Suspected nonfatal drug-related overdoses among youth in the US: 2016-2019
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: During the current drug overdose crisis, the United States is experiencing a significant number of overdose deaths, hospitalizations, and emergency department visits. Given the vulnerability of young persons to substance use, it is important to assess how this crisis affects the nation’s youth. In this study, we investigate trends in suspected nonfatal drug-related overdoses (all-drugs, opioids, heroin, and stimulants) among youth using syndromic surveillance data from 2016 to 2019. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of emergency department syndromic surveillance data were used to detect quarterly trends in suspected drug overdoses from April 2016 through September 2019 among youth aged 0 to 10, 11 to 14, and 15 to 24 years. Syndrome definitions were developed using chief complaint free-text and discharge diagnosis codes to identify overdoses involving all-drugs, opioids, heroin, and stimulants. Pearson χ2 tests detected quarter-to-quarter changes, and joinpoint regression analysis assessed trends over time. RESULTS: On average, there was a 2.0% increase for youth aged 0 to 10 years and a 2.3% increase for youth aged 11 to 14 years for suspected all-drug overdoses. Suspected heroin overdoses decreased by an average of 3.3% per quarter for youth aged 15 to 24 years. Among all age groups, suspected stimulant overdoses increased across the study period, 3.3% for 0 to 10-year-olds, 4.0% for 11- to 14-year-olds, and 2.3% for 15- to 24-year-olds. CONCLUSIONS: Suspected stimulant-involved drug overdoses appear to be rising among youth. These findings could inform targeted interventions, such as stimulant-focused prevention, and comprehensive approaches, including school-based prevention and other strategies to lower morbidity and mortality.
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- Authors
- Roehler, D. R., Olsen, E. O., Mustaquim, D., & Vivolo-Kantor, A. M.
- Affiliations
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Corresponding author
- Roehler, Douglas R.
- Venue
- Pediatrics
- Publisher
- American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
- Published
- 2021-01-01
- Volume
- 147
- Issue
- 1
- ISSN
- 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-4275
- PMC
- PMC9541269
- OpenAlex
- W3111601762
- Semantic Scholar
- adc83687b7644ec9a084dbffa2df36bbbc8a894d
- Cited by
- 37
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 3.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (CC999999)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › Poisoning and overdose treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- drug overdose, youth, opioid overdose, heroin overdose, stimulant overdose, emergency department visits, syndromic surveillance, substance use, overdose trends, school-based prevention
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Regression Analysis, Retrospective Studies, United States, Young Adult, Public Health Surveillance, Drug Overdose
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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