.108711
Metadata
- Authors
- Thomas, C., Hyppönen, E., & Power, C.
- Affiliations
- University College London (GB)
- Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Corresponding author
- Thomas, Claudia
- Venue
- Pediatrics
- Publisher
- American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
- Published
- 2008-05-01
- Volume
- 121
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- e1240-e1249
- ISSN
- 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-4275
- OpenAlex
- W2106821860
- Cited by
- 330
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 22.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (PHCS/C4/4/016)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
- Keywords
- childhood adversity, childhood abuse, child neglect, type 2 diabetes risk, obesity, adiposity, abdominal obesity, HbA1c, glycemic control, physical abuse, verbal abuse, humiliation, parenting, family environment, socioeconomic position, 1958 British birth cohort
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Child, Child Abuse, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Family Relations, Female, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Cohort Studies, Body Mass Index, Child of Impaired Parents, Parenting, Adult Survivors of Child Abuse
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
