Cited by 119Traumatic Brain Injury ResearchTraumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular DisturbancesAutomotive and Human Injury Biomechanics

Intellectual, behavioral, and social outcomes of accidental traumatic brain injury in early childhood

Crowe, L. M., Catroppa, C., Babl, F. E., Anderson, V.·2012·PEDIATRICS

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The intellectual, behavioral, and social function of children who sustained traumatic brain injury (TBI) before 3 years of age were compared with a group of uninjured children. The role of injury and environmental factors in recovery was examined. METHODS: A group of 53 children who sustained a TBI before 3 years of age (20 mild and 33 moderate/severe) and 27 uninjured children (control group) were assessed on an IQ measure and parent measures of behavior and social skills. Children were aged 4 to 6 years and were an average of 40 months since sustaining their injury. RESULTS: There were no demographic differences between the groups. Although all group scores were in the average range, children with moderate/severe TBI performed significantly below uninjured children on an IQ measure. No significant differences were found on parent behavior ratings, although effect sizes between groups were medium to large. No differences were found for social skills. All outcomes were significantly influenced by environmental but not injury factors. CONCLUSIONS: Moderate/severe TBI at an early age appears to be associated with lowered intellectual function and possibly behavior problems. A child's environment influences cognitive and behavior function after TBI.

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Crossref · 10.1542/peds.2011-0438

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Authors
Crowe, L. M., Catroppa, C., Babl, F. E., & Anderson, V.
Affiliations
  • The University of Melbourne (AU)
  • Royal Children's Hospital (AU)
Venue
PEDIATRICS
Published
2012-01-23
Volume
129
Issue
2
Pages
e262-e268
ISSN
  • 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
  • 1098-4275
OpenAlex
W2043771812
Cited by
119
References
43
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 7
FWCI
8.11
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
State Government of Victoria
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Automotive and Human Injury Biomechanics
Keywords
traumatic brain injury, early childhood, intellectual functioning, IQ, behavioral problems, social skills, environmental factors, recovery, injury severity, parent ratings
MeSH terms
Adaptation, Psychological, Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Child, Preschool, Cognition Disorders, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Intelligence, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Reference Values, Social Adjustment, Social Environment, Parenting, Brain Injury, Chronic, Family Conflict, Executive Function

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