The DOI matches its Crossref record; 36 of the 36 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Nitrogen Use in the United States from 1961–2000 and Potential Future Trends
Abstract
Nitrogen inputs to the US from human activity doubled between 1961 and 1997, with most of the increase in the 1960s and 1970s. The largest increase was in use of inorganic N fertilizer, but emissions of NOx from fossil-fuel combustion also increased substantially. In 1961, N fixation in agricultural systems was the largest single source of reactive N in the US. By 1997, even though N fixation had increased, fertilizer use and NOx emissions had increased more rapidly and were both larger inputs. In both 1961 and 1997, two thirds of reactive N inputs were denitrified or stored in soils and biota, while one third was exported. The largest export was in riverine flux to coastal oceans, followed by export in food and feeds, and atmospheric advection to the oceans. The consumption of meat protein is a major driver behind N use in agriculture in the US Without change in diet or agricultural practices, fertilizer use will increase over next 30 years, and fluxes to coastal oceans may increase by another 30%. However, substantial reductions are possible.
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Cites
HUMAN ALTERATION OF THE GLOBAL NITROGEN CYCLE: SOURCES AND CONSEQUENCES
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Self-citationReactive Nitrogen and The World: 200 Years of Change
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Self-citationA global high‐resolution emission inventory for ammonia
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Cited by
Nitrogen cycles: Past, present, and future
Galloway, J. N., Dentener, F. J., Capone, D. G., Boyer, E. W., Howarth, R. W., Seitzinger, S. P., Asner, G. P., Cleveland, C. C., Green, P. A., Holland, E. A., et al. (2004) · Biogeochemistry · doi:10.1007/s10533-004-0370-0 · Cited by 5,315
Self-citationGALLOWAY, J. N., ABER, J. D., ERISMAN, J. W., SEITZINGER, S. P., HOWARTH, R. W., COWLING, E. B., & COSBY, B. J. (2003) · BioScience · doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0341:tnc]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 2,973
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The fate of nitrogen in grain cropping systems: a meta‐analysis of 15 N field experiments
Gardner, J. B., & Drinkwater, L. E. (2009) · Ecological Applications · doi:10.1890/08-1122.1 · Cited by 319
Metadata
- Authors
- Howarth, R. W., Boyer, E. W., Pabich, W. J., & Galloway, J. N.
- Venue
- AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment
- Publisher
- Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2002-03
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 88-96
- ISSN
- 0044-7447 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2114519071
- Cited by
- 438
- References
- 36
- FWCI
- 11.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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