Post-extrasystolic Blood Pressure Potentiation as a Risk Predictor in Cardiac Patients
Open accessAbstract
For more than 100 years physicians have observed that heartbeats following extrasystolic beats are characterised by augmented myocardial contractility. This phenomenon was termed post-extrasystolic potentiation (PESP). In the 1970s it was first noted that PESP measured at the blood pressure level is typically pronounced in heart failure patients. Only recently, it was shown that PESP measured non-invasively as post-extrasystolic blood pressure potentiation was a strong and independent predictor of death in survivors of myocardial infarction and in patients with chronic heart failure. A similar parameter (PESP Afib) can be also assessed in patients with atrial fibrillation. PESP and PESP Afib can be understood as non-invasive parameters that indicate myocardial dysfunction. They have the potential to improve risk stratification strategies for cardiac patients.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The increase in cardiac contractility after a prolonged beat (due to an extrasystolic beat or AF) is greater in HF patients.
“the increase in cardiac contractility after a prolonged beat (due to an extrasystolic beat or AF) is greater in HF patients”
From Wearable Photoplethysmography for Cardiovascular Monitoring (2022) · cites this paper as [261]
Cites
Wier, W. G., & Yue, D. T. (1986) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1986.sp016167 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Endoh, M. (2004) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.07.013 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Dagres, N., & Hindricks, G. (2013) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/eht109 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Postextrasystolic Potentiation of Contraction in Cardiac Muscle
Hoffman, B. F., Bindler, E., & Suckling, E. E. (1956) · American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content · doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1956.185.1.95 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Postextrasystolic potentiation. Do we really know what it means and how to use it?
Cooper, M. W. (1993) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.88.6.2962 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Modeling short-term interval-force relations in cardiac muscle
Rice, J. J., Jafri, M. S., & Winslow, R. L. (2000) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.2000.278.3.h913 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Seed, W. A., Noble, M. I. M., Walker, J. M., Miller, G. A., Pidgeon, J., Redwood, D. R., Wanless, R. B., Franz, M. R., Schoettler, M., & Schaefer, J. (1984) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.70.5.799 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Hardman, S. M. C., Noble, M. I. M., & Seed, W. A. (1992) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.86.4.1223 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Voss, A., Baier, V., Schumann, A., Hasart, A., Reinsperger, F., Schirdewan, A., Osterziel, K. J., & LEDER, U. (2002) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2001.013044 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Bauer, A., Morley‐Davies, A., Barthel, P., Müller, A., Ulm, K., Malík, M., & Schmidt, G. P. (2010) · Journal of Electrocardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2010.05.012 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationIribe, G., Kohl, P. K., & Noble, D. (2006) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1098/rsta.2006.1758 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Postextrasystolic Ventricular Pressure Responses
Beck, W., Chesler, E., & Schrire, V. (1971) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.44.4.523 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Bickel, H., Ander, K., Brönner, M., Etgen, T., Gnahn, H., Gotzler, O., Poppert, H., Pürner, K., Sander, D., & Förstl, H. (2012) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.112.000786 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Influence of Transgenic Overexpression of Phospholamban on Postextrasystolic Potentiation
Hoit, B. D., Tramuta, D. A., Kadambi, V. J., Dash, R., Ball, N. A., Kranias, E. G., & Walsh, R. A. (1999) · Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology · doi:10.1006/jmcc.1999.1031 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Postextrasystolic Blood Pressure Potentiation Predicts Poor Outcome of Cardiac Patients
Sinnecker, D., Dirschinger, R. J., Barthel, P., Müller, A., Morley‐Davies, A., Hapfelmeier, A., Dommasch, M., Huster, K. M., Hasenfuss, G. P., Laugwitz, K., et al. (2014) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.114.000857 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationKVASNICKA, J., Liander, B., Broman, H., & Varnauskas, E. (1975) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/9.3.336 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Post-extrasystolic left ventricular peak pressure with and without left ventricular failure
Merillon, J. P., Motté, G., Aumont, M. C., Masquet, C., Lecarpentier, Y., & Gourgon, R. (1979) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/13.6.338 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Postextrasystolic aortic pressure pulse response in coronary artery disease
Hamby, R. I., Aintablian, A., Roberts, G. S., & Kramer, R. J. (1978) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/0002-8703(78)90086-8 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Sinnecker, D., Barthel, P., Huster, K. M., Müller, A., Gebhardt, J., Dommasch, M., Schneider, S., Steger, A., Laugwitz, K., Malík, M., et al. (2015) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.01.018 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Wearable Photoplethysmography for Cardiovascular Monitoring
Charlton, P. H., Kyriacou, P. A., Mant, J., Marozas, V., Chowienczyk, P., & Alastruey, J. (2022) · Proceedings of the IEEE · doi:10.1109/jproc.2022.3149785 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Mechanisms and Risk Factors for Premature Ventricular Contraction Induced Cardiomyopathy
Shen, X., Zhu, X., Zuo, L., Liu, X., & Qin, M. (2023) · Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.31083/j.rcm2412353 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Association Between Atrial Fibrillation and Long-term Mortality in Acute MI Patients
Bauke, F., Meisinger, C., Raake, P. W. J., Linseisen, J., & Schmitz, T. (2024) · Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Review · doi:10.15420/aer.2024.21 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Бітчук, М. Д. (2019) · EMERGENCY MEDICINE · doi:10.22141/2224-0586.5.100.2019.177013 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Mulpuru, S. K., & Witt, C. M. (2017) · JACC. Clinical electrophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacep.2017.07.010 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Shubik, Y. V., Борисович, К. А., Baturova, M. A., Morozov, A. N., Пивоваров, В. В., Zaitsev, G. К., Тихоненко, В. М., Kormilitsyn, A. Y., Гордеева, М. В., & Berman, M. V. (2024) · Journal of Arrhythmology · doi:10.35336/va-1387
Modeling the post-extrasystolic potentiation to determine heart failure
Montree, R. J. H., Peri, E., Dekker, L., Long, X., Haakma, R., & Vullings, R. (2026) · Frontiers in Signal Processing · doi:10.3389/frsip.2026.1909928
- Authors
- Steger, A., 1st Medical Clinic and Policlinic, K. R. D. I., Sinnecker, D., 1st Medical Clinic and Policlinic, K. R. D. I., Barthel, P., 1st Medical Clinic and Policlinic, K. R. D. I., Müller, A., 1st Medical Clinic and Policlinic, K. R. D. I., Gebhardt, J., 1st Medical Clinic and Policlinic, K. R. D. I., Schmidt, G., & 1st Medical Clinic and Policlinic, K. R. D. I.
- Affiliations
- TUM Klinikum (DE)
- Venue
- Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Review
- Publisher
- Radcliffe Medical Media Ltd
- Published
- 2016
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 27
- ISSN
- 2050-3369 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4939308
- OpenAlex
- W2399464813
- Cited by
- 8
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 0.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Review (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Keywords
- postextrasystolic potentiation, extrasystoles, cardiac contractility, heart failure, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, risk stratification, mortality prediction, noninvasive cardiac assessment, cardiac dysfunction
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
