The DOI matches its Crossref record; 48 of the 54 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Prevalence and Trends of Developmental Disabilities among Children in the United States: 2009–2017
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To study the national prevalence of 10 developmental disabilities in US children aged 3 to 17 years and explore changes over time by associated demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, using the National Health Interview Survey. METHODS: Data come from the 2009 to 2017 National Health Interview Survey, a nationally representative survey of the civilian noninstitutionalized population. Parents reported physician or other health care professional diagnoses of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; autism spectrum disorder; blindness; cerebral palsy; moderate to profound hearing loss; learning disability; intellectual disability; seizures; stuttering or stammering; and other developmental delays. Weighted percentages for each of the selected developmental disabilities and any developmental disability were calculated and stratified by demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. RESULTS: From 2009 to 2011 and 2015 to 2017, there were overall significant increases in the prevalence of any developmental disability (16.2%–17.8%, P < .001), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (8.5%–9.5%, P < .01), autism spectrum disorder (1.1%–2.5%, P < .001), and intellectual disability (0.9%–1.2%, P < .05), but a significant decrease for any other developmental delay (4.7%–4.1%, P < .05). The prevalence of any developmental disability increased among boys, older children, non-Hispanic white and Hispanic children, children with private insurance only, children with birth weight ≥2500 g, and children living in urban areas and with less-educated mothers. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of developmental disability among US children aged 3 to 17 years increased between 2009 and 2017. Changes by demographic and socioeconomic subgroups may be related to improvements in awareness and access to health care.
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“Developmental delays and disabilities are common in children, affecting up to 18% of children aged 3 to 17 years in the United States, according to recent national estimates.1”
From Early Childhood Care Coordination Through 211: A Randomized Clinical Trial (2024) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“In a large US parent report survey in 88,530 children aged 3–17 years, the rate of any neurodevelopmental condition, including ADHD, autism, speech fluency disorder (stuttering), learning disorders, intellectual disabilities or any other developmental delay was 12.6% in females and 22.7% in males12.”
From Sex and gender in neurodevelopmental conditions (2023) · cites this paper as [12]
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Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
American Psychiatric Association (2013) · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 · Cited by 116,369
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
Baio, J., Wiggins, L., Christensen, D. L., Maenner, M. J., Daniels, J., Warren, Z., Kurzius-Spencer, M., Zahorodny, W., Robinson, C., Rosenberg, et al. (2018) · MMWR. Surveillance Summaries · doi:10.15585/mmwr.ss6706a1 · Cited by 6,078
Self-citationGlobal Prevalence of Autism and Other Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Elsabbagh, M., Divan, G., Koh, Y., Kim, Y. S., Kauchali, S., Marcín, C., Montiel‐Nava, C., Patel, V., Paula, C. S., Wang, C., et al. (2012) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.239 · Cited by 2,636 · cited 1×
“The reported prevalence of ASD in the United States and other industrialized countries has shown marked increases in recent decades.(2,20) However, understanding changes to ASD prevalence remains particularly challenging given that the diagnosis of ASD is based on a symptom profile, and health care provider and school…”
BackgroundTaylor, C. A., Bell, J. M., Breiding, M. J., & Xu, L. (2017) · MMWR Surveillance Summaries · doi:10.15585/mmwr.ss6609a1 · Cited by 2,331
Subcommittee on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, S. C. O. Q. I. A. M. (2011) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2011-2654 · Cited by 2,185
Identification and Evaluation of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Johnson, C. P., Myers, S. M., & and the Council on Children With Disabilities (2007) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2007-2361 · Cited by 2,011
Polanczyk, G. V., Willcutt, E. G., Salum, G. A., Kieling, C., & Rohde, L. A. (2014) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyt261 · Cited by 1,822 · cited 1×
“The increase in prevalence of diagnosed ADHD among US children and adolescents since the late 1990s has been well documented, although there is evidence that the prevalence of ADHD symptoms and impairment has remained steady over time.(15,16) Taken together, this suggests that the increases in diagnosed prevalence cou…”
ResultTrends in the prevalence of developmental disabilities in US children, 1997-2008
Boyle, C. A., Boulet, S., Schieve, L. A., Cohen, R. A., Blumberg, S. J., Yeargin-Allsopp, M., Visser, S., & Kogan, M. D. (2011) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2010-2989 · Cited by 1,732 · cited 2×
“…be formally recognized until a child is in school.23 Overall, the general consistency of demographic patterns with previous studies, particularly Boyle et al,11 suggests that underlying, contributing factors, such as service availability, continue to be associated with the prevalence of…”
MethodResultSelf-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Health Resources and Services Administration, 2016, Designated Health Professional Shortage Areas (HPSA) Statistics
- Majnemer, 1998, Semin Pediatr Neurol, 62
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Maenner, M. J., Shaw, K. A., Baio, J., EdS1, Washington, A., Patrick, M., DiRienzo, M., Christensen, D. L., Wiggins, L. D., Pettygrove, S., et al. (2020) · MMWR. Surveillance Summaries · doi:10.15585/mmwr.ss6904a1 · Cited by 3,780
“The 2016 NSCH and the 2015–2017 NHIS both estimated ASD prevalence at 25 per 1,000 children aged 3–17 years (13,29).”
BackgroundSelf-citationMental Health Surveillance Among Children — United States, 2013–2019
Bitsko, R. H., Claussen, A. H., Lichstein, J., Black, L. I., Jones, S. E., Danielson, M. L., Hoenig, J. M., Davis Jack, S. P., Brody, D. J., Gyawali, S., et al. (2022) · MMWR Supplements · doi:10.15585/mmwr.su7102a1 · Cited by 1,723
“Consistent with previous studies, boys had a higher prevalence than girls of ADHD, behavioral or conduct problems, ASD, Tourette syndrome, and rates of suicide (1,34,38,42,82,86), and girls had higher estimated prevalences of depression, suicidal ideation, and attempted suicide (1,34).”
BackgroundSelf-citationHampl, S. E., Hassink, S. G., Skinner, A. C., Armstrong, S. C., Barlow, S. E., Bolling, C. F., Avila Edwards, K. C., Eneli, I., Hamre, R., Joseph, M. M., et al. (2023) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2022-060640 · Cited by 1,389
Maternal immune activation and neuroinflammation in human neurodevelopmental disorders
Han, V. X., Patel, S., Jones, H. F., & Dale, R. C. (2021) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/s41582-021-00530-8 · Cited by 683
Five-Year Trends in US Children’s Health and Well-being, 2016-2020
Lebrun‐Harris, L. A., Ghandour, R. M., Kogan, M. D., & Warren, M. D. (2022) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.0056 · Cited by 378
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Zablotsky, B., Black, L. I., Maenner, M. J., Schieve, L. A., Danielson, M. L., Bitsko, R. H., Blumberg, S. J., Kogan, M. D., & Boyle, C. A.
- Affiliations
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Health Resources and Services Administration (US)
- Corresponding author
- Zablotsky, Benjamin
- ORCID
- Venue
- Pediatrics
- Publisher
- American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
- Published
- 2019-10-01
- Volume
- 144
- Issue
- 4
- ISSN
- 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-4275
- PMC
- PMC7076808
- OpenAlex
- W2976851556
- Cited by
- 1,217
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 116 · 2025: 189 · 2024: 210 · 2023: 218 · 2022: 218 · 2021: 184 · 2020: 75 · 2019: 4
- FWCI
- 111.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (CC999999)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Down syndrome and intellectual disability research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Health and Medical Studies
- Keywords
- developmental disabilities, prevalence trends, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, developmental delay, learning disabilities, cerebral palsy, hearing loss, blindness, seizures, stuttering, socioeconomic disparities, demographic disparities, children, United States
- MeSH terms
- Autism Spectrum Disorder, Adolescent, Age Factors, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Blindness, Cerebral Palsy, Child, Developmental Disabilities, Child, Preschool, Educational Status, Female, Humans, Male, Intellectual Disability, Population Dynamics, Seizures, Sex Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Stuttering, United States, Prevalence, Insurance Coverage, Hearing Loss
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