COVID-19 Trends Among School-Aged Children — United States, March 1–September 19, 2020
Open accessAbstract
Approximately 56 million school-aged children (aged 5-17 years) resumed education in the United States in fall 2020.* Analysis of demographic characteristics, underlying conditions, clinical outcomes, and trends in weekly coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) incidence during March 1-September 19, 2020 among 277,285 laboratory-confirmed cases in school-aged children in the United States might inform decisions about in-person learning and the timing and scaling of community mitigation measures. During May-September 2020, average weekly incidence (cases per 100,000 children) among adolescents aged 12-17 years (37.4) was approximately twice that of children aged 5-11 years (19.0). In addition, among school-aged children, COVID-19 indicators peaked during July 2020: weekly percentage of positive SARS-CoV-2 test results increased from 10% on May 31 to 14% on July 5; SARS-CoV-2 test volume increased from 100,081 tests on May 31 to 322,227 on July 12, and COVID-19 incidence increased from 13.8 per 100,000 on May 31 to 37.9 on July 19. During July and August, test volume and incidence decreased then plateaued; incidence decreased further during early September and might be increasing. Percentage of positive test results decreased during August and plateaued during September. Underlying conditions were more common among school-aged children with severe outcomes related to COVID-19: among school-aged children who were hospitalized, admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU), or who died, 16%, 27%, and 28%, respectively, had at least one underlying medical condition. Schools and communities can implement multiple, concurrent mitigation strategies and tailor communications to promote mitigation strategies to prevent COVID-19 spread. These results can provide a baseline for monitoring trends and evaluating mitigation strategies.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The incidence of Covid-19 is reported to be higher among 12-to-17-year-old adolescents than among younger children.
“The incidence of Covid-19 is reported to be higher among 12-to-17-year-old adolescents than among younger children.21”
From Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of the BNT162b2 covid-19 vaccine in adolescents (2021) · cites this paper as [21]
The majority of children with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection have been asymptomatic or had mild COVID-19 disease.
“During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the majority of children with confirmed infection have been asymptomatic or have had mild COVID-19 disease.2”
From SARS-CoV-2 vaccine testing and trials in the pediatric population: biologic, ethical, research, and implementation challenges (2021) · cites this paper as [2]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Coronavirus disease 2019 case surveillance—United States, January 22–May 30, 2020.
Stokes, E. K., Zambrano, L. D., Anderson, K. N., Marder, E. P., Raz, K. M., El Burai Felix, S., Tie, Y., & Fullerton, K. E. (2020) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6924e2 · Cited by 1,538 · see citing works
Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Children — United States, February 12–April 2, 2020
CDC COVID-19 Response Team, CDC COVID-19 Response Team, Bialek, S. R., Gierke, R., Hughes, M. M., McNamara, L. A., Pilishvili, T., & Skoff, T. H. (2020) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6914e4 · Cited by 1,525 · see citing works
COVID-19–Associated Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children — United States, March–July 2020
Godfred‐Cato, S., Bryant, B., Leung, J. W. T., Oster, M. E., Conklin, L. M., Abrams, J. Y., Roguski, K. M., Wallace, B., Prezzato, E., Koumans, E. H. A., et al. (2020) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6932e2 · Cited by 770 · see citing works
Self-citationA large COVID-19 outbreak in a high school 10 days after schools’ reopening, Israel, May 2020
Stein‐Zamir, C., Abramson, N., Shoob, H., Libal, E., Bitan, M., Cardash, T., Cayam, R., & Miskin, I. N. (2020) · Eurosurveillance · doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.29.2001352 · Cited by 409 · see citing works
Changing Age Distribution of the COVID-19 Pandemic — United States, May–August 2020
Boehmer, T. K., DeVies, J., Caruso, E. C., van Santen, K. L., Tang, S., Black, C. L., Hartnett, K. P., Kite-Powell, A., Dietz, S., Lozier, M., et al. (2020) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6939e1 · Cited by 322 · see citing works
Self-citationSARS-CoV-2–Associated Deaths Among Persons Aged <21 Years — United States, February 12–July 31, 2020
Bixler, D., Miller, A. D., Mattison, C. P., Taylor, B., Komatsu, K. K., Pompa, X. P., Moon, S., Karmarkar, E. N., Liu, C. Y., Openshaw, J. J., et al. (2020) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6937e4 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Lopez, A. S., Hill, M., Antezano, J., Vilven, D., Rutner, T., Bogdanow, L., Claflin, C., Kracalik, I. T., Fields, V. L., Dunn, A. C., et al. (2020) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6937e3 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Poline, J., Gaschignard, J., Leblanc, C., Madhi, F., Foucaud, E., Nattes, E., Faye, A., Bonacorsi, S., Mariani‐Kurkdjian, P., Varon, E., et al. (2020) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa1044 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
School openings across globe suggest ways to keep coronavirus at bay, despite outbreaks
(2020) · AAAS Articles DO Group · doi:10.1126/science.abd7107 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of the BNT162b2 covid-19 vaccine in adolescents
Frenck, R. W., Klein, N. P., Kitchin, N., Gurtman, A., Absalon, J., Lockhart, S., Perez, J. L., Walter, E. B., Senders, S., Bailey, R., et al. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2107456 · Cited by 889 · see citing works
Severe COVID-19 Infection and Pediatric Comorbidities: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Tsankov, B. K., Allaire, J. M., Irvine, M. A., Lopez, A., Sauve, L. J., Vallance, B. A., & Jacobson, K. (2020) · International Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.11.163 · Cited by 361 · see citing works
COVID-19 Trends Among Persons Aged 0–24 Years — United States, March 1–December 12, 2020
Leidman, E. Z., Duca, L. M., Omura, J. D., Proia, K. K., Stephens, J. W., & Sauber‐Schatz, E. K. (2021) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7003e1 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Incidence and secondary transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infections in schools
Zimmerman, K. O., Akinboyo, I. C., Brookhart, M. A., Boutzoukas, A. E., McGann, K. A., Smith, M. J., Maradiaga Panayotti, G., Armstrong, S. C., Bristow, H., Parker, D., et al. (2021) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2020-048090 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Association of Age With SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Response
Yang, H. S., Costa, V. A., Racine‐Brzostek, S., Acker, K. P., Yee, J. K., Chen, Z., Karbaschi, M., Zuk, R. F., Rand, S., Sukhu, A. C., et al. (2021) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.4302 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Bhimraj, A., Morgan, R. L., Shumaker, A. H., Baden, L. R., Cheng, V. C., Edwards, K. M., Gallagher, J. C., Gandhi, R. T., Muller, W. J., Nakamura, M., et al. (2022) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciac724 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
The Effect of COVID-19 on Education
Hoofman, J., & Secord, E. A. (2021) · Pediatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2021.05.009 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Kalish, H. R., Klumpp-Thomas, C. A., Hunsberger, S., Baus, H. A., Fay, M. P., Siripong, N., Wang, J., Hicks, J., Mehalko, J. L., Travers, J., et al. (2021) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.abh3826 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Harwood, R., Yan, H. H. N., Camara, N. T. D., Smith, C., Ward, J., Smith, C. T., Linney, M. J., Clark, M. P. A., Whittaker, E., Saatci, D., et al. (2022) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101287 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Acute covid-19 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children
Rubens, J. H., Akindele, N. P., Tschudy, M. M., & Sick-Samuels, A. C. (2021) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.n385 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Hobbs, C. V., Martin, L., Kim, S. S., Kirmse, B., Haynie, L., McGraw, S., Byers, P., Taylor, K. G., Patel, M. M., Flannery, B. L., et al. (2020) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6950e3 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Jone, P.-N., John, A., Oster, M. E., Allen, K., Tremoulet, A. H., Saarel, E. V., Lambert, L. M., Miyamoto, S. D., & de Ferranti, S. D. (2022) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000001064 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Model-driven mitigation measures for reopening schools during the COVID-19 pandemic
McGee, R. S., Homburger, J. R., Williams, H., Bergstrom, C. T., & Zhou, A. Y. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2108909118 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
COVID-19—Lessons Learned and Questions Remaining
Fang, F. C., Benson, C. A., del Rı́o, C., Edwards, K. M., Fowler, V. G., Fredricks, D. N., Limaye, A. P., Murray, B. E., Naggie, S., Pappas, P. G., et al. (2020) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa1654 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Characteristics of children admitted to hospital with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection in Canada in 2020
Drouin, O., Hepburn, C. M., Farrar, D. S., Baerg, K., Chan, K. J., Cyr, C., Donner, E. J., Embree, J. E., FARRELL, C. A., Forgie, S. E. D., et al. (2021) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.210053 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Hurst, J. H., Heston, S. M., Chambers, H. N., Cunningham, H. M., Price, M. J., Suarez, L., Crew, C., Bose, S., Aquino, J. N., Carr, S. T., et al. (2020) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa1693 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Doyle, T. J., Kendrick, K. B., Troelstrup, T., Gumke, M., Edwards, J., Chapman, S., Propper, R., Rivkees, S. A., & Blackmore, C. (2021) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7012e2 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
COVID 19 infection: Pediatric perspectives
Adeyinka, A., Bailey, K., Pierre, L., & Kondamudi, N. P. (2021) · Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians Open · doi:10.1002/emp2.12375 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Gilbert, L. K., Strine, T. W., Szucs, L. E., Crawford, T. N., Parks, S. E., Barradas, D. T., Njai, R. S., & Ko, J. Y. (2020) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6949a2 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citationAge-related Differences in the Nasal Mucosal Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2
Koch, C. M., Prigge, A. D., Anekalla, K. R., Shukla, A., Umehara, H. C. D., Setar, L., Chavez, J., Abdala‐Valencia, H., Politanska, Y., Markov, N. S., et al. (2021) · American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1165/rcmb.2021-0292oc · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Is there a role for childhood vaccination against COVID‐19?
Eberhardt, C. S., & Siegrist, C. (2020) · Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · doi:10.1111/pai.13401 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Cooper, D. M., Afghani, B., Byington, C. L., Cunningham, C. K., Golub, S., Lu, K. D., Radom-Aizik, S., Ross, L. F., Singh, J., Smoyer, W. E., et al. (2021) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1038/s41390-021-01402-z · Cited by 55 · see citing works
A mini-review on the effects of COVID-19 on younger individuals
Manivannan, M., Jogalekar, M. P., Kavitha, M. S., Maran, B. A. V., & Gangadaran, P. (2020) · Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1177/1535370220975118 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Urrunaga‐Pastor, D., Herrera‐Añazco, P., Uyen‐Cateriano, A., Toro-Huamanchumo, C. J., Rodriguez-Morales, A. J., Hernández, A. V., Benites-Zapata, V. A., & Bendezú-Quispe, G. (2021) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines9111303 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
COVID-19 in pediatric kidney transplantation: The Improving Renal Outcomes Collaborative
Varnell, C. D., Harshman, L. A., Smith, L. A., Liu, C., Chen, S., Al-Akash, S. I., Barletta, G., Belsha, C. W., Brakeman, P., Chaudhuri, A., et al. (2021) · American Journal of Transplantation · doi:10.1111/ajt.16501 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Oberg, C., Hodges, H., Gander, S., Nathawad, R., & Cutts, D. B. (2022) · Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care · doi:10.1016/j.cppeds.2022.101181 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Kriemler, S., Ulytė, A., Ammann, P., Peralta, G. P., Berger, C., Puhan, M. A., & Radtke, T. (2021) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2021.645577 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Why schools probably aren’t COVID hotspots
Lewis, D. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/d41586-020-02973-3 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Post, L. A., Issa, T. Z., Boctor, M. J., Moss, C. B., Murphy, R. L., Ison, M. G., Achenbach, C. J., Resnick, D., Singh, L. N., White, J. I., et al. (2020) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/24286 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“For COVID” or “With COVID”: Classification of SARS-CoV-2 Hospitalizations in Children
Kushner, L. E., Schroeder, A. R., Kim, J. J., & Mathew, R. (2021) · Hospital Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/hpeds.2021-006001 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Adherence to Masking Requirement During the COVID ‐19 Pandemic by Early Elementary School Children
Mickells, G. E., Figueroa, J., West, K. W., Wood, A. R., & McElhanon, B. O. (2021) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/josh.13033 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Back to School: The Effect of School Visits During COVID-19 on COVID-19 Transmission
Bravata, D. M., Cantor, J., Sood, N., & Whaley, C. (2021) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w28645 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
The Care of Children With Cancer During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Moreira, D. C., Millen, G. C., Sands, S. A., Kearns, P. R., & Hawkins, D. S. (2021) · American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book · doi:10.1200/edbk_321497 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Rankin, D. A., Talj, R., Howard, L. M., & Halasa, N. (2020) · Current Opinion in Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/mop.0000000000000971 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Bark, D., Dhillon, N., St‐Jean, M., Kinniburgh, B. A., McKee, G. R., & Choi, A. (2021) · CMAJ Open · doi:10.9778/cmajo.20210106 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Chinawa, A. T., Chinawa, J. M., Ossai, E. N., Nduagubam, O. C., Onukwuli, V. O., Aronu, A. E., & Manyike, C. P. (2021) · Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/21645515.2021.1963172 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Levorson, R. E., Christian, E., Hunter, B. D., Sayal, J., Sun, J., Bruce, S. A., Garofalo, S., Southerland, M., Ho, S., Levy, S., et al. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0259823 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Sobowale, K., Hilliard, H., Ignaszewski, M. J., & Chokroverty, L. (2020) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/21886 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Sonke, J. K., Sams, K., Morgan‐Daniel, J., Pumariega, A. J., Mallick, F., Pesata, V., & Olsen, N. (2021) · Health Promotion Practice · doi:10.1177/1524839921996350 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Age‐dependent association of obesity with COVID‐19 severity in paediatric patients
Guzman, B. V., Elbel, B. D., Jay, M. R., Messito, M. J., & Curado, S. (2021) · Pediatric Obesity · doi:10.1111/ijpo.12856 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Polycystic ovary syndrome and risks for COVID-19 infection: A comprehensive review
de Medeiros, S. F., Yamamoto, M. M. W., de Medeiros, M. A. S., Yamamoto, A. K. L. W., & Barbosa, B. B. (2022) · Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s11154-022-09715-y · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Trump, the Coronavirus Pandemic, Asian American Xenophobia, and Humanistic Psychology
Benjamin, E. (2020) · Journal of Humanistic Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022167820979650 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
COVID-19 outcomes in a large pediatric hematology-oncology center in Houston, Texas
Kamdar, K. Y., Kim, T. O., Doherty, E., Pfeiffer, T., Qasim, S. L., Suell, M. N., Yates, A. M., & Blaney, S. M. (2021) · Pediatric Hematology and Oncology · doi:10.1080/08880018.2021.1924327 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Antigen Test Performance Among Children and Adults at a SARS-CoV-2 Community Testing Site
Ford, L., Whaley, M. J., Shah, M. M., Salvatore, P. P., Segaloff, H. E., Delaney, A. M., Currie, D. W., Boyle-Estheimer, L., O’Hegarty, M., Morgan, C. N., et al. (2021) · Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · doi:10.1093/jpids/piab081 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Severe Social Anxiety Among Adolescents During COVID-19 Lockdown
Itani, M. H., Eltannir, E., Tinawi, H., Daher, D., El-Tannir, A., & Moukarzel, A. A. (2021) · Journal of Patient Experience · doi:10.1177/23743735211038386 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Coronado, F., Blough, S., Bergeron, D., Proia, K. K., Sauber‐Schatz, E. K., Beltran, M., Rau, K. T., McMichael, A., Fortin, T., Lackey, M., et al. (2020) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6949e3 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Views on COVID-19 and Use of Face Coverings Among U.S. Youth
DeJonckheere, M. J., Waselewski, M. E., Amaro, X., Frank, A., & Chua, K. (2021) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.02.015 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Zandi, M., Soltani, S., Fani, M., Abbasi, S., Ebrahimi, S., & Ramezani, A. (2021) · Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives · doi:10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0140 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
COVID-19 and Pulmonary Hypertension in Children: What Do We Know So Far?
Das, B. B. (2020) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina56120716 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Dynamics in a Sleep-Away Camp
Szablewski, C. M., Chang, K. T., McDaniel, C. J., Chu, V. T., Yousaf, A. R., Schwartz, N. G., Brown, M., Winglee, K., Paul, P., Cui, Z., et al. (2021) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2020-046524 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Mossong, J., Mombaerts, L., Veiber, L., Pastore, J., Coroller, G. L., Schnell, M., Masi, S., Huiart, L., & Wilmes, P. (2021) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-021-06089-5 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Zambrano, L. D., Ly, K. N., Link‐Gelles, R., Newhams, M. M., Akande, M. Y., Wu, M., Feldstein, L. R., Tarquinio, K. M., Sahni, L. C., Riggs, B. J., et al. (2022) · The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal · doi:10.1097/inf.0000000000003689 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Rice, K., Miller, G. F., Coronado, F., & Meltzer, M. I. (2020) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6950e1 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
McNeil, M. J., Kaye, E. C., Vedaraju, Y., Baker, J. N., Devidas, M., Downing, J. D., Graetz, D. E., Ranadive, R., Rosenberg, A. R., Wiener, L. S., et al. (2021) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2021.03.016 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Neurological involvement in hospitalized children with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a multinational study
Yea, C., Barton, M., Bitnun, A., Morris, S. K., Tal, T. E., Ulloa‐Gutiérrez, R., Brenes-Chacón, H., Yock‐Corrales, A., Ivankovich‐Escoto, G., Soriano‐Fallas, A., et al. (2023) · Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques · doi:10.1017/cjn.2022.347 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Sherby, M. R., Walsh, T. J., Lai, A. M., Neidich, J., Balls‐Berry, J. E., Morris, S. M., Head, R., Prener, C. G., Newland, J. G., Gurnett, C. A., et al. (2021) · Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1186/s11689-021-09376-z · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Almuzaini, Y. S., Alsohime, F., Alsubaie, S., Temsah, M.-H. A., Alsofayan, ., Alamri, F. A., Alahmari, A., Alahdal, H. M., Sonbol, H. S., Almaghrabi, R., et al. (2021) · Annals of Thoracic Medicine · doi:10.4103/atm.atm_709_20 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
The COVID-19 wave in Belgium during the Fall of 2020 and its association with higher education
Natalia, Y. A., Faes, C., Neyens, T., & Molenberghs, G. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0264516 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Martin, O. Y., Darbari, D. S., Margulies, S., Nickel, R. S., Leonard, A. K., Speller‐Brown, B., Martin, B., Barber, J. R., Webb, J., Majumdar, S., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2023.987194 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Mendez, A. D., Escobar, M., Romero, M., & Wojcicki, J. M. (2021) · Tobacco Induced Diseases · doi:10.18332/tid/140827 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
The Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Pediatric Asthma in the United States
Navalpakam, A., Secord, E. A., & Pansare, M. V. (2021) · Pediatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2021.05.012 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Varnell, C. D., Harshman, L. A., Liu, C., Smith, L. A., Al-Akash, S. I., Barletta, G., Brakeman, P., Chaudhuri, A., Fadakar, P. K., Galea, L., et al. (2022) · Pediatric Nephrology · doi:10.1007/s00467-022-05570-w · Cited by 11 · see citing works
A Call for Rethinking Schooling and Leadership in the Time of COVID-19
Rincones, R., Peña, I., & Canaba, K. C. (2021) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2020.618075 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Alsulaiman, J., Kheirallah, K. A., Ajlony, M. A., Al‐Tamimi, T. M., Khasawneh, R. A., & Al-Natour, L. M. (2021) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/ijcp.14423 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Lindsay, L., Secrest, M. H., Rizzo, S., Keebler, D., Yang, F., & Tsai, L. W. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051707 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Liu, D., Lin, G., Sun, X., Du, Y., Liu, H., & Qu, M. (2021) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/josh.13009 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Effectiveness of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines in Adolescents Over 6 Months
Amodio, E., Genovese, D., Mazzeo, L., Martino, L., Restivo, V., Vella, G., Calamusa, G., & Vitale, F. M. (2022) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2022-057394 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Ahmad, N., Eltawel, M., Khan, W. M., Essa, M., Alharbi, T., & Al-Sudairy, R. M. (2020) · Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology · doi:10.1097/mph.0000000000002013 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Göktuğ, A. Y., Güngör, A., Öz, F. N., Akelma, A. Z., Güneylioğlu, M. M., Yaradılmış, R. M., Bodur, İ., Öztürk, B., Tekeli, A., Karacan, C. D., et al. (2021) · Journal of Tropical Pediatrics · doi:10.1093/tropej/fmab066 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
mRNA vaccine-a desirable therapeutic strategy for surmounting COVID-19 pandemic
Chen, P., Shi, X., He, W., Zhong, G., Tang, Y., Wang, H., & Zhang, P. (2022) · Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/21645515.2022.2040330 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
COVID-19 vaccines for children: Racial and ethnic disparities in New York City
Elbel, B. D., Heng, L., Konty, K., Day, S. E., Rothbart, M. W., Abrams, C. B., Lee, D. C., Thorpe, L. E., & Schwartz, A. E. (2023) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102357 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Review of pediatric emergency care and the COVID‐19 pandemic
Foster, A. A., Walls, T. A., Alade, K. H., Brown, K., Gausche‐Hill, M., Lin, S., Rose, E., Ruttan, T. K., Shahid, S., Sorrentino, A., et al. (2023) · Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians Open · doi:10.1002/emp2.13073 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
The impact of COVID-19 on children
Scovino, A. M., Dahab, E. C., & Morrot, A. (2021) · doi:10.51268/ajvepd.2021.36-38 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Zambrana, K. A., & Hart, K. C. (2022) · Journal of Latinos and Education · doi:10.1080/15348431.2022.2051037 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Miller, G. F., Greening, B., Rice, K., Arifkhanova, A., Meltzer, M. I., & Coronado, F. (2021) · Journal of Public Health Management and Practice · doi:10.1097/phh.0000000000001373 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Outcomes of COVID‐19 infection in pediatric pulmonary hypertension: A single‐center experience
Morales‐Demori, R., Mallory, G. B., Chartan, C. A., Coleman, R. D., Ruiz, F. E., Villafranco, N. M., Whalen, E. C., & Varghese, N. P. (2021) · Pediatric Pulmonology · doi:10.1002/ppul.25650 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
School Operation for the 2021-2022 Academic Year in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Science, M. E., Thampi, N., Bitnun, A., Allen, U., Birken, C. S., Blackman, N., Cohen, E., Dubey, V., Dye, L., Gallagher‐Mackay, K., et al. (2021) · doi:10.47326/ocsat.2021.02.38.1.0 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Post-COVID-19 Outbreak of Severe Kawasaki-like Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children
Shakeel, S., & Hassali, M. A. (2021) · Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.21315/mjms2021.28.1.14 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Assessing the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Pediatric Emergency Department Visits in Taiwan
Lee, Y.-T., Lai, Y.-W., Chen, J., Chen, W.-L., Wu, M., & Chung, J.-Y. (2024) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina60020288 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Racial disparities for COVID19 mortality in Georgia: Spatial analysis by age based on excess deaths
Shannon, J., Abraham, A. J., Adams, G. B., & Hauer, M. E. (2021) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114549 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Bassi, F., & Doria, M. (2022) · European Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s00431-021-04330-6 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Comorbidities and COVID-19 severity in pediatric patients: systematic review and meta-analysis
Widjanarko, M. W., Nindya, M., Fernandez, G. A., & Jovito, A. (2022) · Paediatrica Indonesiana · doi:10.14238/pi62.1.2022.51-60 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Delaney, M., Simpson, J. N., Thomas, B., Ralph, C., Evangalista, M., Moshgriz, M., Granados, J., McGuire, M., DeBiasi, R. L., & Campos, J. (2021) · Acta Scientific Medical Sciences · doi:10.31080/asmi.2021.04.0798 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Harwood, R., Tan, H., Camara, N. T. D., Smith, C., Ward, J., Smith, C. T., Linney, M. J., Clark, M. P. A., Whittaker, E., Saatci, D., et al. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-689808/v1 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Hipper, T. J., Popek, L., Davis, R., Turchi, R. M., Massey, P. M., Lege‐Matsuura, J., Lubell, K. M., Pechta, L. E., Briseño, L., Rose, D. A., et al. (2022) · Health Security · doi:10.1089/hs.2022.0033 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationCheng, X., Li, D., Yang, C., Chen, B., Xu, P., & Zhang, L. (2024) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd015306.pub2 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Morabito, D. M., Bedford, C. E., Woller, S. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2021) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22717 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Asymmetric septal edema masking as hypertrophy in an infant with COVID-19 myocarditis
Edwards, J. J., Harris, M. A., Toib, A., Burstein, D. S., & Rossano, J. W. (2021) · Progress in Pediatric Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ppedcard.2021.101464 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Knox, M. C., & Long, P. (2022) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2022.2094428 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
COVID-19 in hospitalized Ethiopian children: characteristics and outcome profile
Leulseged, T. W., Hassen, I. S., Maru, E. H., Zewde, W. C., Chamiso, N. W., Edo, M. G., Abebe, D. S., & Aliy, M. A. (2022) · Pan African Medical Journal · doi:10.11604/pamj.2022.41.16.29414 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Hageman, J. R. (2020) · Pediatric Annals · doi:10.3928/19382359-20201014-01 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Bhatt, N. S., Meyer, C. L., Mau, L., Broglie, L. A., Devine, S. M., Choi, S. W., Auletta, J. J., & Phelan, R. (2021) · Transplantation and Cellular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.jtct.2021.09.007 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Barrera, C. M., Hazell, M., Chamberlain, A. T., Gandhi, N. R., Onwubiko, U. N., Liu, C. Y., Prieto, J., Khan, F. N., & Shah, S. (2021) · BMJ Paediatrics Open · doi:10.1136/bmjpo-2021-001223 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Potential and Policy Changes in South Carolina, February 2020 – January 2021
Davies, M. R., Hua, X., Jacobs, T. D., Wiggill, G. I., Lai, P.-Y., Du, Z., DebRoy, S., Robb, S. W., Chowell, G., & Fung, I. C. (2022) · Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness · doi:10.1017/dmp.2022.212 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Analysis of the COVID-19 prevalence among children in Ukraine during the first year of the pandemic
Antypkin, Y. G., Lapshyn, V. F., Уманец, Т. Р., Kaminska, T. M., Banadyha, N. V., Koloskova, О. К., Lychkovska, O. L., Harashchenko, T., Podolskyi, V. V., & Podolskyy, V. V. (2023) · CHILD`S HEALTH · doi:10.22141/2224-0551.18.1.2023.1551 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
An Overview of the Ongoing Clinical Issues of COVID-19
Noor, A., & Krilov, L. R. (2021) · Pediatric Annals · doi:10.3928/19382359-20210112-01 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Mohapatra, S., Das, P. K., Mishra, B., & Panigrahi, A. (2022) · Pediatric Hematology and Oncology · doi:10.1080/08880018.2022.2025963 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Missing science: A scoping study of COVID-19 epidemiological data in the United States
Bhatia, R., Sledge, I., & Baral, S. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0248793 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Leo, A., Holdsworth, E. A., & Wilcox, K. C. (2023) · Education 3-13 · doi:10.1080/03004279.2023.2261476 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Bosslet, G. T., Pollak, M., Jang, J. H., Roll, R. L., Sperling, M., & Khan, B. A. (2021) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciab306 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
- Authors
- Leeb, R. T., Price, S., Sliwa, S., Kimball, A., Szucs, L., Caruso, E., Godfred-Cato, S., & Lozier, M.
- Affiliations
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Corresponding author
- Leeb, Rebecca T.
- Venue
- MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
- Published
- 2020-10-02
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 39
- Pages
- 1410-1415
- ISSN
- 0149-2195 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-861X
- PMC
- PMC7537558
- OpenAlex
- W3090936981
- Cited by
- 185
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 88 · 2020: 25
- FWCI
- 6.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Modeling and Simulation › COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, school-aged children, adolescents, laboratory-confirmed cases, underlying disease, severe COVID-19 outcomes, hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, COVID-19 mortality, in-person learning, mitigation measures, positive test results, test volume
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, COVID-19 Testing, Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Chronic Disease, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Pneumonia, Viral, United States, Incidence, Treatment Outcome, Coronavirus Infections, Clinical Laboratory Techniques, Pandemics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
