Cited by 0Indian and Buddhist StudiesSoutheast Asian Sociopolitical StudiesVietnamese History and Culture Studies

Women in British Buddhism: Commitment, Connection, Community, by Caroline Starkey.

Open access
Clarke, Nathan H.·2021·Buddhist Studies Review

Abstract

Women in British Buddhism: Commitment, Connection, Community, by Caroline Starkey. Routledge, 2020. 222pp., Hb. £120, ISBN-13: 9781138087460; Ebook £33.29, ISBN 13: 9781315110455.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1558/bsrv.21200

Cites

3 of 3 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

0 of 15 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged

  • Findingown data

    Starkey stresses heterogeneity in feminist and gender-equality approaches among participants and across traditions and schools.

    “Starkey emphasizes the heterogeneity in the approaches to feminism and gender equality between participants as well as between traditions and schools.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingnone given

    Organization, teaching, finances, and manual labour are treated as shared responsibilities in most settings.

    “The pragmatic challenges of organization, teaching, finances, and manual labour are considered shared responsibilities within most settings.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Findingcitation

    The book is the first study across multiple traditions to focus sustained, concentrated attention on the experiences of ordained Buddhist women.

    “providing the first”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [3]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Findingown data

    Participants commonly valued feeling connected to their faith through clothing.

    “Common to the participants was the importance of feeling connected to their faith through clothing, as one individual eloquently articulated,”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [111]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Findingnone given

    Within institutional boundaries, gender perceptions appear mostly suspended or significantly challenged.

    “Within institutional boundaries, gender perceptions appear (for the most part) suspended or significantly challenged.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 13
  • May combine two claims. 12
  • The quote only partly states this claim. 1
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Findingcitation

    Starkey examines potential spiritual conflict through dress using two Buddhist realities: the everyday/conventional, where dress matters, and the ultimate, where it does not.

    “Starkey explores the potential for spiritual conflict through dress via a nuanced construction of two Buddhist realities:”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [108]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Most practitioners in the sample were white and older, with most over 50.

    “most of the practitioners were white and older, with most being over 50.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Some women saw ordination as the next logical step in their religious journey, with more retreats, study groups, and meditation; others described their calling in Buddhist terms, including awareness of dukkha or a wish for deeper sangha connection.

    “While some considered ordination as the next logical step in their religious journey, with increased access to retreats and study groups and the opportunity for deeper engagement with meditation practices, others articulated their calling through Buddhist terminology, expressing an awareness of dukkha, or a desire for a deeper connection to the sangha.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Findingnone given

    The book is unique in its multi-traditional approach to British Buddhist women's narratives.

    “The book is unique in its multi-traditional approach to the study of British Buddhist women's narratives”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Women were allowed to ordain while keeping family responsibilities and celibate long-term relationships, with spiritual benefits and practical difficulties in balancing religious and family life.

    “She explores the experiences of women who were permitted to ordain while maintaining familial responsibilities and celibate long-term relationships, highlighting particularly the spiritual benefits and practical difficulties of their managing both religious and family life.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • May combine two claims. The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingcitation

    Naming is not listed among the four requisites in Buddhist vinayas, but the women in the study treat it as an important part of the ordained outfit.

    “Though naming is not alluded to in Buddhist vinayas as one of the”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [107]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingcitation

    The book identifies common conversion catalysts: dissatisfaction or dukkha, a search for epistemological meaning, and a desire for connection and community.

    “she posits several catalysts as common influences in the decision to convert: a feeling of dissatisfaction or dukkha (65), a search for epistemological meaning (66), and a desire for connection and community (68).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites [65]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [66]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [68]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Findingcitation

    Starkey describes an individual and communal motivation to join and contribute to a community of like-minded others.

    “Starkey articulates the individual and communal motivation to partake in and contribute to”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [101]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingnone given

    Social media helped the women maintain relationships with family, friends, and local communities.

    “Furthermore, social media similarly allowed the women to maintain relationships with their family, friends, and local communities.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    Starkey classifies conversion stories by how contact occurred: accidental, casual, or a committed search for religious belonging.

    “Starkey categorizes conversion narratives by the method of contact, denoting whether this was”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Many practitioners see feminism as political, others as forceful, and some as irrelevant to Buddhist practice.

    “For many of the practitioners, feminism is understood as political, others comprehend it as forceful, and some as entirely irrelevant to the Buddhist endeavour.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The reasons given for pursuing ordination are both spiritual and practical.

    “The reasons provided for engaging with this path are both spiritual and practical.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The book is a revision of Starkey's 2015 doctoral research and presents narratives of twenty-five women from seven Buddhist traditions.

    “The study is a revision of her 2015 doctoral research project, which showcases the narratives of twenty-five women from seven Buddhist traditions.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • May combine two claims.

    Findingreasoning

    Dress is presented as producing both physical and internal changes and challenges.

    “In this sense,”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingcitation

    For young Buddhist lay practitioners, gender equality is a non-negotiable part of their practice.

    “She notes that, for young Buddhist lay practitioners, gender equality is considered a”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Page and Yip's (2017)

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingcitation

    Starkey does not theorize the term 'woman' when introducing her sample.

    “As already pointed out by Amy Langenberg in her review of this book, Starkey fails to theorize the term”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Amy Langenberg

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Findingcitation

    Starkey gives space to overlooked ordained Buddhist women in Britain and uniquely focuses on underexplored micro-practices, stressing the importance of rank-and-file practitioners to wider institutional understandings.

    “Starkey devotes space to the overlooked voices of ordained Buddhist women in Britain and provides a unique focus on its underexplored micro-practices, emphasizing the importance of its”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [10]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Women ordained in British Buddhism have received little academic attention compared with ordained British men and are neglected and undervalued by scholars in the sociology of Buddhism.

    “women who have taken Buddhist ordination in Britain have received limited academic attention”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [3]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Starkey systematically reveals the heterogeneous reality of Buddhist practice as a product of her research design and multi-tradition engagement.

    “Throughout the book, Starkey systematically exposes the heterogeneous reality of Buddhist practice, evident as a unique product of her research design and diverse multi-tradition engagement.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Starkey defines a unique ordination framework suited to British convert Buddhism through commitment, connection, and community.

    “It is through these structures that Starkey defines a unique framework for ordination which is appropriate to the context of British convert Buddhism.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Starkey uses Linda B. Arthur's argument that dress is a cultural snapshot needing detailed study because it can express complex concepts, ideas, and values.

    “Starkey draws on the perspective of Linda B. Arthur (1991), as she argues that dress provides a cultural snapshot which requires detailed investigation due to its potential to express complex concepts, ideas, and values.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Arthur (1991)

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Trans Buddhists face isolation, marginalization, discrimination, erasure, and transphobia in their sanghas.

    “As Manders articulates,”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Manders (2019)

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

22 of 22
  • The authors state this as an assumption.

    The term 'woman' in Starkey's sample is based on self-identification.

    “It is therefore assumed that this stems from self-identification.”
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The subject of dress is underexplored in the surrounding literature, especially regarding its effect on inner spiritual changes.

    “The subject of dress is certainly underexplored by the surrounding corpus of literature, particularly in relation to its effect on inner spiritual changes.”
2 of 2

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.

  • Arthur's publication year differs between the text and references

    Minor

    The discussion cites Linda B. Arthur's work as published in 1991, but the reference list gives 1999.

1 of 1

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Authors
Clarke, N. H.
Affiliations
University of Nottingham (GB)
Corresponding author
Clarke, Nathan H.
Venue
Buddhist Studies Review
Published
2021-11-25
Volume
38
Issue
2
ISSN
  • 0265-2897 (ISSN-L)
  • 1747-9681
OpenAlex
W3217021108
Cited by
0
References
3
FWCI
0.00
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
Buddhist Studies Review (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Religious studies › Indian and Buddhist Studies
  • Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Southeast Asian Sociopolitical Studies
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Vietnamese History and Culture Studies
Keywords
women in Buddhism, gender and religion, Buddhist communities

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Claims read by deepseek-v4.1-flash under definition version 3 (extract-v3) on 2026-10-04.

Classified by jev-1.13-20260917 (gold-guideline-v0.2) on 2026-10-04.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review