Cultural aspects of menstruation and menstrual hygiene in adolescents
Abstract
The topic of genital hygiene practices in adolescent girls is under-represented in the literature, despite the fact that poor genital hygiene has a significant potential to negatively impact adolescent health. Moreover, douching (a hygiene practice relatively common among adolescent girls) is linked to numerous serious gynecological problems. Menstruation brings with it a significant hygiene challenge, but in many cultures it is also an important social milestone, surrounded by many cultural practices that profoundly alter a girl’s life. The ability to practically manage menstruation may also impact a girl’s life, depending on the availability of appropriate absorbent products and access to private sanitation facilities. Despite the fact that menstruation is shared by more than half the world’s population, it is a topic that virtually all cultures are uncomfortable discussing at some level, and most girls are ill-informed with regard to menstruation and are unprepared for menarche. Better preparation for menstruation, however, has been consistently associated with a better outlook on menstruation and a better competence in managing menstrual hygiene. Girls regard parents, other adult females, schools, community health organizations and health professionals as appropriate sources of information, which suggests numerous ways in which girls could be more effectively prepared about menarche and menstrual hygiene.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Commercial menstrual products may be unavailable or too costly, prompting rural and poor women and girls to use available materials such as cloth from old clothing and cotton.
“Resources, like commercial menstrual products, may be unavailable or too costly, prompting rural and poor women and girls to use available materials such as cloth from old clothing and cotton [11, 12, 23–26].”
From ’It’s like a burden on the head’: Redefining adequate menstrual hygiene management throughout women’s varied life stages in Odisha, India. (2019) · cites this paper as [23]
Women and girls face information and social support challenges: girls are often unprepared, uninformed, misinformed, and lack adequate support for understanding and managing menarche, menstruation, and puberty, resulting in fear, uncertainty, and potentially harmful behaviors.
“In addition to these structural and resource barriers, women and girls face information and social support challenges: girls are often unprepared, uninformed, misinformed, and lack adequate support for understanding and managing menarche, menstruation, and puberty, resulting in fear, uncertainty, and potentially harmful behaviors, like risky sex, reduced bathing, and limited food and water intake”
From ’It’s like a burden on the head’: Redefining adequate menstrual hygiene management throughout women’s varied life stages in Odisha, India. (2019) · cites this paper as [23]
Many researchers have explored girls' fear and confusion at menarche due to insufficient information and preparation.
“Many researchers have explored girls’ fear and confusion at menarche due to insufficient information and preparation [4, 12, 21, 23, 67, 69].”
From ’It’s like a burden on the head’: Redefining adequate menstrual hygiene management throughout women’s varied life stages in Odisha, India. (2019) · cites this paper as [23]
Cites
Menstruation in girls and adolescents: using the menstrual cycle as a vital sign
American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Adolescence, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, & Committee on Adolescent Health Care (2006) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2006-2481 · Cited by 651 · see citing works
Menstrual hygiene: How hygienic is the adolescent girl?
Dasgupta, A., & Sarkar, M. (2008) · Indian Journal of Community Medicine · doi:10.4103/0970-0218.40872 · Cited by 592 · see citing works
Menstrual Practices and Reproductive Problems: A Study of Adolescent Girls in Rajasthan
Khanna, A., Goyal, R. S., & Bhawsar, R. (2005) · Journal of Health Management · doi:10.1177/097206340400700103 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Menstrual hygiene among adolescent schoolgirls in Mansoura, Egypt
El-Gilany, A.-H., Badawi, K., & El-Fedawy, S. (2005) · Reproductive Health Matters · doi:10.1016/s0968-8080(05)26191-8 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
A Community Study of Gynecological and Related Morbidities in Rural Egypt
Younis, N., Khattab, H. A. S., Zurayk, H., El-Mouelhy, M. T., Amin, M. F., & Farag, A. M. (1993) · Studies in Family Planning · doi:10.2307/2939232 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Puberty rituals, reproductive knowledge and health of adolescent schoolgirls in South India
Narayan, K. A., Srinivasa, D. K., Pelto, P. J., & Veerammal, S. (2001) · Asia-Pacific population journal · doi:10.18356/65d467c6-en · Cited by 149 · see citing works
The Muslim family: predicament and promise
Dhami, S. (2000) · Western Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1136/ewjm.173.5.352 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Knowledge and Practices Related to Menstruation among Tribal (Gujjar) Adolescent Girls
Dhingra, R., Kumar, A., & Kour, M. (2009) · Studies on Ethno-Medicine · doi:10.1080/09735070.2009.11886336 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Ds, D., & Ch, G. (2005) · Indian Journal of Community Medicine · Cited by 138 · see citing works
[Urinary tract infections in adults].
Ali, A. B., & Bagnis, C. I. (2014) · PubMed · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Knowledge and practice regarding menstrual hygiene in rural adolescent girls of Nepal.
Adhikari, P., Kadel, B., Dhungel, S. I., & Mandal, A. (2007) · PubMed · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Fonck, K. (2001) · Sexually Transmitted Infections · doi:10.1136/sti.77.4.271 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
A study on menstrual hygiene among rural adolescent girls.
Drakshayani Devi, K., & Venkata Ramaiah, P. (1994) · PubMed · Cited by 118 · see citing works
The impact of pre-menarcheal training on menstrual practices and hygiene of Nigerian school girls
Aniebue, U., Aniebue, P., & Nwankwo, T. (2010) · Pan African Medical Journal · doi:10.4314/pamj.v2i1.51708 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Contact dermatitis of the vulva
Margesson, L. J. (2004) · Dermatologic Therapy · doi:10.1111/j.1396-0296.2004.04003.x · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Menstruation in young girls: a clinical perspective
Adams Hillard, P. (2002) · Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0029-7844(02)01660-5 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Preparing girls for menstruation: recommendations from adolescent girls.
Koff, E., & Rierdan, J. E. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Personal Hygienic Behaviors and Bacterial Vaginosis
Klebanoff, M. A., Nansel, T. R., Brotman, R. M., Zhang, J., Yu, K.-F., Schwebke, J. R., & Andrews, W. W. (2010) · Sexually Transmitted Diseases · doi:10.1097/olq.0b013e3181bc063c · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Gleckman, R. A. (1997) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/clinids/24.6.1287-a · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Hymenal findings in adolescent women: Impact of tampon use and consensual sexual activity
Emans, S. J., Woods, E. R., Allred, E. N., & Grace, E. (1994) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(94)70144-x · Cited by 92 · see citing works
SECULAR TREND IN AGE AT MENARCHE IN CHINA: A CASE STUDY OF TWO RURAL COUNTIES IN ANHUI PROVINCE
Graham, M. J., Larsen, U., & Xu, X. (1999) · Journal of Biosocial Science · doi:10.1017/s0021932099002576 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Traditional health beliefs and practices among lower class black Americans.
Snow, L. F. (1983) · PubMed · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Vaginal douching and reduced fertility.
Baird, D. D., Weinberg, C. R., Voigt, L. F., & Daling, J. R. (1996) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.86.6.844 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Singh, M. M., Devi, R., & Gupta, S. S. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Ness, R. B., Soper, D. E., Holley, R. L., et al. (2001) · Sexually Transmitted Diseases · doi:10.1097/00007435-200104000-00010 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Age at menarche and secular trend in Maharashtrian (Indian) girls
Bagga, A., & Kulkarni, S. S. (2000) · Acta Biologica Szegediensis · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Menstrual knowledge and practices amongst secondary school girls in lle lfe, Nigeria
Abioye-Kuteyi, E. A. (2000) · The Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health · doi:10.1177/146642400012000113 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Menstrual Taboos Among Major Religions
(2008) · The Internet Journal of World Health and Societal Politics · doi:10.5580/1443 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Early Adolescent Girls' Understanding of Menstruation
Koff, E., & Rierdan, J. E. (1995) · Women & Health · doi:10.1300/j013v22n04_01 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
SURREPTITIOUS LEARNING: MENARCHE AND MENSTRUAL PRODUCT ADVERTISEMENTS
Simes, D. H. B. M. R. (2001) · Health Care For Women International · doi:10.1080/073993301317094281 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Vaginal douching and the risk of ectopic pregnancy among black women
Kendrick, J. S., Atrash, H. K., Strauss, L. T., Gargiullo, P. M., & Ahn, Y. W. (1997) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(97)70391-0 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Dongre, A. R., Deshmukh, P. R., & Garg, B. (2007) · World health & population · doi:10.12927/whp.2007.19303 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Health Beliefs and Practices Among Arab Women
Kridli, S. A. (2002) · MCN The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing · doi:10.1097/00005721-200205000-00010 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Buchan, H., VILLARD‐MACKINTOSH, L., Vessey, M. P., Yeates, D., & McPherson, K. (1990) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1990.tb02571.x · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Variation in Feminine Hygiene Practices as a Function of Age
Czerwinski, B. S. (2000) · Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1552-6909.2000.tb02076.x · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Merchant, J. S., Oh, M. K., & Klerman, L. V. (1999) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpedi.153.8.834 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Menstrual and premenstrual experiences of women in a developing country
McMaster, J., Cormie, K., & Pitts, M. K. (1997) · Health Care For Women International · doi:10.1080/07399339709516309 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
The Risk of Low Birth Weight Associated With Vaginal Douching
Fiscella, K. A., FRANKS, P., KENDRICK, J. S., & BRUCE, F. C. (1998) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0029-7844(98)00325-1 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Vaginal Douching: Personal Practices and Public Policies
Martino, J. L., Youngpairoj, S., & Vermund, S. H. (2004) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2004.13.1048 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Indigenous practices of Saudi girls in Riyadh during their menstrual period
Moawed, S. A. (2001) · Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal · doi:10.26719/2001.7.1-2.197 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Douching Beliefs and Practices among Black and White Women
Funkhouser, E. M., Pulley, L., Lueschen, G., et al. (2002) · Journal of Women s Health & Gender-Based Medicine · doi:10.1089/152460902753473435 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Vaginal Douching Among Latinas: Practices and Meaning
McKee, M. D., Baquero, M., Anderson, M., Alvarez, A., & Karasz, A. (2008) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-008-0327-3 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Raftos, M., Jackson, D. W., & Mannix, J. (1998) · Nursing Inquiry · doi:10.1046/j.1440-1800.1998.530174.x · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Is Vaginal Douching Related to Cervical Carcinoma?
Gardner, J. W., Schuman, K. L., Slattery, M. L., et al. (1991) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115890 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Adult feminine hygiene practices
Czerwinski, B. S. (1996) · Applied Nursing Research · doi:10.1016/s0897-1897(96)80218-7 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Douching Behavior in High-Risk Adolescents
Oh, M. K., Merchant, J. S., & Brown, P. R. (2002) · Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s1083-3188(01)00148-6 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Abraham, S. F., Fraser, I. S., Knight, C., et al. (1985) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1985.tb113322.x · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Ferber, S. G., & Granot, M. (2006) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000197644.95292.00 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Grimley, D. M., Ingram, L. A., Foushee, H. R., et al. (2006) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-005-0054-y · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Risk of preterm birth that is associated with vaginal douching
Fiscella, K. A., Franks, P. J., Kendrick, J. S., Meldrum, S. C., & Kieke, B. A. (2002) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1067/mob.2002.122406 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Tsai, C. S., Shepherd, B. E., & Vermund, S. H. (2008) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2008.06.026 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Variation in the menstrual characteristics in adolescents of West Bengal.
Sanyal, S. M., & Ray, S. (2008) · PubMed · Cited by 39 · see citing works
(2007) · PubMed · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Omar, H. A., Aggarwal, S., & Perkins, K. (1998) · Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s1083-3188(98)70134-2 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Grimley, D. M., Oh, M. K., Desmond, R. A., et al. (2005) · Sexually Transmitted Diseases · doi:10.1097/01.olq.0000190018.58079.05 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
ATTITUDES OF FEMALE ADOLESCENTS ABOUT DYSMENORRHEA AND MENSTRUAL HYGIENE IN TEHRAN SUBURBS
Poureslami, M., & Osati-Ashtiani, F. (2002) · Cited by 31 · see citing works
An investigation of adolescent health from China
Liu, G. (1997) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s1054-139x(96)00241-8 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
The Menstrual Hut and the Witch's Lair in Two Eastern Indonesian Societies
Hoskins, J. (2002) · Ethnology · doi:10.2307/4153011 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Sanitary product use by white, black, and Mexican American women.
Finkelstein, J. W., & von Eye, A. (1990) · PubMed · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Sexual socialization during early adolescence: the menarche.
Amann-Gainotti, M. (1986) · PubMed · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Vaginal Douching Among University Women in the Southeastern United States
Cottrell, B. H., & Close, F. T. (2008) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.3200/jach.56.44.415-422 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
The Effect of Culture on How Women Experience Menstruation
Siegel, S. J. (1985) · Women & Health · doi:10.1300/j013v10n04_06 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Beyond Douching: Use of Feminine Hygiene Products and STI Risk Among Young Women
Ott, M. A., Ofner, S., & Fortenberry, J. D. (2009) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.01152.x · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Sexuality, birth control and childbirth in orthodox Jewish tradition.
Feldman, P. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Factors Associated with Frequent Vaginal Douching Among Alternative School Youth
Markham, C. M., Tortolero, S. R., Addy, R. C., et al. (2007) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.05.022 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
African perceptions and myths about menopause.
Wambua, L. T. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 20 · see citing works
The vulva: Anatomy, physiology, and pathology
Silvestri, D. L. (2008) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2007.10.644 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Menstrual Madness: Women's Health and Well-Being in Urban Burma
Skidmore, M. (2002) · Women & Health · doi:10.1300/j013v35n04_06 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Acharya, A., Yadav, K., & Baridalyne, N. (2006) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Adolescent tampon usage: Incidence and initiation of usage
Buchta, R. M. (1995) · Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0932-8610(12)80155-1 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
MENSTRUAL HYGIENE A STUDY OF KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES
JAMES, A. (1997) · Nursing Journal of India · doi:10.48029/nji.1997.lxxxviii1001 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Farage, M. A., & Bramante, M. (2017) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781315113739-36 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationAttitudes of Chinese women towards sexuality and birth control.
Ellis, D. J., & Ho, M. S. (1982) · PubMed · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
MacRae, E. R., Clasen, T., Dasmohapatra, M., & Caruso, B. A. (2019) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0220114 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Chebii, S. J. (2018) · Women s Reproductive Health · doi:10.1080/23293691.2018.1490534 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
- Authors
- Farage, M. A., Miller, K. W., & Davis, A.
- Affiliations
- Procter & Gamble (United States) (US)
- Dartmouth College (US)
- Venue
- Expert Review of Obstetrics & Gynecology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2011-03
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 127-139
- ISSN
- 1747-4108 (ISSN-L)
- 1747-4116
- OpenAlex
- W1987983066
- Cited by
- 42
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Expert Review of Obstetrics & Gynecology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Menstrual Health and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Keywords
- menstruation, menstrual hygiene, adolescent girls, genital hygiene, douching, menarche, cultural practices, menstrual health education, absorbent products, sanitation facilities, health information sources
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review