The DOI matches its Crossref record; 5 of the 5 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Suicide Rates by Occupational Group — 17 States, 2012
Abstract
In 2012, approximately 40,000 suicides were reported in the United States, making suicide the 10th leading reported cause of death for persons aged ≥16 years (1). From 2000 to 2012, rates of suicide among persons in this age group increased 21.1%, from 13.3 per 100,000 to 16.1 (1). To inform suicide prevention efforts, CDC analyzed suicide by occupational group, by ascribing occupational codes to 12,312 suicides in 17 states in 2012 from the National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) (2). The frequency of suicide in different occupational groups was examined, and rates of suicide were calculated by sex and age group for these categories. Persons working in the farming, fishing, and forestry group had the highest rate of suicide overall (84.5 per 100,000 population) and among males (90.5); the highest rates of suicide among females occurred among those working in protective service occupations (14.1). Overall, the lowest rate of suicide (7.5) was found in the education, training, and library occupational group. Suicide prevention approaches directed toward persons aged ≥16 years that enhance social support, community connectedness, access to preventive services, and the reduction of stigma and barriers to help-seeking are needed.
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“Paramedics and emergency service workers have been reported to have higher rates of depression, anxiety, PTSD, and associated psychological morbidities, as well as a higher risk of burnout and higher risk of mortality (Blau, 2011; Clompus & Albarran, 2016; McIntosh et al., 2016; Sterud, Ekeberg, & Hem, 2006).”
From Understanding the Occupational Factors that Influence Paramedic Health and Wellbeing (2024) · cites this paper as McIntosh et al., 2016
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Cites
Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS)
:unav (2009) · Harvard Dataverse · doi:10.7910/dvn/n8emxe · Cited by 1,803
CDC’s National Violent Death Reporting System: background and methodology
Paulozzi, L. J., Mercy, J. A., Frazier, L., & Annest, J. L. (2004) · Injury Prevention · doi:10.1136/ip.2003.003434 · Cited by 181
Suicide in U.S. Workplaces, 2003–2010
Tiesman, H. M., Konda, S., Hartley, D., Menéndez, C. K. C., Ridenour, M. L., & Hendricks, S. A. (2015) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2014.12.011 · Cited by 116
A Meta‐Analysis of Police Suicide Rates: Findings and Issues
Loo, R. (2003) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1521/suli.33.3.313.23209 · Cited by 82
Occupation and suicide: Colorado, 2004–2006
Stallones, L. F., Doenges, T., Dik, B. J., & Valley, M. (2013) · American Journal of Industrial Medicine · doi:10.1002/ajim.22228 · Cited by 56
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Langdon, R. R. (2021) · Queensland University of Technology · doi:10.5204/thesis.eprints.212902
Conducta suicida: Datos y propuestas en población peruana
Perales, A., Castro-Baca, M., Matos-Retamozo, L., Vásquez-Gómez, F., & Sjögren, M. H. (2023) · Diagnóstico · doi:10.33734/diagnostico.v62i3.472
The Role of Stress and Burnout in Occupational Suicide
Marceaux, H., Purcel, L. E., & Kennedy, T. D. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-85442-2_3
First-Responder Attachment–Related Distress and Suicide
Ponder, W. N., Carbajal, J., Schuman, D. L., Yockey, R. A., Galusha, J. M., & Stewart, C. (2025) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000003570
Nuvey, F. S., Kreppel, K., Nortey, P. A., Addo-Lartey, A. A., Sarfo, B. Y., Fokou, G., Ameme, D. K., Kenu, E., Sackey, S., Addo, K. K., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12414629
Nuvey, F. S., Kreppel, K., Nortey, P. A., Addo-Lartey, A. A., Sarfo, B. Y., Fokou, G., Ameme, D. K., Kenu, E., Sackey, S., Addo, K. K., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12414620
Nuvey, F. S., Kreppel, K., Nortey, P. A., Addo-Lartey, A. A., Sarfo, B. Y., Fokou, G., Ameme, D. K., Kenu, E., Sackey, S., Addo, K. K., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12414614
Nuvey, F. S., Kreppel, K., Nortey, P. A., Addo-Lartey, A. A., Sarfo, B. Y., Fokou, G., Ameme, D. K., Kenu, E., Sackey, S., Addo, K. K., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12414635
Flourishing in the High-risk Workplace
Peters, S. E., & Wagner, G. R. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197766101.003.0017
Metadata
- Authors
- McIntosh, W. L., Spies, E., Stone, D. M., Lokey, C. N., Trudeau, A.-R. T., & Bartholow, B.
- Corresponding author
- McIntosh, Wendy LiKamWa
- ORCID
- Spies, Erica
- Venue
- MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
- Published
- 2016-07-01
- Volume
- 65
- Issue
- 25
- Pages
- 641-645
- ISSN
- 0149-2195 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-861X
- OpenAlex
- W2468515517
- Cited by
- 111
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 26.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Status
- Retracted
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Agriculture and Farm Safety
- Keywords
- suicide, occupational groups, suicide rates, suicide prevention, National Violent Death Reporting System, sex differences, age groups, help-seeking, stigma
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Occupations, Suicide, United States, Young Adult
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