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Empresas constructoras de caminos. La “Sociedad empresaria del camino de herradura de García Rovira a Casanare”. 1860-1880
Open accessAbstract
The article analyzes some managing and financial dynamics within the “Bridle path from García Rovira to Casanare business society” between 1870 and 1880. Thus the article analyses the context in which the society is established, the role and duties from the members and relationships around this business society. According to this, it is highlighted the leadership from the General Solón Wilches, President from the Santander State and his interest on the construction of a trading way towards Los Llanos del Casanare. Finally, this article offers an understanding about the accounting and member’s statement, from the company’s account books.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This article reconstructs the internal operation and political-economic networks of the Sociedad empresaria del camino de herradura de García Rovira a Casanare, a road-construction company in Santander, Colombia, between 1866 and 1892 (with title focus 1860–1880). It argues that the company functioned through liberal political ties, family/commercial networks, and state subsidies, while shareholder debt and war-related funding shortfalls undermined its road works.
Key findings
- The society was established on 18 January 1868 in Villa de la Concepción and extended its influence to Málaga, Cerrito, Carcasí, San Andrés, Tequia, Enciso, Capitanejo, Servitá, and outside the department in Socorro and San Gil; Solón Wilches’s political influence helped it win the bid to explore the route between Santander and the Llanos.
- In 1870 the society’s income reached $49,404.87; government contributions for 1870 totaled $40,000, member entry contributions reached $8,200, and the rest came from the first two installment payments. Shares ranged from 150 to 200, with an individual value reported as 200,000 pesos.
- The company lent unused funds at 1 to 2.5% monthly, with loans from $16 to $500 payable over two to seven months; by 1872 many prominent shareholders had become debtors, and debts between 1875 and 1879 led to a proposal to expel members owing more than two years of installments.
- Expenses from 1870 to 1872 included tools, provisions, and transport, with Moisés Barón as director of works in Málaga controlling operations; Table 2 reports accounts payable to Barón totaling 680.52 for 1871.
Methods
- Historical/economic-history case study using archival sources from the Centro de Documentación e Investigación Histórico Regional–Universidad Industrial de Santander (CDIHR-UIS) and the Archivo Wilches: company statutes, balance books, daily books, treasury “cargo” and “data” ledgers, reports, minutes, official letters, receipts, payment orders, notarial records, and microfilm.
- Analyzes the company’s internal structure, shareholder networks, and financial flows through concepts of “network” (Hausberger) and Braudel’s “instruments of circulation” and societies as indicators of economic life.
- Covers company records from 1866 to 1892, despite the title’s 1860–1880 framing.
Limitations
- Stated: the archival series “parecen incompletas” (appear incomplete), though they contain varied information on the company’s consolidation, statutes, internal organization, and accounts.
- Evident from the text: reliance mainly on the Archivo Wilches/CDIHR-UIS and company records may privilege the Wilches network and elite shareholders; the text also presents some monetary figures with inconsistent punctuation, making exact totals difficult to verify.
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Claims the paper makes
0 of 16 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Este lugar fue el núcleo de confluencia de varias vías de comunicación entre ellas: el camino que venía desde Socorro, los caminos de Sogamoso y Lebrija, de Barrancabermeja, Paturia, Carare y el camino hacia Los Cachos, un puerto sobre el río Zulia.”
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In the paper
“Al igual que una parte de los accionistas, sus recursos económicos no alcanzaron para cubrir los gastos que exigía ser miembro de la sociedad empresaria.”
§ Clara > Los ingresos (cargo) de la sociedad
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesThe paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“El aporte que el Estado y la Nación depositaron en la sociedad empresaria debía ser asegurado por cada socio bajo la hipoteca de una propiedad.”
§ Clara > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesThe paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Inicialmente la sociedad fue de capitales teniendo en cuenta el concepto de “sociedad por acciones”.”
§ Clara > Abstract
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In the paper
“Asimismo, parte del capital se dispuso para otorgar préstamos como una forma de poner a interés los fondos no usados de la Compañía.”
§ Clara > Los ingresos (cargo) de la sociedad
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesThe paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Para cambiar la exclusividad de dichas vías, el 14 de marzo de 1867 personajes como el General Wilches, Moisés Barón y Evaristo Rangel, suministraron al Jefe departamental de García Rovira, el documento que detallaba la exploración en toda su longitud del terreno hacia el distrito de Tame, lugar intermedio entre el Departamento de García Rovira y Casanare.”
§ Clara > Abstract
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In the paper
“Las medidas señalaban que los socios no podían abandonar la empresa sin previo consentimiento de la misma, de lo contrario terminaban incurriendo en la pérdida del dinero abonado con anterioridad.”
§ Clara > Abstract
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“Gracias a estas alianzas y al apoyo que le proporcionaron sus familiares, Solón Wilches ganó la licitación para la exploración de la ruta entre Santander y los Llanos (Duarte Borrero 1992, 245).”
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What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Duarte Borrero 1992, 245
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“La Sociedad se estableció en la Villa de la Concepción el 18 de enero de 1868,foot_0 y se conformó con un grupo de amigos, empresarios, políticos y miembros de familias estrechamente vinculadas con la región de García Rovira.”
§ Clara > Abstract
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“Los deudores asumieron sus deudas pagando con dinero en efectivo o con bienes equivalentes a las mismas, lo cual hizo necesario “nombrar depositario i avaluadores de ellos para los que haya lugar a denunciarles i embargarles”.”
§ Clara > Los ingresos (cargo) de la sociedad
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [16]
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- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
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In the paper
“El resto correspondió a los dos primeros meses del pago de instalamentos.”
§ Clara > Los ingresos (cargo) de la sociedad
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In the paper
“A pesar de que al comienzo el aporte de los socios generó entradas a la tesorería de la empresa, éste no era una actividad continua; tal situación se convirtió en el punto de debate durante las frecuentes crisis económicas.”
§ Clara > Los ingresos (cargo) de la sociedad
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [20]
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In the paper
“Rangel denunció una mula retinta “que tiene aquí en su casa i que nombra por su parte para perito avaluador a Juan José Navarro i depositario i para fiador de saneamiento presenta al señor Pedro Pablo Suárez”.”
§ Clara > Los ingresos (cargo) de la sociedad
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [17]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedSingle caseTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Hacia 1870 los ingresos de la sociedad empresaria alcanzaron el valor de $49.404,87.”
§ Clara > Los ingresos (cargo) de la sociedad
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Éstas incluían la distribución mediante un número de acciones que iban desde 150 hasta 200, cuyo valor individual equivalía a doscientos mil pesos; de modo que cada socio contaba con porciones del capital a través de estas acciones o fondos.”
§ Clara > Abstract
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In the paper
“Aunque este fuera un requisito indispensable para convertirse en accionista, en el momento de pagar sus deudas el discurso obligatorio recaía sobre la falta de recursos económicos para cubrirlas.”
§ Clara > Los ingresos (cargo) de la sociedad
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In the paper
“Dentro de los principales deudores se encontraban Juan de Jesús Suárez, Antenor Montero, Ramón Wilches Calderón, Domnino Castro, Jacinto Rangel, Cenon Fonseca, Crisóstomo Quiroz, Pacifico Rincón, Napoleón Angarita, José María Ruiz, Fructuoso Higuera, Rosario Escalante, entre otros.”
§ Clara > Los ingresos (cargo) de la sociedad
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [22]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sin embargo, se mantuvo al margen de las cuentas y de la presidencia de la sociedad, lo cual limitó su participación en el consejo directivo como fundador, miembro honorario y principal accionista manteniendo un promedio de cinco acciones.12”
§ Clara > Los ingresos (cargo) de la sociedad
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In the paper
“Las incautaciones incluían bienes muebles, inmuebles, sueldo, renta o pensiones o crédito, cuyo valor fuera suficiente para cubrir la cantidad, así como las costas del juicio.”
§ Clara > Los ingresos (cargo) de la sociedad
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [16]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
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- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“El interés iba de 1 a 2 ½ % mensual y el monto del préstamo oscilaba entre $16 hasta $500 a pagar entre dos y siete meses.”
§ Clara > Los ingresos (cargo) de la sociedad
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“La sociedad empresarial tuvo influencia en la villa de la Concepción, su sede principal, también en Málaga, Cerrito, Carcasí, San Andrés, Tequia, Enciso, Capitanejo, Servitá, e incluso su control se extendió por fuera del departamento en Socorro y San Gil.foot_1”
§ Clara > Abstract
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A lo anterior se adiciona el incumplimiento de la mayoría de los socios, quienes inicialmente cumplieron con los aportes obligatorios para pertenecer a la sociedad, pero luego, y por sus quejas sobre las pocas utilidades del negocio y por la irresponsabilidad de los deudores, no pagaban los dineros prestados.”
§ Clara > Los ingresos (cargo) de la sociedad
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“En 1872 ingresaron a las cajas de la compañía $45, en 1873 $213,841, en 1874 $591,23, en 1875 $305,99, y en 1876 $487,7; generados como réditos de la empresa a socios y particulares.”
§ Clara > Los ingresos (cargo) de la sociedad
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In the paper
“De hecho, todas sus deudas procedían de mercancías o efectos, 19 que tenía expuestos a la venta en la plaza de San Andrés.”
§ Clara > Los ingresos (cargo) de la sociedad
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [19]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“accionistas como Estanislao Silva, Aristocles Gaona, José María Ruíz, Evaristo Rangel, José de la Paz Ortiz, Joaquín Calderón, el secretario Jacinto Rangel, Celso Serna, el presidente de la sociedad empresaria Fortunato Bernal, Milciades Wilches y el segundo vicepresidente de la sociedad Braulio Cáceres presentaban dificultades con el pago de sus obligaciones.”
§ Clara > Los ingresos (cargo) de la sociedad
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In the paper
“Todo ello relacionado en los libros bajo las denominaciones de “cargo” y “data”, es decir, los ingresos y los gastos respectivamente, cuentas que la sociedad movía a diario como prueba de su seguridad y estabilidad económica.”
§ Clara > Abstract
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gaona y los otros accionistas deudores señalaban reiteradamente que no poseía bienes muebles o inmuebles alguno.”
§ Clara > Los ingresos (cargo) de la sociedad
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Fue, incluso en calidad de presidente del Estado, miembro principal de la junta de socios, y sus inversiones financiaron por un tiempo las cuentas de la sociedad.”
§ Clara > Los ingresos (cargo) de la sociedad
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“En consecuencia, se produjo el respaldo de las deudas por bienes de uso común, como sucedió con Evaristo Rangel al exigírsele el pago de la deuda de treinta pesos por cuenta del primer y segundo instalamento.”
§ Clara > Los ingresos (cargo) de la sociedad
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“La información contenida en los libros contables de la sociedad empresaria tales como cartas, actas, libros diarios, balances finales, recibos de pago, relaciones de ingresos y gastos dan cuenta de las persistencias económicas y políticas de los personajes involucrados en la sociedad, así como de sus cambios organizacionales entre 1866 y 1892.”
§ Clara > Abstract
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Con fuertes lazos de regionalismo, otros personajes se fueron adhiriendo a la compleja red de relaciones creada en torno a la sociedad.Entre los principales, dispuestos a buscar el desarrollo comercial de la región de García Rovira, se encontraban Moisés Barón, Domnino Castro, Anténor Montero, Milciades Wilches, Natividad Meneses, Jacinto Rangel, Ramón Wilches Calderón, Antenor Montero, Fortunato”
§ Clara > Abstract
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Dichos vínculos hacían referencia a los comerciantes del Departamento de Soto, quienes manipulaban una esfera de desarrollo concentrada exclusivamente en Bucaramanga, su capital.”
§ Clara > Abstract
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Entre 1870 a 1872 se registró una gran variedad de provisiones utilizadas para el servicio de la empresa.”
§ Clara > Gastos (data) de la tesorería
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In the paper
“La reparación de las herramientas generaba el aumento en los gastos, pues el hecho de “poner la pala a cada uno de diez cubos de hierro y darle la forma de barra” tenía un precio de ¢90.”
§ Clara > Gastos (data) de la tesorería
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In the paper
“La diversidad de proveedores que colaboraban a la empresa es destacada.Se trataba de comerciantes que vendían al por mayor y al detal, de acuerdo con las circunstancias o a las necesidades más urgentes.”
§ Clara > Gastos (data) de la tesorería
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In the paper
“Es el caso particular de Fortunato Bernal, quien cobró en 1872: $8,5 por el viaje a la Norma de 4 oficiales de herrería, flete para la conducción de unas cajas de fierro, acero i carbón.”
§ Clara > Gastos (data) de la tesorería
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“En general, la distancia entre Málaga y el lugar donde se construía uno de los tramos del camino, aumentaba el costo de las piezas de herramientas, víveres y demás artículos.”
§ Clara > Gastos (data) de la tesorería
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Aumentaban también los gastos procedentes de la compra de elementos de escritorio para uso del Concejo Directivo, los gastos de la construcción de varias porciones de camino y el cuidado de los bienes de la empresa como casas y herramientas.”
§ Clara > Gastos (data) de la tesorería
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Estos gastos eran asumidos en un primer momento por el director de obras, quien mensualmente cobraba al tesorero de la empresa.”
§ Clara > Gastos (data) de la tesorería
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Ahora bien, la variada organización y administración recogida en los libros de “cargo” y “data”, en los balances, los libros diarios y la gran cantidad de documentos relativos a la estructura interna de empresa constructora, dan cuenta de aquellos aspectos que pueden parecer rutinarios: la compra de un toro, una hacha o el gasto en el sueldo de un peón o un tesorero.”
§ Clara > A manera de conclusión
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In the paper
“Entre éstas se podían encontrar desde toldos y ollas de cobre, hasta sacos ordinarios, alpargatas y jabones.”
§ Clara > Gastos (data) de la tesorería
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In the paper
“Tal fue el caso de Eliodoro Navas, quién en julio de 1870 recibió el pago de $6 por la compra de herramientas y el traslado de las mismas desde Socorro.”
§ Clara > Gastos (data) de la tesorería
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [25]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
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In the paper
“Agregando además $4,50 por el flete de dos bagajes de caja para conducir fierro i acero de Málaga a la Norma, un bagaje de silla i un peón que devuelve esos mismo bagajes; $1 por la conducción de tres cargas de carbón al mismo punto y $3 por los alimentos para el viaje de cuatro oficiales de herrería que siguieron a la Norma a calzar la herramienta.”
§ Clara > Gastos (data) de la tesorería
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [24]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedSingle caseTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Dichos ingresos fueron importantes ganancias para el capital de la sociedad.”
§ Clara > Los ingresos (cargo) de la sociedad
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Esta peculiar forma de recaudar fondos dejaba a cada uno de los socios infractores como deudores directos de la sociedad, lo que convertía sus compromisos en obligaciones de crédito reconocido.”
§ Clara > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“La cercanía entre estos personajes permitió que se integraran activamente en la empresa, buscando que en el papel de “promotores se hicieran participes del fenómeno de control de la circulación de productos en el interior del Estado, como se venía haciendo evidente entre los grupos de comerciantes de Soto y Cúcuta” (Duarte Borrero 1992, 245).”
§ Clara > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Duarte Borrero 1992, 245
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“La observación de Barón tiene relación con la reducción de las utilidades y el aumento de los gastos de administración, debido a que el Gobierno Nacional y al Estado Soberano, no le suministraron los aportes acordados como consecuencia de las guerras durante algunos años.”
§ Clara > Los ingresos (cargo) de la sociedad
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Como comerciante al por menor Gaona aprovechó su incursión en la sociedad empresaria del camino para ampliar su círculo comercial.”
§ Clara > Los ingresos (cargo) de la sociedad
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Desde esta perspectiva, los vínculos de la sociedad empresarial empiezan a entrelazarse al momento de la compra de acciones, demostrando la analogía entre poder y cantidad, es decir, a mayor cantidad de acciones mayor multiplicidad de sus inversiones, e incremento de las ventajas obtenidas como resultado del repartimiento de las utilidades de la empresa.”
§ Clara > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Todo lleva a una importante interrelación de procesos económicos y políticos mediante la insuficientemente estudiada diversificación de actividades.”
§ Clara > A manera de conclusión
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A través de la construcción de caminos, estos grupos buscaron los favores del gobierno liberal independiente, para sus propios negocios personales, insertados en un conjunto de relaciones entre paisanos y socios comerciales, incluso, entre políticos involucrados como inversionistas.”
§ Clara > A manera de conclusión
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Estos mismos agentes se encargaban del transporte o conducción de los materiales, que sugería un tipo de especulación, respaldada por la aparición de nuevas empresas que generaban empleos ocasionales con miras al establecimiento de productos de primera necesidad.”
§ Clara > Gastos (data) de la tesorería
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“La inversión en construcción de caminos permite advertir no sólo cómo era la materialización de los mismos en el espacio geográfico, también sugiere otra interpretación orientada al funcionamiento del interior de las empresas constructoras como fue el caso de la Sociedad empresaria del camino de García Rovira a Casanare.”
§ Clara > A manera de conclusión
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Listed loan falls below the stated minimum
MinorThe text says loans ranged from $16 to $500, but its list of borrowers includes a $12 loan.
“el monto del préstamo oscilaba entre $16 hasta $500 a pagar entre dos y siete meses.”
“Juan Bautista Ramírez ($12)”
Citations
Cites
Still being checked.
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Duarte Borrero, Juan Fernando. 1992. La integración económica de Santan- der con el Casanare en el siglo XIX: El proyecto de Solón Wilches. En Por los caminos del llano: a través de su historia. Tomo III. 3er. simposio interna- cional sobre historia de los llanos colombo-venezolanos, julio 27-31, pp. 237- 249. Arauca: Academia de Historia de Arauca/Procultura. Gaceta de Santander Informe de los presidentes del Estado Soberano de Santander a la Asamblea Lejislativa 1870 -1875.
Cited by
Still being checked.
Metadata
- Authors
- Careño Tarazona, C. I.
- Venue
- HiSTOReLo. Revista de Historia Regional y Local
- Publisher
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia
- Published
- 2011-01-01
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 49
- ISSN
- 2145-132X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1915118909
- Cited by
- 0
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- es
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- HiSTOReLo Revista de Historia Regional y Local (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Americanae (AECID Library) (publishedVersion)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Repositorio Institucional UN - Biblioteca Digital (acceptedVersion)
- Americanae (AECID Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Redalyc (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Redalyc (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › History and Politics in Latin America
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › Historical Studies in Latin America
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Historical Economic and Social Studies
- Keywords
- road construction companies, Casanare, commercial roads, business and society, corporate members, accounting records, 19th-century Colombia
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-11-10, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-11-10 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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