The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Youth Tobacco Product Use in the United States
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Noncigarette tobacco products are increasingly popular among youth, especially cigarette smokers. Understanding multiple tobacco product use is necessary to assess the effects of tobacco products on population health. This study examines multiple tobacco product use and associated risk factors among US youth. METHODS: Estimates of current use were calculated for cigarettes, cigars, smokeless tobacco, hookah, e-cigarettes, pipes, bidis, kreteks, snus, and dissolvable tobacco by using data from the 2012 National Youth Tobacco Survey (n = 24 658), a nationally representative sample of US middle and high school students. Associations between use patterns and demographic characteristics were examined by using multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS: Among youth, 14.7% currently use 1 or more tobacco products. Of these, 2.8% use cigarettes exclusively, and 4% use 1 noncigarette product exclusively; 2.7% use cigarettes with another product (dual use), and 4.3% use 3 or more products (polytobacco use). Twice as many youth use e-cigarettes alone than dual use with cigarettes. Among smokers, polytobacco use was significantly associated with male gender (adjusted relative risk ratio [aRRR] = 3.71), by using flavored products (aRRR = 6.09), nicotine dependence (aRRR = 1.91), tobacco marketing receptivity (aRRR = 2.52), and perceived prevalence of peer use of tobacco products (aRRR = 3.61, 5.73). CONCLUSIONS: More than twice as many youth in the United States currently use 2 or more tobacco products than cigarettes alone. Continued monitoring of tobacco use patterns is warranted, especially for e-cigarettes. Youth rates of multiple product use involving combustible products underscore needs for research assessing potential harms associated with these patterns.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“in 2014, twice as many youth used electronic cigarettes alone as in combination with cigarettes.”
From Developmental toxicity of nicotine: A transdisciplinary synthesis and implications for emerging tobacco products (2017) · cites this paper as [18]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Preventing Tobacco Use among Youth and young Adults: A Report of the Surgeon General
(2012) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e603152012-001 · Cited by 1,459
The dynamic effects of nicotine on the developing brain
Dwyer, J. B., McQuown, S. C., & Leslie, F. M. (2009) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.02.003 · Cited by 559
Electronic Cigarettes and Conventional Cigarette Use Among US Adolescents: A Cross-sectional Study
Dutra, L. M., & Glantz, S. A. (2014) · JAMA Pediatrics · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.5488 · Cited by 496
Waterpipe Tobacco and Cigarette Smoking
Eissenberg, T., & Shihadeh, A. (2009) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2009.07.014 · Cited by 473
Corey, C. G., Wang, B., Johnson, S. E., Apelberg, B. J., Husten, C. G., King, B. A., McAfee, T. A., Bunnell, R. E., Arrazola, R. A., & Dube, S. R. (2013) · Cited by 325
Exposure to Electronic Cigarette Television Advertisements Among Youth and Young Adults
Duke, J. C., Lee, Y. O., Kim, A. E., Watson, K. A., Arnold, K. Y., Nonnemaker, J. M., & Porter, L. (2014) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2014-0269 · Cited by 281
Self-citationHealth Risks Associated With Cigar Smoking
Baker, F. (2000) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.284.6.735 · Cited by 257
Alternative Tobacco Product Use and Smoking Cessation: A National Study
Popova, L., & Ling, P. M. (2013) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2012.301070 · Cited by 250
Cobb, C. O., Shihadeh, A., Weaver, M. F., & Eissenberg, T. (2010) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntq212 · Cited by 245
Rath, J. M., Villanti, A. C., Abrams, D. B., & Vallone, D. (2012) · Journal of Environmental and Public Health · doi:10.1155/2012/679134 · Cited by 217
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 34 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Lee, “Vape shops” and “E-Cigarette lounges” open across the U.S. to promote ENDS [published online ahead of print April 11, 2014]., Tob Control
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–168 of 168
Regional and gender differences in tobacco use among American Indian youth
Spillane, N. S., Padovano, H. T., & Schick, M. R. (2019) · Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse · doi:10.1080/15332640.2018.1548321 · Cited by 12
Darawad, M. W., Rezk‐Hanna, M., Al-Hussami, M. O., Lee, J., Mostafa, A., Abu-Rmeileh, N. M. E., Kheirallah, K. A., Salama, M., Nakkash, R. T., Saleh, Z. T., et al. (2020) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2020.1790010 · Cited by 10
Cassidy, R. N., Tidey, J. W., Cao, Q., Colby, S. M., McClernon, F. J., Smith, T. T., Dermody, S. S., Koopmeiners, J. S., Jensen, J. A., Strayer, L., et al. (2021) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntab049 · Cited by 10
Odukoya, O. O., Dada, M., Olubodun, T., Igwilo, U., & Ayo-Yusuf, O. A. (2016) · PubMed · Cited by 9
Reynolds, A. J., Magro, S. W., Ou, S., & Eales, L. (2019) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.105768 · Cited by 9
Koprivnikar, H., & Zupanič, T. (2016) · Slovenian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1515/sjph-2017-0010 · Cited by 8
Does E-cigarette Use at Baseline Influence Smoking Cessation Rates among 2-Year College Students?
Snow, E., Johnson, T., Ossip, D. J., Williams, G. C., Ververs, D., Rahman, I., & McIntosh, S. E. (2017) · The Journal of Smoking Cessation · doi:10.1017/jsc.2017.11 · Cited by 8
Jodalli, P. S., & Panchmal, G. S. (2020) · Tobacco Prevention & Cessation · doi:10.18332/tpc/127375 · Cited by 8
Qualitative Approaches to the Study of Substance and Behavioral Addictions
Simpson, K. A., & Bluthenthal, R. N. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.013 · Cited by 10
Richter, L. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813035-3.00047-2 · Cited by 5
Mantey, D. S., Harrell, M. B., Chen, B., Kelder, S. H., Perry, C. L., & Loukas, A. (2021) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2020-055922 · Cited by 6
Cha, E. M., Ranjit, N., & Hoelscher, D. M. (2018) · Journal of Applied Research on Children Informing Policy for Children at Risk · doi:10.58464/2155-5834.1337 · Cited by 7
A Pilot Study for Linking Adolescent Patients to an Interactive Tobacco Prevention Program
Calabro, K. S., Marani, S. K., Le, T., Khalil, G. E., Tamí-Maury, I. M., & Prokhorov, A. V. (2017) · Health Services Research and Managerial Epidemiology · doi:10.1177/2333392817703208 · Cited by 5
Substance and Behavioral Addictions Assessment Instruments
Grigsby, T. J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.012 · Cited by 6
The Influence of Drinking Motives on Hookah use Frequency Among Young Multi-Substance Users
Foster, D. W., Greene, M. R., Allan, N. P., & Geldsetzer, P. (2016) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-016-9633-y · Cited by 5
Use of Electronic Cigarettes by Adolescents
Foulds, J. (2015) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.09.004 · Cited by 5
Predicting the mortality of smoking attributable to cancer in Qingdao, China: A time-series analysis
Qi, F., Xu, Z., Zhang, H., Wang, R. Y., Wang, Y., Jia, X., Lin, P., Geng, M., Huang, Y., Li, S., et al. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0245769 · Cited by 4
Thepthien, B., Tinn, C. S., & Sharma, R. (2023) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-023-01109-8 · Cited by 4
What Is (Un)Flavored? A Scoping Review of the Conceptualization of Flavored Cigarillos
Moore, S. P., Osborn, C., Suratkal, J. P., Vasu, P., Gonzalez, S. K., & Trapl, E. (2024) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntae039 · Cited by 4
School-level disadvantage and failed cessation treatment among adolescent smokers
Horn, K. A., Ali, M., Gray, T. R., Anesetti‐Rothermel, A., & Branstetter, S. A. (2018) · Tobacco Prevention & Cessation · doi:10.18332/tpc/87074 · Cited by 4
Prevention and Treatment of Sex Addiction
Reid, R. C., Grubbs, J. B., & Kraus, S. W. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.025 · Cited by 4
Jiang, N., Ho, S. Y., Wang, M. P., Leung, L. T., & Lam, T. H. (2018) · Tobacco Prevention & Cessation · doi:10.18332/tpc/90659 · Cited by 4
Harvey, J., & Chadi, N. (2016) · Paediatrics & Child Health · doi:10.1093/pch/21.4.215 · Cited by 4
Gaming Disorder and Its Treatment
Griffiths, M. D., Kuss, D. J., & Pontes, H. M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.029 · Cited by 6
Electronic cigarette use by and perceptions of middle and high school students in the United States
Pane, J., Murray, J. S., Nugent, R., Yang, S., & NUGENT, K. M. (2023) · Journal of Investigative Medicine · doi:10.1177/10815589221140588 · Cited by 3
Mounach, S., Zahrou, F. E., Mahdaoui, E. K., Belakhel, L., Khazraji, Y. C., & Berri, H. E. (2019) · African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine · doi:10.4102/phcfm.v11i1.1914 · Cited by 3
Treatment of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drug (ATOD) Misuse
Sussman, S. Y., & Bolshakova, M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.022 · Cited by 3
The Role of Culture in Addiction
Hoffman, B. R., & Unger, J. B. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.018 · Cited by 3
Moon, S. S., Boyas, J. F., & Kim, Y. K. (2019) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2019.1653323 · Cited by 3
Characterizing the polytobacco behaviors of sexual minority young adult college students
Hinds, J. T., Loukas, A., & Perry, C. L. (2020) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108126 · Cited by 3
Faeq, D. T., Ahmed, D. R., Aziz, I. A., & Yıldırım, M. (2024) · Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse · doi:10.1080/15332640.2024.2366982 · Cited by 2
Passionate Love Addiction: An Evolutionary Survival Mechanism That Can Go Terribly Wrong
Bolshakova, M., Fisher, H. E., Aubin, H., & Sussman, S. Y. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.026 · Cited by 2
Philosophical Issues in the Addictions
Glackin, S. N. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.007 · Cited by 2
(2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.020 · Cited by 2
Pokhaznikova, M. A., Kuznetsova, O. Y., Ovakimyan, K. V., Fatkieva, R., Goryaeva, A. Y., Andreeva, E., Sychev, A. E., Bogacheva, A. S., Budnikova, I. V., Леонидовна, С. И., et al. (2024) · Russian Family Doctor · doi:10.17816/rfd626281 · Cited by 2
A comparison of methods to measure daily cigarillo consumption among adolescents and young adults
Antognoli, E., Ishler, K. J., Trapl, E., & Flocke, S. A. (2019) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054745 · Cited by 2
Interest in Dental Hygiene Therapy: a study of dental hygienists in Maine.
Smallidge, D., Boyd, L. D., Rainchuso, L., Giblin-Scanlon, L. J., & LoPresti, L. (2018) · PubMed · Cited by 1
Prevention and Treatment of Work Addiction
Quiñones, C., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.028 · Cited by 2
Correlates of youth Poly-E-Cigarette device use
Hoffmeyer, N., Hinton, A. M., Wagener, T. L., & Tackett, A. P. (2022) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107248 · Cited by 1
Sussman, S. Y. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.003 · Cited by 1
La cigarette électronique. Outil d’aide au sevrage tabagique ?
Urban, T., & Hureaux, J. (2017) · Revue des Maladies Respiratoires Actualités · doi:10.1016/s1877-1203(17)30041-1 · Cited by 1
Shahawy, O. E., Nicksic, N. E., Ramôa, C. P., Jawad, M., NIAURA, R. S., Abrams, D. B., & Sherman, S. E. (2018) · Current Addiction Reports · doi:10.1007/s40429-018-0184-0 · Cited by 1
Adolescent Drug Misuse Prevention: Challenges in School-Based Programming
Scheier, L. M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.021 · Cited by 1
Measurement, Prevention, and Treatment of Exercise Addiction
Hausenblas, H. A., Mann, D. T. Y., & Downs, D. S. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.036 · Cited by 2
Topadă, A., Nădășan, V., Tarcea, M., & Ábrám, Z. (2021) · Acta Marisiensis. Seria Medica · doi:10.2478/amma-2021-0039 · Cited by 1
American Undergraduates Undone: Social and Intellectual Dysfunction on Campus
Jones, N. P. (2016) · Open Scholarship Institutional Repository (Washington University in St. Louis) · doi:10.7936/k7mp51j6
Poly-tobacco Use Among Youth and Adults in the United States
Osibogun, O. I. (2019) · doi:10.25148/etd.fidc007678
Compton, W. M., & Blanco, C. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.001
Novel Psychoactive Substances: A New Challenge for Prevention and Treatment
Kapitány‐Fövény, M., Corazza, O., Marrinan, S., & Demetrovics, Z. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.032
Human Laboratory Paradigms in Addictions Research
Morris, V. L., Arshad, F., Balodis, I. M., Reed, D. D., MacKillop, J. M., & Amlung, M. T. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.010
Anhedonia in Addictive Behaviors
Dyer, W. G., Leventhal, A. M., Goldenson, N. I., & Bello, M. S. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.039
American Legal Issues in Addiction Treatment and Research
Willick, D. H. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.041
Strack, R. W., Orsini, M. M., Ewald, D. R., & Scheier, L. M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.019
Smoking pattern among adults in Al-Diriyah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Alfadeel, M. A., AlZayed, S., Alenazi., M., Kobboch, S., Aljunidel, S., Almutairi, N., Alhamad, S., Madkhali, F., & Alolaqi, S. (2021) · International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries · doi:10.24911/ijmdc.51-1609351681
Clinical and Research Methods in the Addictions
Sussman, S. Y. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.008
Levels of Analysis and Etiology
(2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.014
Ongoing and Future Research Directions
(2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.030
Sussman, S. Y. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.002
Srivastava, A. B., & Gold, M. S. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.033
Acute and Chronic Lung Disease from Recreational Inhalants
Reihman, A. E., Holguín, F., & Sharma, S. (2022) · Respiratory medicine · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-90185-1_7
Sussman, S. Y. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.042
Cassidy, R. N., Tidey, J. W., Cao, Q., Colby, S. M., McClemon, F. J., Smith, T. T., Dermody, S. S., Koopmeiners, J. S., Jensen, J. A., Strayer, L., et al. (2022) · doi:10.32920/21430482.v1
Correlates of Nicotine Dependence Among Current Cigarette Smokers in NigeriaPreprint
Oyapero, A., Erinoso, O. A., Osoba, M., & Osibogun, O. I. (2024) · Qeios · doi:10.32388/uio6f5
Correlates of Nicotine Dependence Among Current Cigarette Smokers in NigeriaPreprint
Oyapero, A., Erinoso, O. A., Osoba, M., & Osibogun, O. I. (2024) · Qeios · doi:10.32388/uio6f5.2
Behavioral precursors of nicotine product use trajectories among youth
Buta, E., Gueorguieva, R., Simon, P., & Garrison, K. (2024) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2024.05.009
Vaping: The emerging epidemic and its psychiatric implications in India
Prakash, J., Mujawar, S., Chaudhury, S., & Srivastava, K. (2025) · Industrial Psychiatry Journal · doi:10.4103/ipj.ipj_465_24
Razali, M. F., Riyadzi, M. R., Hamid, H. A. A., Wan-Fei, K., & Yusoff, U. N. (2025) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-097974 · Cited by 2
Frisbee, S., Misiewicz, R., Noonan, D., & Lipkus, I. (2026) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Use · doi:10.1080/29973368.2026.2708751
Metadata
- Authors
- Lee, Y. O., Hebert, C. J., Nonnemaker, J. M., & Kim, A. E.
- Affiliations
- RTI International (US)
- Venue
- Pediatrics
- Publisher
- American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
- Published
- 2015-03-01
- Volume
- 135
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 409-415
- ISSN
- 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-4275
- OpenAlex
- W2088101970
- Cited by
- 168
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 6
- FWCI
- 18.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology
- Keywords
- youth tobacco use, polytobacco use, electronic cigarettes, hookah, smokeless tobacco, cigars, bidis, kreteks, snus, flavored tobacco products, nicotine dependence, adolescent smoking, middle and high school students
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Smoking, Students, Tobacco Use Disorder, United States, Prevalence, Odds Ratio, Tobacco Products, Tobacco Use
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review