Pediatric and Adolescent Mental Health Emergencies in the Emergency Medical Services System

Dolan, Margaret A.; Fein, Joel A.; the Committee on Pediatric Emergency Medicine

doi:10.1542/peds.2011-0522

Cited by 235Emergency and Acute Care StudiesPsychiatric care and mental health servicesChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

Pediatric and Adolescent Mental Health Emergencies in the Emergency Medical Services System

Dolan, Margaret A., Fein, Joel A., the Committee on Pediatric Emergency Medicine·2011·Pediatrics

DOI 10.1542/peds.2011-0522

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Abstract

This Technical Report was revised. See https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2023-063256.: Emergency department (ED) health care professionals often care for patients with previously diagnosed psychiatric illnesses who are ill, injured, or having a behavioral crisis. In addition, ED personnel encounter children with psychiatric illnesses who may not present to the ED with overt mental health symptoms. Staff education and training regarding identification and management of pediatric mental health illness can help EDs overcome the perceived limitations of the setting that influence timely and comprehensive evaluation. In addition, ED physicians can inform and advocate for policy changes at local, state, and national levels that are needed to ensure comprehensive care of children with mental health illnesses. This report addresses the roles that the ED and ED health care professionals play in emergency mental health care of children and adolescents in the United States, which includes the stabilization and management of patients in mental health crisis, the discovery of mental illnesses and suicidal ideation in ED patients, and approaches to advocating for improved recognition and treatment of mental illnesses in children. The report also addresses special issues related to mental illness in the ED, such as minority populations, children with special health care needs, and children's mental health during and after disasters and trauma.

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Emergency departments are often the first point of care for children experiencing mental health emergencies, particularly when other services are inaccessible or unavailable.
“Emergency departments (EDs) are often the first point of care for children experiencing mental health emergencies, particularly when other services are inaccessible or unavailable (3).”
From Mental Health–Related Emergency Department Visits Among Children Aged <18 Years During the COVID-19 Pandemic — United States, January 1–October 17, 2020 (2020) · cites this paper as [3]
Youth who visit the pediatric emergency department represent a key group of children at risk for adverse health outcomes.
“Youth who visit the Pediatric Emergency Department (PED) represent a key group of children at risk for adverse health outcomes.”
From Association of Physical Activity, Sports, and Screen Time With Adolescent Behaviors in Youth Who Visit the Pediatric Emergency Department (2022) · cites this paper as [13]
Many youth who visit the pediatric emergency department have high rates of substance use, risky sexual behavior, conduct disorder, and depression.
“Furthermore, many have high rates of substance use, risky sexual behavior, conduct disorder and depression.11–14”
From Association of Physical Activity, Sports, and Screen Time With Adolescent Behaviors in Youth Who Visit the Pediatric Emergency Department (2022) · cites this paper as [13]

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Comparison of the Millon Adolescent Personality Inventory and the Suicide Ideation Questionnaire-Junior with an Adolescent Inpatient Sample
Siemen, J. R., Warrington, C. A., & Mangano, E. L. (1994) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1994.75.2.947 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Access to Pediatric Emergency Medical Care
(2000) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.105.3.647 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Mental Health Care for Youth: Who Gets It? How Much Does It Cost? Who Pays? Where Does the Money Go?
Sturm, R., Ringel, J., Bao, Y., Stein, B. D., Kapur, K., Zhang, W., & Zeng, F. (2001) · RAND Corporation eBooks · doi:10.7249/rb4541 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Developing high-quality interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder in the acute care medical setting
Zatzick, D., & Roy‐Byrne, P. (2003) · Seminars in Clinical Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1016/s1084-3612(03)00016-9 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
EMTALA: a clearer road in the future?
Linzer, J. F. (2003) · Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cpem.2003.10.001 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Development of a tool to assess suicide risk factors in urban adolescents.
White, G. L., Murdock, R., Richardson, G. E., Ellis, G. D., & Schmidt, L. J. (1990) · PubMed · Cited by 6 · see citing works

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Ask Suicide-Screening Questions (ASQ): A Brief Instrument for the Pediatric Emergency Department
Horowitz, L. M., Bridge, J. A., Teach, S. J., Ballard, E., Klima, J., Rosenstein, D. L., Wharff, E. A., Ginnis, K., Cannon, E., Joshi, P., et al. (2012) · Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2012.1276 · Cited by 593 · see citing works
Mental Health–Related Emergency Department Visits Among Children Aged <18 Years During the COVID-19 Pandemic — United States, January 1–October 17, 2020
Leeb, R. T., Bitsko, R. H., Radhakrishnan, L., Martinez, P., Njai, R., & Holland, K. M. (2020) · MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6945a3 · Cited by 561 · see citing works
“Ensuring availability of and access to developmentally appropriate mental health services for children outside the in-person ED setting will be important as communities adjust mitigation strategies (3).”
Background
Pediatric Readiness in the Emergency Department
Remick, K., Gausche‐Hill, M., Joseph, M. M., Brown, K., Snow, S. K., Wright, J. L., Adirim, T. A., Agus, M. S. D., Callahan, J. M., Gross, T., et al. (2018) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2018-2459 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Trends in Pediatric Emergency Department Utilization for Mental Health-Related Visits
Mapelli, E., Black, T., & Doan, Q. (2015) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.07.004 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Psychiatric-Related Emergency Department Visits Among Children With an Autism Spectrum Disorder
Kalb, L. G., Stuart, E. A., Freedman, B. H., Zablotsky, B., & Vasa, R. A. (2012) · Pediatric Emergency Care · doi:10.1097/pec.0b013e3182767d96 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Pediatric Mental Health Hospitalizations at Acute Care Hospitals in the US, 2009-2019
Arakelyan, M., Freyleue, S., Avula, D., McLaren, J. L., O’Malley, A. J., & Leyenaar, J. K. (2023) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2023.1992 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Suicide Risk Assessment and Risk Formulation Part I: A Focus on Suicide Ideation in Assessing Suicide Risk
Silverman, M. M., & Berman, A. L. (2014) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/sltb.12065 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Pediatric Mental Health Boarding
McEnany, F. B., Ojugbele, O., Doherty, J. R., McLaren, J., & Leyenaar, J. K. (2020) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2020-1174 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Mental Health Utilization in a Pediatric Emergency Department
Sheridan, D. C., Spiro, D. M., Fu, R., Johnson, K., Sheridan, J. S., Oue, A. A., Wang, W., Nes, R. V., & Hansen, M. L. (2015) · Pediatric Emergency Care · doi:10.1097/pec.0000000000000343 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Paediatric mental and physical health presentations to emergency departments, Victoria, 2008–15
Hiscock, H., Neely, R. J., Lei, S., & Freed, G. (2018) · Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/mja17.00434 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
The HEADS-ED: A Rapid Mental Health Screening Tool for Pediatric Patients in the Emergency Department
Cappelli, M., Gray, C., Zemek, R. L., Cloutier, P., Kennedy, A., Glennie, E., Doucet, G., & Lyons, J. S. (2012) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2011-3798 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Emergency Department Visits for Mental Health Conditions Among US Children, 2001-2011
Simon, A. E., & Schoendorf, K. C. (2014) · Clinical Pediatrics · doi:10.1177/0009922814541806 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Trends in Pediatric Emergency Department Visits for Mental Health Conditions and Disposition by Presence of a Psychiatric Unit
Cutler, G. J., Rodean, J., Zima, B. T., Doupnik, S. K., Zagel, A. L., Bergmann, K. R., Hoffmann, J. A., & Neuman, M. I. (2019) · Academic Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.acap.2019.05.132 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Factors associated with boarding and length of stay for pediatric mental health emergency visits
Hoffmann, J. A., Stack, A. M., Monuteaux, M. C., Levin, R., & Lee, L. K. (2018) · The American Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2018.12.041 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Impact of Mobile Crisis Services on Emergency Department Use Among Youths With Behavioral Health Service Needs
Fendrich, M., Ives, M., Kurz, B., Becker, J., Vanderploeg, J., Bory, C., Lin, H.-J., & Plant, R. (2019) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201800450 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Pediatric Readiness in the Emergency Department
Remick, K., Gausche‐Hill, M., Joseph, M. M., Brown, K. M., Snow, S. K., Wright, J. L., Wright, J. L., Adirim, T. A., Agus, M. S. D., Callahan, J. M., et al. (2018) · Annals of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2018.08.431 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Emergency Department Use by Children and Youth with Mental Health Conditions: A Health Equity Agenda
Hoge, M. A., Vanderploeg, J. J., Paris, M., Lang, J. M., & Olezeski, C. L. (2022) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-022-00937-7 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Challenges of Managing Pediatric Mental Health Crises in the Emergency Department
Chun, T. H., Katz, E. R., Duffy, S. J., & Gerson, R. S. (2014) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2014.09.003 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Crowding in the Emergency Department: Challenges and Best Practices for the Care of Children
Gross, T., Lane, N., Timm, N. L., Conners, G. P., Hoffmann, J. A., Hsu, B. S.-H., Lee, L. K., Marín, J. R., Mazor, S. S., Paul, R. I., et al. (2023) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2022-060972 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Impact of Boarding Pediatric Psychiatric Patients on a Medical Ward
Claudius, I. A., Donofrio, J. J., Lam, C. N., & Santillanes, G. (2014) · Hospital Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/hpeds.2013-0079 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Child and Adolescent Mental Health Repeat Visits to the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review
Leon, S. L., Cloutier, P., Polihronis, C., Zemek, R. L., Newton, A. S., Gray, C., & Cappelli, M. (2017) · Hospital Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/hpeds.2016-0120 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Access to Optimal Emergency Care for Children
Brown, K., Ackerman, A. D., Ruttan, T. K., Snow, S. K., Conners, G. P., Callahan, J. M., Gross, T., Joseph, M. M., Lee, L. K., Mack, E., et al. (2021) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2021-050787 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Child Psychiatric Emergencies: Updates on Trends, Clinical Care, and Practice Challenges
Carubia, B., Becker, A., & Levine, B. H. (2016) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-016-0670-9 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
The Emergency Department
Asarnow, J. R., Babeva, K. N., & Horstmann, E. (2017) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2017.05.002 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Child maltreatment and onset of emergency department presentations for suicide-related behaviors
Rhodes, A. E., Boyle, M. H., Bethell, J., Wekerle, C., Goodman, D., Tonmyr, L., Leslie, B., Lam, K., & Manion, I. G. (2012) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2012.04.006 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Emergency health care use and follow-up among sociodemographic groups of children who visit emergency departments for mental health crises
Newton, A. S., Rosychuk, R. J., Dong, K. A., Curran, J., Slomp, M., & McGrath, P. J. (2012) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.111697 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Pediatric Mental Health-Related Emergency Department Visits
Abrams, A. H., Badolato, G. M., Boyle, M. D., McCarter, R., & Goyal, M. K. (2020) · Pediatric Emergency Care · doi:10.1097/pec.0000000000002221 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Mental Health Follow-Up among Adolescents with Suicidal Behaviors after Emergency Department Discharge
Sobolewski, B., Richey, L., Kowatch, R. A., & Grupp‐Phelan, J. (2013) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2013.801807 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
The Management of Children and Youth With Pediatric Mental and Behavioral Health Emergencies
Saidinejad, M., Duffy, S. J., Wallin, D., Hoffmann, J. A., Joseph, M. M., Uhlenbrock, J. S., Brown, K., Waseem, M., Snow, S. K., Andrew, M., et al. (2023) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2023-063256 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
A Systematic Review of Instruments to Identify Mental Health and Substance Use Problems Among Children in the Emergency Department
Newton, A. S., Soleimani, A., Kirkland, S. W., & Gokiert, R. (2017) · Academic Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1111/acem.13162 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Emergency Department Screening for Adolescent Mental Health Disorders: The Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How It Could and Should Be Done
Chun, T. H., Duffy, S. J., & Linakis, J. G. (2013) · Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cpem.2013.01.003 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Emergency department staff perceptions about the care of children with mental health conditions
Foster, A. A., Sundberg, M., Williams, D. N., & Li, J. (2021) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2021.10.002 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
The HEADS-ED
Cappelli, M., Zemek, R. L., Polihronis, C., Thibedeau, N. R., Kennedy, A., Gray, C., Jabbour, M., Reid, S. M., & Cloutier, P. (2017) · Pediatric Emergency Care · doi:10.1097/pec.0000000000001180 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Identifying suicidal behavior among adolescents using administrative claims data
Callahan, S. T., Fuchs, D. C., Shelton, R. C., Balmer, L. S., Dudley, J. A., Gideon, P. S., DeRanieri, M. M., Stratton, S. M., Williams, C. L., Ray, W. A., et al. (2013) · Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety · doi:10.1002/pds.3421 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Escalating Mental Health Care in Pediatric Emergency Departments
Rogers, S. C., Mulvey, C. H., DiVietro, S., & Sturm, J. J. (2017) · Clinical Pediatrics · doi:10.1177/0009922816684609 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
A systematic review of management strategies for children’s mental health care in the emergency department: update on evidence and recommendations for clinical practice and research
Newton, A. S., Hartling, L., Soleimani, A., Kirkland, S. W., Dyson, M. P., & Cappelli, M. (2017) · Emergency Medicine Journal · doi:10.1136/emermed-2016-205939 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
The current state of mental health services in Canada's paediatric emergency departments
Leon, S. L., Cappelli, M., Ali, S., Craig, W. R., Curran, J., Gokiert, R., Klassen, T. P., Osmond, M. H., Scott, S. D., & Newton, A. S. (2013) · Paediatrics & Child Health · doi:10.1093/pch/18.2.81 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Characteristics of psychiatric emergency department use among privately insured adolescents with autism spectrum disorder
Kalb, L. G., Stuart, E. A., & Vasa, R. A. (2018) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361317749951 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Training for Suicide Risk Assessment and Suicide Risk Formulation
Silverman, M. M., & Berman, A. L. (2014) · Academic Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s40596-014-0200-1 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Is Medical Clearance Necessary for Pediatric Psychiatric Patients?
Santillanes, G., Donofrio, J. J., Lam, C. N., & Claudius, I. A. (2014) · Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2013.12.003 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Pediatric Readiness in the Emergency Department
Remick, K., Gausche‐Hill, M., Joseph, M. M., Brown, K., Snow, S. K., Wright, J. L., Wright, J. L., Adirim, T. A., Agus, M. S. D., Callahan, J. M., et al. (2018) · Journal of Emergency Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.jen.2018.10.003 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Changes in the Use of Emergency Care for the Youth With Mental Health Problems Over Decades: A Repeated Cross Sectional Study
Benarous, X., Milhiet, V., Oppetit, A., Savelon, S. V., Kamel, N. M. E., Guinchat, V., Guilé, J.-M., & Cohen, D. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00026 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Urban and Rural Patterns in Emergent Pediatric Transfer: A Call for Regionalization
Horeczko, T., Marcin, J. P., Kahn, J. M., & Sapién, R. E. (2013) · The Journal of Rural Health · doi:10.1111/jrh.12051 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Clinical Practice Guideline: Suicide Risk Assessment
Zaleski, M. E., Johnson, M. L., Valdez, A. M., Bradford, J. Y., Reeve, N. E., Horigan, A., Killian, M., Reeve, N. E., Slivinski, A., Stapleton, S. J., et al. (2018) · Journal of Emergency Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.jen.2018.07.012 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Long-Term Trends in Psychiatric Emergency Services Delivered by the Boston Emergency Services Team
Oblath, R., Herrera, C., Were, L. P. O., Syeda, H. S., Duncan, A. M., Ferguson, T., Kalesan, B., Perez, D. C., Taglieri, J., Borba, C. P. C., et al. (2022) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-022-01015-8 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Telepsychiatric Evaluation and Consultation in Emergency Care Settings
Butterfield, A. (2018) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2018.03.001 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Youth Suicide Prevention in Primary Care: A Model Program and Its Impact on Psychiatric Emergency Referrals
Wintersteen, M. B., & Diamond, G. S. (2013) · Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1037/cpp0000028 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Interventions to Reduce Repeat Presentations to Hospital Emergency Departments for Mental Health Concerns: A Scoping Review of the Literature
Mao, W., Shalaby, R., & Agyapong, V. I. O. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare11081161 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Do emergency pediatric psychiatric visits for danger to self or others correspond to times of school attendance?
Lueck, C., Kearl, Y. L., Lam, C. N., & Claudius, I. A. (2015) · The American Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2015.02.055 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Bullying and Suicide Risk Among Pediatric Emergency Department Patients
Stanley, I. H., Horowitz, L. M., Bridge, J. A., Wharff, E. A., Pao, M., & Teach, S. J. (2015) · Pediatric Emergency Care · doi:10.1097/pec.0000000000000537 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Screening for Adolescent Anxiety Disorders in a Pediatric Emergency Department
Ramsawh, H. J., Chavira, D. A., Kanegaye, J. T., Ancoli‐Israel, S., Madati, P. J., & Stein, M. B. (2012) · Pediatric Emergency Care · doi:10.1097/pec.0b013e31826cad6a · Cited by 26 · see citing works
The Impact of Mental Health Services in a Pediatric Emergency Department
Holder, S. M., Rogers, K. M., Peterson, E., Shoenleben, R., & Blackhurst, D. W. (2016) · Pediatric Emergency Care · doi:10.1097/pec.0000000000000836 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Characteristics and Triage of Children Presenting in Mental Health Crisis to Emergency Departments at Detroit Regional Hospitals
Williams, K., Levine, A. R., Ledgerwood, D. M., Amirsadri, A., & Lundahl, L. H. (2017) · Pediatric Emergency Care · doi:10.1097/pec.0000000000001057 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
The Unique Value Proposition of Pediatric Health Care
Perrin, J. M., Flanagan, P., Katkin, J. P., Barabell, G., Price, J., Chung, S. L., Galbraith, A. A., Giardino, A. P., Moskowitz, W. B., Pearlman, S. A., et al. (2023) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2022-060681 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Evaluation of a school-based transition program designed to facilitate school reentry following a mental health crisis or psychiatric hospitalization
White, H. E., LaFleur, J., Houle, K., Hyry-Dermith, P., & Blake, S. M. (2017) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.22036 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Down the Rabbit Hole
Tucci, V. T., Siever, K., MATORIN, A. A., & Moukaddam, N. J. (2015) · Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.emc.2015.07.002 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Multiple Stakeholder Perspectives on School-Based Responses to Student Suicide Risk in a Diverse Public School District
Kodish, T., Kim, J. J., Le, K., Yu, S. H., Bear, L., & Lau, A. S. (2019) · School Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s12310-019-09354-w · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Characteristics associated with presence of pediatric mental health care policies in emergency departments.
Cree, R. A., So, M., Franks, J., Richards, R., Leeb, R., Hashikawa, A., Krug, S., Ludwig, L., & Olson, L. M. (2021) · Pediatric Emergency Care · doi:10.1097/pec.0000000000001920 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Characteristics and disposition of youth referred from schools for emergency psychiatric evaluation
Grudnikoff, E., Taneli, T., & Correll, C. U. (2014) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-014-0618-8 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Trends and Geographic Availability of Emergency Psychiatric Walk-In and Crisis Services in the United States
Kalb, L. G., Holingue, C., Stapp, E. K., Eck, K. V., & Thrul, J. (2021) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.202000612 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Implementing Trauma Informed Suicide Prevention Care in Schools: Responding to Acute Suicide Risk
O’Neill, J. C., Goldston, D. B., Kodish, T., Yu, S. H., Lau, A. S., & Asarnow, J. R. (2021) · Evidence-Based Practice in Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1080/23794925.2021.1917019 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Effect of Pediatric Behavioral Health Screening and Colocated Services on Ambulatory and Inpatient Utilization
Hacker, K. A., Penfold, R. B., Arsenault, L. N., Zhang, F., Soumerai, S. B., & Wissow, L. S. (2015) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201400315 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
A 5-year retrospective study of demographic, anamnestic, and clinical factors related to psychiatric hospitalizations of adolescent patients
Lorenzo, R. D., Cimino, N., Pietro, E. D., Pollutri, G., Neviani, V., & Ferri, P. (2016) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s93874 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
The use of restraint in four general hospital emergency departments in Australia
Gerace, A., Pamungkas, D. R., Oster, C., Thomson, D., & Muir‐Cochrane, E. (2014) · Australasian Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1039856214534001 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Children’s Mental Health Visits to the Emergency Department: Factors Affecting Wait Times and Length of Stay
Newton, A. S., Rathee, S., Grewal, S., Dow, N., & Rosychuk, R. J. (2014) · Emergency Medicine International · doi:10.1155/2014/897904 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Management of Mental Health Crises Among Youths With and Without ASD: A National Survey of Child Psychiatrists
Kalb, L. G., Stuart, E. A., Mandell, D. S., Olfson, M., & Vasa, R. A. (2017) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201600332 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Physician Management of Pediatric Mental Health Patients in the Emergency Department
Cappelli, M., Glennie, J. E., Cloutier, P., Kennedy, A., Vloet, M., Newton, A. S., Zemek, R. L., & Gray, C. (2012) · Pediatric Emergency Care · doi:10.1097/pec.0b013e31826764fd · Cited by 21 · see citing works
A study of the epidemiology and risk factors for attempted suicide and suicide among non-psychiatric inpatients in 48 general hospitals in Hubei province, China, 2015–2017
Wan, Q., Ding, X., Hu, D., Han, Y., Wang, S., Liu, Y., Wu, C., Huang, L., Lu, R., & Xu, K. (2019) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2019.06.003 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Opening the door: inviting youth and parent perspectives on youth mental health emergency department use
Campbell, L. A., Lovas, D. A., Withers, E., & Peacock, K. (2020) · Research Involvement and Engagement · doi:10.1186/s40900-020-00204-7 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Role of Urine Drug Screening in the Medical Clearance of Pediatric Psychiatric Patients
Shihabuddin, B., Hack, C. M., & Sivitz, A. B. (2013) · Pediatric Emergency Care · doi:10.1097/pec.0b013e31829e8050 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Rural‐Urban Disparities in School Nursing: Implications for Continuing Education and Rural School Health
Ramos, M. M., Fullerton, L., Sapién, R. E., Greenberg, C., & Bauer‐Creegan, J. (2014) · The Journal of Rural Health · doi:10.1111/jrh.12058 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
The Management of Children and Youth With Pediatric Mental and Behavioral Health Emergencies
Saidinejad, M., Duffy, S. J., Wallin, D., Hoffmann, J. A., Joseph, M. M., Uhlenbrock, J. S., Brown, K., Waseem, M., Snow, S. K., Andrew, M., et al. (2023) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2023-063255 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Determinants of Pediatric Psychiatry Length of Stay in 2 Urban Emergency Departments
Chakravarthy, B., Yang, A., Ogbu, U. C., Kim, C. H., Iqbal, A., Haight, J., Anderson, C., DiMassa, G., Bruckner, T. A., Bhargava, R. K., et al. (2015) · Pediatric Emergency Care · doi:10.1097/pec.0000000000000509 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Utility of MyHEARTSMAP for Universal Psychosocial Screening in the Emergency Department
Doan, Q. H., Wright, B. J., Atwal, A., Hankinson, E., Virk, P., Azizi, H., Stenstrom, R., Black, T. R., Gokiert, R., & Newton, A. S. (2020) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.12.046 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
A psychosocial assessment and management tool for children and youth in crisis
Lee, A., Deevska, M., Stillwell, K., Black, T. R., Meckler, G. D., Park, D., Eslami, A., & Doan, Q. H. (2018) · Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1017/cem.2018.1 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
MyHEARTSMAP: development and evaluation of a psychosocial self-assessment tool, for and by youth
Virk, P., Laskin, S., Gokiert, R., Richardson, C. G., Newton, M. S., Stenstrom, R., Wright, B. J., Black, T. R., & Doan, Q. H. (2019) · BMJ Paediatrics Open · doi:10.1136/bmjpo-2019-000493 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Care Coordination in Emergency Departments for Children and Adolescents With Behavioral Health Conditions
Lynch, S. E., Witt, W. P., Ali, M. M., Teich, J. L., Mutter, R. L., Gibbons, B., & Walsh, C. (2018) · Pediatric Emergency Care · doi:10.1097/pec.0000000000001545 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Child Mental Health Services in the Emergency Department
Lynch, S. E., Bautista, M., Freer, C., Kalynych, C. J., & Hendry, P. L. (2015) · Pediatric Emergency Care · doi:10.1097/pec.0000000000000336 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Behavioral Health Emergencies Managed by School Nurses Working With Adolescents
Ramos, M. M., Greenberg, C., Sapién, R. E., Bauer‐Creegan, J., Hine, B., & Geary, C. (2013) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/josh.12085 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
An Emergency Department Clinical Pathway for Children and Youth with Mental Health Conditions
Jabbour, M., Hawkins, J., Day, D., Cloutier, P., Polihronis, C., Cappelli, M., Kennedy, A., & Gray, C. (2018) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2018.02.005 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Examining the impact of emergency care settings on suicidal patients: A call to action
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Pediatric Mental Health Emergencies in the Emergency Medical Services System
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Authors: Dolan, M. A., Fein, J. A., & the Committee on Pediatric Emergency Medicine
ORCID: Fein, Joel A.
Venue: Pediatrics
Publisher: American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
Published: 2011-05-01
Volume: 127
Issue: 5
Pages: e1356-e1366
ISSN: 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
1098-4275
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2011-0522
OpenAlex: W2136773204
Cited by: 235
References: 100
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 8
FWCI: 2.00
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › Emergency and Acute Care Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychiatric care and mental health services
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Keywords: adolescent mental health, emergency department, suicidal ideation, mental disorder screening, staff education and training, health policy advocacy, minority groups, children with special health care needs, disaster mental health, trauma, emergency medical services
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adolescent Medicine, Mental Disorders, Child, Child, Exceptional, Emergencies, Emergency Medical Services, Emergency Service, Hospital, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Patient Care Team, Pediatrics, Suicide, Attempted, United States, Needs Assessment

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Pediatric and Adolescent Mental Health Emergencies in the Emergency Medical Services System

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