The DOI matches its Crossref record; 37 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Trends in Psychiatric Emergency Department Visits Among Youth and Young Adults in the US
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Visits to the emergency department (ED) for psychiatric purposes are an indicator of chronic and acute unmet mental health needs. In the current study, we examined if psychiatric ED visits among individuals 6 to 24 years of age are increasing nationwide. METHODS: ED data came from the 2011–2015 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, a national survey of ED visits across the United States. Psychiatric ED visits were identified by using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision and reason-for-visit codes. Survey-weighted logistic regression analyses were employed to examine trends in as well as correlates of psychiatric ED visits. Data from the US Census Bureau were used to examine population rates. RESULTS: Between 2011 and 2015, there was a 28% overall increase (from 31.3 to 40.2) in psychiatric ED visits per 1000 youth in the United States. The largest increases in psychiatric ED visits per 1000 US youth were observed among adolescents (54%) and African American (53%) and Hispanic patients (91%). A large increase in suicide-related visits (by 2.5-fold) was observed among adolescents (4.6–11.7 visits per 1000 US youth). Although psychiatric ED visits were long (51% were ≥3 hours in length), few (16%) patients were seen by a mental health professional during their visit. CONCLUSIONS: Visits to the ED for psychiatric purposes among youth are rising across the United States. Psychiatric expertise and effective mental health treatment options, particular those used to address the rising suicide epidemic among adolescents, are needed in the ED.
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“In recent years, the number of emergency department (ED) visits for psychiatric illness has been rising worldwide [1, 3, 4].”
From Bridging the gap between the emergency department and outpatient care: feasibility of a short-term psychiatric crisis intervention for children and adolescents (2023) · cites this paper as [4]
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“Youth in a suicidal crisis are at increased risk since nearly 25% of people police killed in the last seven years had a documented mental disorder (83).”
From Structural Racism and Suicide Prevention for Ethnoracially Minoritized Youth: A Conceptual Framework and Illustration Across Systems (2022) · cites this paper as [83]
In the citing paper
“A number of studies indicated greater incidence of suicide attempts among certain adult subgroups and youth (Table 1).[7][8][9][10][11][12][13]”
From Trends in the Incidence and Lethality of Suicidal Acts in the United States, 2006 to 2015 (2020) · cites this paper as [8]
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Cites
Age of onset of mental disorders: a review of recent literature
Kessler, R. C., Amminger, G. P., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Alonso, J., Lee, S., & ??st??n, T. B. (2007) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0b013e32816ebc8c · Cited by 3,457
National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 2019 Emergency Department Summary Tables
Cairns, C., & Kang, K. (2022) · doi:10.15620/cdc:115748 · Cited by 725
Costello, E. J., He, J., Sampson, N. A., Kessler, R. C., & Merikangas, K. R. (2013) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201100518 · Cited by 475
Suicide Prevention in an Emergency Department Population: The ED-SAFE Study
Miller, I. W., Camargo, C. A., Arias, S. A., Sullivan, A. F., Allen, M. H., Goldstein, A. B., Manton, A. P., Espinola, J. A., Jones, R., Hasegawa, K., et al. (2017) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.0678 · Cited by 418
Epidemiology of Adult Psychiatric Visits to U.S. Emergency Departments
Hazlett, S. B., McCarthy, M. L., Londner, M., & Onyike, C. U. (2004) · Academic Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1553-2712.2004.tb01434.x · Cited by 222
IOM Report: The Future of Emergency Care in the United States Health System
Institute of Medicine (2006) · Academic Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1197/j.aem.2006.07.011 · Cited by 196
Bishop, T. F., Seirup, J. K., Pincus, H. A., & Ross, J. S. (2016) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2015.1643 · Cited by 167
Summary Statistics for Pediatric Psychiatric Visits to US Emergency Departments, 1993–1999
Sills, M. R., & Bland, S. D. (2002) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.110.4.e40 · Cited by 163
Emergency Department as a First Contact for Mental Health Problems in Children and Youth
Gill, P. J., Saunders, N. R., Gandhi, S., Gonzalez, A. J., Kurdyak, P. A., Vigod, S. N., & Guttmann, A. (2017) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2017.03.012 · Cited by 159
Trends in Pediatric Emergency Department Utilization for Mental Health-Related Visits
Mapelli, E., Black, T., & Doan, Q. (2015) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.07.004 · Cited by 156
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- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2013, Behavioral Health, United States, 2012
- National Vital Statistics System, 2017, 10 Leading Causes of Death by Age Group, United States - 2015
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011, ICD-9-CM Official Guidelines for Coding and Reporting
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Madigan, S., Racine, N., Vaillancourt, T., Korczak, D. J., Hewitt, J. M. A., Pador, P., Park, J. L., McArthur, B. A., Holy, C., & Neville, R. D. (2023) · JAMA Pediatrics · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.0846 · Cited by 354
National Trends in Mental Health–Related Emergency Department Visits Among Youth, 2011-2020
Bommersbach, T. J., McKean, A. J. S., Olfson, M., & Rhee, T. G. (2023) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2023.4809 · Cited by 363
Keyes, K. M., & Platt, J. M. (2024) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13864 · Cited by 253
Children’s Mental Health Emergency Department Visits: 2007–2016
Lo, C. B., Bridge, J. A., Shi, J., Ludwig, L., & Stanley, R. M. (2020) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2019-1536 · Cited by 220
Twenge, J. M., Haidt, J., Lozano, J., & Cummins, K. M. (2022) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103512 · Cited by 191
Metadata
- Authors
- Kalb, L. G., Stapp, E. K., Ballard, E. D., Holingue, C., Keefer, A., & Riley, A.
- Affiliations
- Kennedy Krieger Institute (US)
- Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch and
- National Institute of Mental Health (US)
- Departments of Mental Health and
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kalb, Luther G.
- Venue
- Pediatrics
- Publisher
- American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
- Published
- 2019-04-01
- Volume
- 143
- Issue
- 4
- ISSN
- 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-4275
- PMC
- PMC6564072
- OpenAlex
- W2922218868
- Cited by
- 285
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 61 · 2022: 47 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 13
- FWCI
- 35.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychiatric care and mental health services
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › Emergency and Acute Care Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Keywords
- psychiatric emergency department visits, youth mental health, adolescents, young adults, unmet mental health needs, racial and ethnic disparities, emergency department utilization trends, access to mental health care
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Mental Disorders, Black or African American, Emergency Service, Hospital, Female, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Male, Retrospective Studies, Severity of Illness Index, Suicide, Attempted, United States, Incidence, Multivariate Analysis, Logistic Models, Databases, Factual, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution, Risk Assessment, Young Adult
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