Cited by 439Inflammatory Biomarkers in Disease PrognosisInflammation biomarkers and pathwaysSepsis Diagnosis and Treatment

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and cardiovascular diseases: an update

Afari, Maxwell E., Bhat, Tariq·2016·Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy

DOI 10.1586/14779072.2016.1154788

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

As we know, inflammatory and oxidative stresses have a role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. This knowledge has triggered many investigations targeted to inflammatory markers. One such example, the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), is an inexpensive and easily accessible inflammatory marker whose role in cardiovascular disease has been studied extensively in the past few years. The neutrophil lymphocyte ratio has been shown to predict cardiac arrhythmias as well as short- and long-term mortality in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). It has correlated well with ACS risk prediction models such as the GRACE and SYNTAX scores. A higher NLR has also been associated with frequent congestive heart failure decompensation and long-term mortality. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio also appears to have a prognostic role in patients undergoing transaortic valve replacement and the progression of valvular heart diseases. Despite the science of inflammatory biomarkers having been described decades ago, NLR appears to be enjoying a renaissance as a cost-effective biomarker with immediate clinical predictability and prognostication.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1586/14779072.2016.1154788

Cites

0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Usefulness of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in predicting short- and long-term mortality after non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Azab, B., Zaher, M., Weiserbs, K. F., Torbey, E., Lacossiere, K., Gaddam, S., Gobunsuy, R., Jadonath, S., Baldari, D., McCord, D., et al. (2010) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2010.03.062 · Cited by 524

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 0 references

Research works printed but not linked: 43

10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.05.070 · DOI
10.1586/erc.12.159 · DOI · Paper page
10.1161/01.CIR.96.10.3542 · DOI
10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.09.007 · DOI
10.1161/01.CIR.96.4.1180 · DOI
10.1016/j.arcmed.2015.03.011 · DOI
10.1016/j.amjcard.2013.04.015 · DOI
10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.05.042 · DOI
10.5152/akd.2013.036 · DOI
10.2174/187152911798346981 · DOI
10.5152/akd.2015.5927 · DOI
10.1016/j.jacc.2009.09.009 · DOI · Paper page
10.1160/TH11-02-0096 · DOI
10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.05.006 · DOI
10.1177/1076029613505763 · DOI
10.1016/j.cjca.2014.05.010 · DOI
10.1177/1076029613519851 · DOI
10.6061/clinics/2015(01)07 · DOI
10.1097/MBC.0000000000000227 · DOI
10.1536/ihj.14-175 · DOI
10.1177/1076029612465669 · DOI
10.1371/journal.pone.0133934 · DOI
10.1177/0003319714542997 · DOI
10.1016/j.jacc.2005.02.054 · DOI
10.1177/0003319711412763 · DOI
Verdoia M, 2016, Angiology
10.1177/1076029612473517 · DOI
10.5551/jat.25940 · DOI
10.1186/1471-2261-14-130 · DOI
10.1161/01.RES.0000150734.79804.92 · DOI
10.1016/j.amjcard.2010.09.039 · DOI
10.1016/j.amjcard.2014.10.008 · DOI
10.5935/abc.20150126 · DOI
10.5543/tkda.2014.16363 · DOI
10.12659/MSM.883915 · DOI
10.1097/MAT.0000000000000267 · DOI
10.2147/JBM.S82423 · DOI
10.1177/1076029613514131 · DOI
Varol E, 2014, Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis, 25, 557, 10.1097/MBC.0000000000000094 · DOI
10.1111/echo.12534 · DOI
Castro-Dominguez Y, 2015, J Am Coll Cardiol, 66
10.1177/1076029614531449 · DOI
10.1038/nri2415 · DOI

Sorted by citations

Items 201–300 of 396

Value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with pulmonary hypertension
Jiang, T., Wang, Q., Zhang, Z., Qi, J., Yang, Z.-Y., Jiang, Q., Wei, J., Cao, D.-M., & Yuan, L.-D. (2023) · Journal of International Medical Research · doi:10.1177/03000605231200266 · Cited by 7
Comparison of the Early Warning Effects of Novel Inflammatory Markers SIRI, NLR, and LMR in the Inhibition of Carotid Atherosclerosis by Testosterone in Middle-Aged and Elderly Han Chinese Men in the Real World: A Small Sample Clinical Observational Study
Chen, Q., Che, M., Shen, W., Shao, L., Yu, H., & Zhou, J. W. (2023) · American Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.1177/15579883231171462 · Cited by 9
“…in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) compared with the lowest quartile in a retrospective review of 2,833 patients hospitalized with ACS (average 1.82), patients in the highest NLR quartile (average 9.5) had significantly higher inhospital mortality (8.5% vs. 1.8%; Afari & Bhat, 2016).”
BackgroundInfluential
Association between the Length of Hospital Stay and 30-Day Outcomes in Patients Admitted with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure
Namvar, M., Fakhrolmobasheri, M., Mazaheri‐Tehrani, S., Heidarpour, M., Emamimeybodi, M., & Shafie, D. (2023) · Emergency Medicine International · doi:10.1155/2023/6338597 · Cited by 6
“, infammatory factors such as Galectin-3, InterLeukin-1, and several other immunologic markers may be indicative for infammation in ADHF but unfortunately, in this study, we were not able to measure the above mentioned markers; however, we use NLR, PLR, and RDW as indirect markers of infammation in HF [21, 22, 24].”
Method
The utility of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio determined at initial diagnosis in predicting disease stage and discriminating between active and stable disease in patients with sarcoidosis: a cross-sectional study
Bekir, S. A., Sonkaya, E., Ozbaki, F., Eroğlu, S. A., Sertçelik, L., Duman, D., Kavas, M., Ağca, M., Erdem, İ., Ozmen, I., et al. (2022) · Postgraduate medicine · doi:10.1080/00325481.2022.2082805 · Cited by 7
Differential blood leukocyte populations based on individual variances and age
Kasten‐Jolly, J., & Lawrence, D. A. (2022) · Immunologic Research · doi:10.1007/s12026-021-09257-6 · Cited by 11
“A readily available indicator of systemic inflammation is the NLR, since neutrophils increase in the blood during inflammation and stress [2, 15].”
Background
Effects on white blood cell counts and the NLRP3 inflammasome due to dust and cobalt exposure in the hard metal industry
Hedbrant, A., Eklund, D., Andersson, L., Bryngelsson, I.-L., Persson, A., Westberg, H., & Särndahl, E. (2021) · Biomarkers · doi:10.1080/1354750x.2021.2013538 · Cited by 8
“An elevated NLR or reduced LMR have been proposed as markers of systemic inflammation (Afari and Bhat 2016, Huang et al. 2018).”
Background
Diagnostic and prognostic value of peripheral blood leucocyte ratios in sick cats.
Tsouloufi, T., Frezoulis, P. S., Soubasis, N., Kritsepi-Konstantinou, M., & Oikonomidis, I. L. (2021) · Acta Veterinaria Hungarica · doi:10.1556/004.2021.00042 · Cited by 7
Preoperative Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio for predicting surgery-related acute kidney injury in non-cardiac surgery patients under general anaesthesia: A retrospective cohort study
Tang, Y.-Z., Chen, L., Li, B., Yang, L., Ouyang, W., & Li, D. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0270066 · Cited by 7
Hemogram-derived ratios as prognostic markers for major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
Bečirović, E., Bećirović, M., Šegalo, S., Bećirović, A., Hadžić, S., Ljuca, K., Papić, E., Ferhatbegović, L., Ejubović, M., Ejubović, A. J., et al. (2024) · World Journal of Methodology · doi:10.5662/wjm.v15.i2.98143 · Cited by 5
Circulating immune cells in cerebral small vessel disease: a systematic review
van der Taelen, L., Briones, A., Unger, T., Staals, J., van Oostenbrugge, R. V., & Foulquier, S. (2025) · Biogerontology (Dordrecht) · doi:10.1007/s10522-025-10250-x · Cited by 6
“Lastly, a high positive predictive effect of the NLR in the diagnosis and prognosis of many cardio-vascular diseases has been shown (Afari and Bhat 2016).”
Association between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Yang, X., Shi, Y., Zhang, H., Huang, L., Zhang, J., Min, J., & Chen, L. (2025) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2024.1499713 · Cited by 6
Evaluation of Haematological Ratios at: Different Stages of Canine Periodontal Disease
Silva, C., Abrantes, A., Fontes, A. C., Dias, I., Domingues, R., Peixoto, F., & Viegas, C. (2024) · Veterinary Sciences · doi:10.3390/vetsci11110581 · Cited by 6
“In the specific case of MLR, there are studies that prove that its increase, together with NLR, is associated with human cardiovascular diseases such as adverse cardiac events, mitral valve disease, coronary artery disease, and stroke [53,54].”
Association Between the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and in-Stent Neoatherosclerosis and Plaque Vulnerability: An Optical Coherence Tomography Study
Gu, N., Chen, P.-K., Wang, X., Shen, C.-Y., Deng, Y., Chen, J., Ma, Y., Ma, S., Hu, X.-W., Zhao, R.-Z., et al. (2024) · Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fjc.0000000000001616 · Cited by 6
“30 The NLR can be used as a biological marker for levels of in ﬂ ammation and oxidative stress.”
Method
The Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury: A Narrative Review Study
Alavi, S. A. N., Habibi, M. A., Alavi, S. H. N., Zamani, M., & Kobets, A. J. (2024) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina60101567 · Cited by 5
“…between neutrophils and lymphocytes, representing systemic inflammation [14], and has been recognized as a clinical indicator in several inflammation-based diseases such as autoimmune diseases [15], neurodegenerative disorders [16], cancer [17], stroke [18], and cardiovascular disorders [19].”
Background
An Evaluation of the Hematological Markers of Systemic Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Vitiligo: A Case-Control Study
Temel, B., Orenay, O., & Karaosmanoglu, N. (2024) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.56034 · Cited by 6
“NLR is an inflammatory hematological marker that is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality [20].”
Background
Can alpha‐linolenic acid be a modulator of “cytokine storm,” oxidative stress and immune response in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection?
Cianciosi, D., Díaz, Y. A., Gaddi, A. V., Capello, F., Savo, M. T., Casanova, R. D. J. P., Espinosa, J. C. M., Barrera, A. E. P., Navarro‐Hortal, M. D., Tian, L., et al. (2023) · Food Frontiers · doi:10.1002/fft2.319 · Cited by 6
Inflammatory markers in patients with hypertension.
Chen, Y.-H., & Gong, Y.-F. (2023) · British journal of hospital medicine · doi:10.12968/hmed.2022.0531 · Cited by 6
Dose–response relationships between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure and blood cell counts among coke oven workers: a sex-stratified analysis
Liu, C.-J., Wu, M., Fu, M., Wang, H., & Nie, J. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046843 · Cited by 6
“19 Studies have found that PAH exposure is associated with PLR among children and the general population, but they did not perform a sex stratification analysis.”
Association between preoperative neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio and mortality after plastic and reconstructive surgery
Sung, H.-M., Lee, S.-H., Oh, A., Kim, S., Kim, J., Gook, J., Jang, J., & Park, J. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-00901-7 · Cited by 6
Evaluation of serum neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in corneal graft rejection after low-risk penetrating keratoplasty
Yıldız, M. B., & Yildiz, E. (2021) · International ophtalmology · doi:10.1007/s10792-021-01999-4 · Cited by 6
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios in pregnant women with familial mediterranean fever
Keleş, A., İskender, D., CELİK, O. Y., Dağdeviren, G., İskender, C., Çağlar, A. T., & Çelen, Ş. (2021) · Bratislavské lekárske listy/Bratislava medical journal · doi:10.4149/bll_2021_041 · Cited by 8
A combination of NLR and sST2 is associated with adverse cardiovascular events in patients with myocardial injury induced by moderate to severe acute carbon monoxide poisoning
Liu, Q., Gao, X., Xiao, Q.-M., Zhu, B.-Y., Liu, Y.-J., Han, Y.-Y., & Wang, W.-Z. (2021) · Clinical Cardiology · doi:10.1002/clc.23550 · Cited by 6
“Therefore, NLR is a balance between inflammation and stress response pathways.(10,11) Furthermore, it is an inexpensive, easy to obtain, and widely available marker.”
Background
Comparison of hormone profile and systemic inflammation in patients presenting with sexual dysfunction: Which is important?
Demirci, A., Ozgur, B. C., & Tuncer, S. (2020) · Revista Internacional de Andrología · doi:10.1016/j.androl.2020.04.002 · Cited by 6
Early Venous Stent Failure Predicted by Platelet Count and Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio.
Jahangiri, Y., Endo, M., Al-Hakim, R., Kaufman, J., & Farsad, K. (2019) · Circulation Journal · doi:10.1253/circj.cj-18-0592 · Cited by 6
Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as a Potential Early Marker of Antibiotic Resistance in Patients with Infected Cirrhotic Ascites.
Sahinturk, Y., & Cekin, A. (2018) · Clinical Laboratory · doi:10.7754/clin.lab.2018.180215 · Cited by 6
A New Era, New Risks: The Cardio-Oncology Perspective on Immunotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Tarantini, L., Gallucci, G., Inno, A., Camerini, A., Canale, M. L., Larocca, M., Zanelli, F., Pagano, M., Alberti, G., Ciammella, P., et al. (2025) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers17213443 · Cited by 8
Impact of the Naples Prognostic Score at admission on long-term prognosis among patients with coronary artery disease
Wang, B., Chen, W., Shi, L., Pei, M.-Y., Zhou, Y., Wei, Y.-L., Tang, Y.-T., Qiu, G., Duan, W.-L., Chen, S.-X., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1529779 · Cited by 5
“Notably, NLR has been demonstrated to be a reliable biomarker of in ﬂ ammation in the vascular wall, and it is readily accessible (26).”
Preprocedural neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio: A novel predictor of permanent pacemaker implantation in self-expandable vs balloon-expandable valve cohorts following transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Khadija, H. A., Alnees, M., Ayyad, O., Gandelman, G., Sella, G., Hamdeh, N. A., Haim, A., Hamdan, Y., Kirzhner, A., Darwish, A., et al. (2025) · Heart Rhythm O2 · doi:10.1016/j.hroo.2025.03.003 · Cited by 7
“11 In the setting of AS, the NLR has been associated with the severity of calci ﬁ c AS, left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, and has demonstrated predictive capability for major adverse cardiac events (MACE).”
Role of leukocyte parameters in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention with high thrombus burden
Wang, H., Li, S., Yu, J., Xu, J.-S., & Xu, Y. (2024) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2024.1397701 · Cited by 5
An Elevated Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts Poor Prognosis in Patients with Liver Cancer after Interventional Treatments
Li, X., Zhang, Y., Ma, W., & Li, J.-W. (2022) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2022/6141317 · Cited by 5
“For example, the pathogenesis of several diseases such as cardio-vascular diseases [50], retinal artery [51], and spinal epidural abscess [52] have been found to result in high NLR, while treatment with 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 and smoking cessation are associated with a reduced blood NLR [53, 54],…”
The effects of testosterone on transgender males on carotid intima-media thickness and serum inflammatory markers compared within patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
Balık, A. Ö., Vural, F., Alpoğan, O., Özoğul, M., & Dönmez, E. E. (2022) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.1080/09513590.2022.2112942 · Cited by 7
“Also, it has been associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and atherogenic processes [26].”
Background
Predictors of restenosis following percutaneous coronary stent implantation: The role of trimetazidine therapy
Csató, G., Erdei, N., Ványai, B., Balla, T., Czuriga, D., Csanádi, Z., Kőszegi, Z., Edes, I. F., & Szabo, G. T. (2022) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.873899 · Cited by 5
“Examination of the qualitative blood count at baseline revealed that the CV inflammation marker neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (19) was significantly elevated in the ISR group compared to controls (Table 3).”
BackgroundResult
Relationship between inflammatory cells level and longer duration of hypertension in Chinese community residents
Yi, Y., Qu, T., Shi, A., Pang, Z.-X., Zhao, Y., Li, P.-C., Xie, J., Zhi, X.-L., Zhu, Y., & Zhu, H. (2022) · Clinical and experimental hypertension · doi:10.1080/10641963.2022.2100411 · Cited by 5
“The changes in the number and composition of inflammatory cells in peripheral blood, such as leukocyte count (14), leukocytes classification (15–17), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (18) have been widely used as the key indicators of chronic inflammation (14) and proved to be related to the morbidity (19,20) and…”
Method
First Admission Neutrophil–Lymphocyte Ratio May Indicate Acute Prognosis of Ischemic Stroke
Alpua, M., Say, B., Yardimci, I., Ergün, U., Kisa, U., & Ceylan, O. (2021) · Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal · doi:10.5041/rmmj.10440 · Cited by 5
Can preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predict in-hospital mortality in postoperative patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection? Evidence-based appraisal by meta-analysis and GRADE
Chung, B.-R., Huang, Y., & Lai, P. (2021) · Tzu Chi Medical Journal · doi:10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_249_20 · Cited by 5
“According to recent evidence, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a novel predictor of adverse outcomes in many cardiovascular diseases [12].”
Background
A comparative study of complete blood count inflammatory markers in substance‐free acute psychotic disorder and substance‐induced psychosis
Onur, D., Neslihan, A., & Samet, K. (2020) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/eip.13089 · Cited by 5
Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in catatonia
Şahin, Ş., Yaşamali, C., Özyürek, M. B., Elboğa, G., Altındağ, A., & Şahin, A. (2020) · Archives of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.1590/0101-60830000000232 · Cited by 5
Razão Neutrófilo-Linfócito e Aterosclerose da Aorta Abdominal entre Indivíduos Assintomáticos
Stangenhaus, C., Laurinavicius, A., Cesena, F., Conceição, R., Santos, R. D., & Bittencourt, M. (2017) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.36660/abc.20201163 · Cited by 5
Structural and functional brain correlates of the neutrophil- and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio in neuropsychiatric disorders
McIntosh, R. C. (2024) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100940 · Cited by 1
“On the other hand, MLR tends to be elevated in chronic inflammatory conditions (e.g., chronic infections, rheumatic conditions, and certain cancers where monocytes play a prominent role (Afari and Bhat, 2016; Gu et al., 2016; Nishijima et al., 2015; Quan et al., 2020; Stefaniuk et al., 2020).”
Using XGBoost for Predicting In-Stent Restenosis Post-DES Implantation: Role of Lymphocyte-to-Monocyte Ratio and Residual Cholesterol
Hou, L., Su, K., He, T., Zhao, J.-B., & Li, Y. (2024) · International Journal of General Medicine · doi:10.2147/ijgm.s477053 · Cited by 4
Serum ferritin and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predict all-cause mortality in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis: a prospective study
He, J., Li, C., Ge, J., Li, Z., Cao, L., Fan, W., Peng, Y., & Li, Q. (2024) · Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences · doi:10.3389/fmolb.2024.1366753 · Cited by 4
[Biomarkers of Inflammation in Predicting the Outcomes of Heart Failure of Ischemic Etiology: the Results of Factor Analysis].
Garganeeva, A., Kuzheleva, E., Tukish, O., Kondratiev, M., Vitt, K., Andreev, S., & Ogurkova, O. (2024) · Kardiologiia · doi:10.18087/cardio.2024.2.n2465 · Cited by 4
Clinical and Laboratory Predictors of Long-Term Outcomes after Catheter Ablation for a Ventricular Electrical Storm
Sławiński, G., Hawryszko, M., Dyda-Kristowska, J., Królak, T., Kempa, M., Świetlik, D., Kozłowski, D., Daniłowicz-Szymanowicz, L., & Lewicka, E. (2024) · Journal of interventional cardiology · doi:10.1155/2024/5524668 · Cited by 4
“Te prognostic value of NLR in valvular disease and in patients undergoing valve replacement procedures has been indicated [49].”
Background
Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Dogs With Various Degrees of Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease
Tuna, G. (2024) · Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences · doi:10.21608/ejvs.2023.224789.1546 · Cited by 4
Predictive Performance Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio of Acute Tonsillitis with Deep Neck Space Infection in Adult Patients
Lee, S. H., Oh, J. S., Choi, Y. H., & Lim, J.-Y.-O. (2023) · Emergency Medicine International · doi:10.1155/2023/8456427 · Cited by 4
“In addition, the usefulness of NLR as a prognostic factor for cardiovascular disease and cancer has been studied, and a study analyzed the relationship between mortality and NLR in older patients [11, 22].”
Background
Higher Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio at Admission is Association with Post-PCI Depressive Symptoms in Patients with ACS
Li, C., Wan, S., Li, W., Wang, Y., Li, B., Chen, Y., Sun, P., & Lyu, J. (2022) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s387582 · Cited by 9
Might female patients benefit more from bariatric surgery with respect to inflammation
Zhou, Q., Yan, P., Shi, H.-M., & Yan, P. (2022) · Frontiers in Surgery · doi:10.3389/fsurg.2022.890116 · Cited by 4
Impact of cardiovascular comorbidity on increased neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in pseudoexfoliation syndrome
Oh, H., Lee, M., Lee, Y.-C., & Shin, H. (2022) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000029602 · Cited by 4
A Novel Multiparameter Scoring Model for Noninvasive Early Prediction of Ischemic Colitis: A Multicenter, Retrospective, and Real-World Study
Li, S., Luo, Y., Wang, W., Lu, J., Hu, M., Sun, Q.-J., Yang, X., Han, J., & Zhong, L. (2021) · Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology · doi:10.14309/ctg.0000000000000370 · Cited by 6
“A high NLR has been shown to be an independent predictor of death from coronary artery disease, acute coronary syndrome, and congestiveheart failure (23).”
Background
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts the severity of motor impairment in cerebral palsy children living at home and the rehabilitation center: A comparative study.
Riewruja, K., Amarase, C., Osateerakun, P., Weerasopone, S., Limpaphayom, N., & Honsawek, S. (2020) · Biomedical Reports · doi:10.3892/br.2020.1370 · Cited by 4
“Several studies have reported that the neutrophil‐to‐lympho‐ cyte ratio (NLR) and lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio (LMR) may serve as biomarkers of an inflammatory response, and may be used as prognostic factors to predict the outcome or the severity of various malignancies (9), cardiovascular disease (10), systemic lupus…”
Background
The Neutrophil‐to‐Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts All‐Cause Mortality in Patients with Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators
Hashimoto, N., Arimoto, T., Narumi, T., Iwayama, T., Kutsuzawa, D., Ishigaki, D., Kumagai, Y., Tamura, H., Nishiyama, S., Takahashi, H., et al. (2017) · Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE · doi:10.1111/pace.13003 · Cited by 4
Association Between Inflammatory Cytokines and Systemic Inflammation Indices in Patients With Psoriasis: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Schneller-Pavelescu, L., Sánchez-Pujol, M., Caparros-Cayuela, E., Francés-Guarinos, R., Ramos-Rincón, J., & Belinchón-Romero, I. (2026) · Health Science Reports · doi:10.1002/hsr2.71966 · Cited by 3
“While these indices have been proposed as markers of subclinical inflammation in other chronic diseases, our data provide preliminary, hypothesis‐generating evidence of their association with key inflammatory cytokines in psoriasis [44–46].”
J-shaped association of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio with all-cause mortality and linear association with cardiovascular mortality in stroke survivors
Chen, Y., Lv, T., Lin, W., Meng, T., Sui, Y., & Chen, S. (2025) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2025.1473802 · Cited by 5
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a predictor for early mortality in older patients requiring hemodialysis; insights for hemodialysis access planning
Kim, H. K., Jun, H.-M., & Ko, S.-M. (2025) · BMC Nephrology · doi:10.1186/s12882-024-03924-0 · Cited by 3
“[7 , 8] The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is accessible through routine blood tests and has gained attention for its cost-effectiveness and widespread availability and has emerged as a prognostic marker in various chronic diseases [9].”
Novel Hematological Parameters in the Assessment of the Extent of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device-Related Infections
Polewczyk, M., Jacheć, W., Szczesniak-Stanczyk, D., Polewczyk, A., Tomaszewski, A., Brzozowski, W., Nowosielecka, D., & Kutarski, A. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12237498 · Cited by 3
“Currently, more and more studies suggest that NLR and NPR are inexpensive and easily accessible markers of inﬂammation in various infectious processes [17–19] and cardiovascular diseases [20,21].”
Background
Hematologic Parameters as Predictors of Long-Term Mortality in Infective Endocarditis Patients
Gülaştı, S., Zencir, C., Çayırlı, S., Mutlu, B., & Ozturk, B. (2023) · Medical Science Monitor · doi:10.12659/msm.941758 · Cited by 3
“However, the causes of lymphocyto-penia include increased catecholamine and cortisol levels, re-distribution of lymphocytes to lymphatic organs, and apoptosis [18,19].”
Background
Correlation of hematological parameters, antibodies and cytokines with disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus: a cross-sectional study
Zivkovic, V. G., Cvetković, T., Dinić, B. R. , & Jurišić, V. (2023) · Egyptian Rheumatology and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s43166-023-00222-9 · Cited by 5
NLRP3 Inflammasome May Be a Biomarker for Risk Stratification in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome
Mo, D.-G., Wang, L., Han, Q.-F., Yu, K., Liu, J.-H., & Yao, H.-C. (2022) · Journal of Inflammation Research · doi:10.2147/jir.s383903 · Cited by 3
An objective correlation of specific haematological parameters with ED severity
Zhang, W., Zhang, Y., Liu, G., Wu, X., Huang, H., Jiang, H., & Zhang, X.-S. (2022) · Andrologia · doi:10.1111/and.14448 · Cited by 3
“2022;54:e14448. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/and © 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH. 1 of 8 https://doi.org/10.1111/and.14448 atherosclerosis (Afari & Bhat, 2016; Sambel et al., 2018).”
Influential
Interplay of Obesity, Ethanol, and Contaminant Mixture on Clinical Profiles of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases: Evidence from an Animal Study
Florian, M., Li, B., Patry, D., Truong, J., Caldwell, D., Coughlan, M. C., Woodworth, R., Yan, J., Chen, Q.-X., Petrov, I., et al. (2022) · Cardiovascular Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s12012-022-09738-6 · Cited by 3
Red Blood Cell Distribution Width Predicts Myocardial Infarction and Mortality After Vascular Surgery–A Prospective Cohort Study
de Albuquerque, F. V. D. S. C., Dias-Neto, M., da Rocha-Neves, J. M. P., & Reis, P. J. V. D. V. (2022) · World Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00268-022-06441-z · Cited by 3
“Recent studies have demonstrated that NLR is related to the severity and long-term prognosis of cardiovascular diseases, as in acute coronary syndrome, heart failure, or valvular heart disease [1].”
BackgroundInfluential
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio as a Marker of In-Hospital Deterioration in COVID-19: Observations From a Resource Constraint Setting
Perera, N., Silva, A. D., Kumbukage, M., Rambukwella, R., & Indrakumar, J. (2022) · Clinical Pathology · doi:10.1177/2632010x221090898 · Cited by 3
Is platelet to monocyte ratio a useful inflammatory determinant of ST-elevation myocardial infarction?
Caltekin, I., & Demirtaş, E. (2020) · Disaster and Emergency Medicine Journal · doi:10.5603/demj.a2020.0045 · Cited by 3
“com INTRODUCTION ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) manifests as acute thrombotic coronary artery occlusion caused by atherosclerotic plaque rupture, plaque erosion or calcific plaque and is the leading cause of death worldwide [1, 2].”
Background
The significance of coronary artery calcium score as a predictor of coronary artery stenosis in individuals referred for CT angiography
Kiani, R., Pouraliakbar, H., Alemzadeh-Ansari, M., Khademi, A., Peighambari, M., Mohebbi, B., Firouzi, A., Zahedmehr, A., Shakerian, F., Hosseini, Z., et al. (2020) · Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Research · doi:10.34172/jcvtr.2020.34 · Cited by 3
Seeking predictors for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in stroke with an online clinical database
Erdener, Ş. E. (2019) · Northern Clinics of Istanbul · doi:10.14744/nci.2019.91668 · Cited by 2
“A number of predictors, such as advanced age and female sex [11] or blood parameters like anemia [11, 12], iron deficiency [13], hyperuricemia [14–16], serum potassium and magnesium [17, 18], leukocyte count [19], neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio [20, 21] and vitamin-D level [22] have been associated with AF previously.”
Background
The Predictive Effect of Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) on the Functional Outcome of Acute Ischemic Stroke
Tony, A. A., Tony, E. A. E., Mohammed, W. S., & Kholef, E. (2018) · doi:10.21608/mjcu.2018.62792 · Cited by 3
Effects of six-week consumption of lard or palm oil on blood pressure and blood vessel H2S in middle-aged male rats
Naphatthalung, J., Lian, S.-C., Kanokwiroon, K., Radenahmad, N., & Jansakul, C. (2018) · Functional Foods in Health and Disease · doi:10.31989/ffhd.v8i6.521 · Cited by 3
“Finally, the finding of increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio suggests that the LO-fed animals are in lipid-driven inflammatory state [43-45].”
Background
Clinical value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in the region of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis
Akgül, E., Bircan, N., Yümün, G., & Vural, A. (2016) · doi:10.18621/eurj.2017.5000199818 · Cited by 3
“Recently, the NLR has become an emerging marker of inflammation, and a useful marker of cardiovascular disease as well as an independent predictor of cardiac or non-cardiac mortality [5].”
Background
Prognostic Value of the Perioperative Neutrophil–Lymphocyte Ratio for Adverse Outcomes in Pediatric Congenital Heart Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study
İştar, H., Harmandar, B., Toker, M. K., & Türkiş, F. C. (2025) · Congenital Heart Disease · doi:10.32604/chd.2025.068540 · Cited by 4
“Afari et al. [12] examined the NLR in adults in relation to cardiac valvular surgery, acute coronary syndrome, and atrial fibrillation.”
Inflammatory Burden Index is Associated with Increased Long-Term Risk of Major Advers Cardiovascular Events in Myocardial Infarction with Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries
Tao, Y., Liu, W., Yin, J.-Y., Chen, Z.-X., Shen, Q., & Chen, L. (2026) · International Journal of General Medicine · doi:10.2147/ijgm.s572612 · Cited by 2
“22,23 Thus, higher IBI signifies a more prominent systemic proinflammatory–prothrombotic–prospastic milieu, thereby driving MACE risk.”
Can Albumin/Lymphocyte Ratio and MPV/Lymphocyte Ratio Serve as New Inflammatory Biomarkers in Patients With Hyperemesis Gravidarum?
Taşkıran, D., & Ay, O. (2025) · Journal of clinical laboratory analysis (Print) · doi:10.1002/jcla.70129 · Cited by 2
“It has been reported that the use of NLR as an inflammatory marker in acute coronary syndrome is a cost effective marker and may provide information about the clinical predictability and prognosis of patients [15].”
Higher PHQ-9 score levels and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio are associated with increased risks of stroke, all-cause mortality, and MACE in NHANES 2005–2018
Liao, J., Zhang, A., Cong, Y., Peng, W., Tang, X., Zhu, Q., Li, L., Li, Y., Liu, Y., Jiang, H., et al. (2025) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-025-07198-0 · Cited by 2
“Meanwhile, NLR can also predict the prognosis of cardiovascular diseases [39, 40].”
Blood Leukocyte Ratios as Predictive Markers of Chronic Enteropathy Phenotypes in Cats
Konstantinidis, A., Adamama-Moraitou, K. K., Griggs, A., Musser, M. L., Nenninger, A. S., Soubasis, N., Pardali, D., Mylonakis, M., & Jergens, A. (2025) · Veterinary Sciences · doi:10.3390/vetsci12070613 · Cited by 2
Predictors of graft patency following coronary artery bypass graft surgery: the role of nebivolol therapy
Balla, T., Maros, T., Csató, G., Erdei, N., Ványai, B., Nellamkuzhi, N. J., Shima, R., Czuriga, D., Csanádi, Z., Molnár, A., et al. (2025) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-025-01688-5 · Cited by 2
“The focus was on the CV inflammation marker neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) [9].”
Prognostic Value of Peripheral Blood Inflammatory Markers in Chronic Subdural Hematoma Patients Under 65 Years
Kartal, S. B., Başkurt, O., Yavuz, A., & Aydın, M. V. (2025) · Bratislava Medical Journal · doi:10.1007/s44411-025-00120-w · Cited by 2
Factors Influencing Early Diagnosis of Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: The Role of Neutrophils
Zhang, J., He, Z., Zheng, L., He, X., Li, J., & Zhang, L. (2025) · Journal of Inflammation Research · doi:10.2147/jir.s512895 · Cited by 2
“23,24 In the context of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), elevated NLR has been consistently associated with ruptured AAA (rAAA) and adverse clinical outcomes, including higher 30-day mortality rates.”
Development and validation of a diagnostic model for cerebral small vessel disease among rural older adults in China
Li, C., Wang, J., Han, X., Li, Y., Liu, K., Zhao, M., Gong, T., Hou, T., Wang, Y., Cong, L., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2024.1388653 · Cited by 2
Neutrophil–Lymphocyte Ratio as a Predictor of Persistent Type 2 Endoleak after Endovascular Aneurysm Repair
Kikuchi, T., Kudo, T., & Yamamoto, Y. (2024) · Annals of Vascular Diseases · doi:10.3400/avd.oa.24-00016 · Cited by 2
“In cardiovascular disease, high NLR has been reported to be a predictor of prognosis for patients with acute coronary syndromes 9) and peripheral arterial disease.”
Background
The role of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio with wound healing in open tibial fracture grade IIIA
Johan, M. P., Putra, L. T., Yurianto, H., Usman, M. A., Arifin, J., Abidin, M. A., Putro, Y. A. P., Kennedy, D., & Singjie, L. C. (2024) · International Journal of Surgery Open · doi:10.1097/io9.0000000000000010 · Cited by 3
Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as an Independent Factor Associated With Atrial Tachyarrhythmia
Chen, C., Tang, X., & Fan, P. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.46775 · Cited by 2
“Many studies have reported that NLR is associated with cardiovascular diseases, such as acute coronary syndromes, cardiac arrhythmias, and atherosclerosis [27,28].”
Background
Clinical presentation and neurovascular manifestations of cardiac myxomas and papillary fibroelastomas: a retrospective single-institution cohort study
Mathavan, A., Mathavan, A., Krekora, U., Mathavan, M., Rodriguez, V., Altshuler, E., Nguyen, B., & Ruzieh, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2023.1222179 · Cited by 2
Mean platelet volume and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: can they be predictive value in diagnosis?
Çelik, M., Işık, Ç., Arikan, E., Kurtboğan, M., & Boz, M. (2023) · Acta orthopaedica Belgica · doi:10.52628/89.3.10621 · Cited by 2
The Effect of Exercise-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation on Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
Kara, F., Özderya, A., Uzun, G., Kalaycıoğlu, E., Sayın, M., & Turan, T. (2023) · Cor et Vasa · doi:10.33678/cor.2022.081 · Cited by 2
“04 highly predicted the presence of CAD.(15) In our study the N/L ratio was 2.”
Background
Unique crosstalk between platelet and leukocyte counts during treatment for acute coronary syndrome: A retrospective observational study
Shirasaki, K., Minai, K., Kawai, M., Tanaka, T. D., Ogawa, K., Inoue, Y., Morimoto, S., Nagoshi, T., Ogawa, T., Komukai, K., et al. (2022) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000032439 · Cited by 3
“Although it is difficult to prove this phenomenon directly, many studies suggest that these cell count ratios (PLR and NLR) are prognostic indicators of ACS.[4,5,9,10] Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis also revealed that high values of these blood cell types correlated with a PLR above 128 and an NLR ab…”
Background
A dieta inflamatória não está associada à qualidade do sono de estudantes universitários adultos jovens de uma cidade do Nordeste do Brasil
de Araújo, N. A., Sampaio, H. A. D. C., Carioca, A. A. F., Barros, A. Q. S., Neto, C. C., Leal, A. L. F., & Silva, B. Y. D. C. (2022) · Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición · doi:10.37527/2022.72.4.003 · Cited by 1
“Os biomarcadores já conhecidos, como PCR, e os mais recentemente propostos, como a RNL, são exemplos utilizados na estimativa de prognóstico em situações como câncer, DM2, doenças inflamatórias, eventos cardiovasculares, entre outros (30-33).”
Prognostic Value of the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Patients with Chronic Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion Complicated by Cerebral Infarction
Qiu, Z.-Y., Guo, T.-T., Sheng, X.-H., Tang, Y., & Du, H. (2022) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s384512 · Cited by 2
Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Outpatient Management of Low-Risk Acute Pulmonary Embolism
Ranhbar, A., Sohrabi, B., Hajizadeh, R., Shoar, M., Kavandi, H., Ghodratizadeh, S., Sakha, H., & Mohammadi, K. (2022) · Heart and Mind · doi:10.4103/hm.hm_20_21 · Cited by 2
Serum hemato-immunological biomarkers associated with increased COVID-19 mortality in the Latino population
Ríos, C., Cabrera, O. G., Whaley, J. J., Sosa, M. D., Palacios, V. H., González, G., & López, J. (2022) · Biomarkers in Medicine · doi:10.2217/bmm-2022-0056 · Cited by 2
Hemodynamic and white blood cells parameters in patients with first-episode psychosis: a pilot longitudinal study
Ustohal, L., Mayerová, M., Horska, K., Obdržálková, M., Crhova, H., Kucerova, H. P., Češková, E., & Kašpárek, T. (2021) · International journal of psychiatry in clinical practice · doi:10.1080/13651501.2021.1962357 · Cited by 2
“related mortality (Afari and Bhat 2016; Balta et al. 2016), and a similar prognostic value of the monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) is being discussed (Si et al.”
Background
Nomogram for the Prediction of Intrahospital Mortality Risk of Patients with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Complicated with Hyperuricemia: A Multicenter Retrospective Study
Bai, Z., Ma, Y., Shi, Z., Li, T., Hu, S., & Shi, B. (2021) · Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management · doi:10.2147/tcrm.s320533 · Cited by 7
“Prior-Stroke, n (%) 26 (6) 4 (6) 1 CKD, n (%) 85 (20) 22 (32) 0.”
Neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic factor for minute clear cell renal cell carcinoma diagnosed using multi-slice spiral CT
Chen, L., Qi, L., Zhang, J., Ma, Q., & Chai, X. (2021) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000026292 · Cited by 2
“The neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is the ratio of the neutrophil to lymphocyte count.([11]) In recent years, a number of advances have been made in making use of the predictive value of the NLR.”
Background
Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio across psychiatric diagnoses: An electronic health record investigation
Brinn, A., & Stone, J. (2020) · doi:10.1101/2020.01.07.20016790 · Cited by 2
Regarding "Sex differences in mortality and morbidity following repair of intact abdominal aortic aneurysms".
Ash, J. (2017) · Journal of Vascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2017.08.066 · Cited by 2
Increased inflammatory status in chronic venous insufficiency patients
Ozturk, S., & Yetkın, E. (2017) · Phlebology · doi:10.1177/0268355517714354 · Cited by 2
“NLR is a useful, cost-effective and easy-to-calculate inflammatory marker, which was shown to be associated various cardiovascular and valvular disorders.(5) Besides, there are also other biomarkers such as lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) and platelet-tolymphocyte ratio (PLR), which can be calculated easily from a…”
Background
Znaczenie wskaźnika neutrofilowo-limfocytowego w chorobach układu sercowo-naczyniowego
Kuźniar-Placek, J., Pacyna, M., & Jaroszyński, A. (2017) · doi:10.5603/fc.2016.0109 · Cited by 2
“Mimo dobrej znajomości markerów zapalnych to właśnie NLR wydaje się przeżywać renesans jako wartościowy biomarker o dużym znaczeniu prognostycznym [7].”
The Predictive Ability of Hematologic Parameters for In-hospital Mortality In Patients Presenting With Pulmonary Embolism
zcan, S., & nmez, E. (2023) · Annals of Medical Research · doi:10.5455/annalsmedres.2022.08.266 · Cited by 2
“com ( Esra Donmez) trophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLr) and red cell distribution width (RDW) are components of complete blood count and have been studied to assess prognosis in various cardiovascular diseases [6-10].”
Background
Association of systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) with clinical outcomes in hemodialysis patients: a single-center observational study
Su, X.-Y., Rong, J.-Z., Chen, J.-H., Zhong, H.-W., Chen, L.-Q., Cao, A.-Q., Liang, Y.-S., Chen, Y.-S., Yin, L.-H., & Li, S.-H. (2026) · BMC Nephrology · doi:10.1186/s12882-026-05190-8 · Cited by 1
Association of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in peritoneal dialysis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Damarlapally, N., Vempati, R., Mourad, D., Vasudevan, S. S., Mathur, G., Khan, A., Banda, P., Polamarasetty, H., Chauhan, S., Manjappachar, N. K., et al. (2026) · World Journal of Methodology · doi:10.5662/wjm.v16.i1.106277
The predictive value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio for the occurrence, progression, and mortality of diabetic nephropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Liu, H., Chen, L., Zhu, J., Zhang, Z., Nie, H., Tan, C., Gong, W., Ai, Y., Yuan, X., Zhang, S., et al. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-30680-4 · Cited by 3
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and C-reactive protein in patients admitted with Acute Dyspnoea suspected of acute heart failure
Lukoschewitz, J. D., Olesen, A. S. O., Taraldsen, I. A., Miger, K. C., Thune, J. J., Nielsen, O. W., & Grand, J. (2026) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2025.134141 · Cited by 1

Authors: Afari, M. E., & Bhat, T.
Affiliations: Tufts University (US)
Corresponding author: Bhat, Tariq
ORCID: Afari, Maxwell E.
Venue: Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2016-03-04
Volume: 14
Issue: 5
Pages: 573-577
ISSN: 1477-9072 (ISSN-L)
1744-8344
DOI: 10.1586/14779072.2016.1154788
OpenAlex: W2285799691
Cited by: 439
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 31 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 55 · 2023: 63 · 2022: 72 · 2021: 63 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 6
FWCI: 2.04
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Inflammatory Biomarkers in Disease Prognosis
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Inflammation biomarkers and pathways
Health Sciences › Medicine › Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine › Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment
Keywords: neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, inflammatory markers, cardiovascular disease, acute coronary syndrome, cardiac arrhythmias, mortality prediction, congestive heart failure, aortic valve replacement, valvular heart disease, oxidative stress, GRACE risk score, SYNTAX score
MeSH terms: Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart Failure, Humans, Lymphocytes, Neutrophils, Prognosis, Risk, Biomarkers, Disease Progression, Acute Coronary Syndrome

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and cardiovascular diseases: an update

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Metadata

Record

About these checks