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Cited by 23dental development and anomaliesDental Health and Care UtilizationOral and gingival health research

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Gingival inflammation, enamel defects, and tooth sensitivity in children with amelogenesis imperfecta: a case-control study

Open access
QUANDALLE, Camille, BOILLOT, Adrien, FOURNIER, Benjamin, GARREC, Pascal, DE LA DURE-MOLLA, Muriel, KERNER, Stephane·2020·Journal of Applied Oral Science
DOI 10.1590/1678-7757-2020-0170PMC PMC7521421
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Abstract

METHODOLOGY: Gingival conditions and tooth sensitivity of young patients with amelogenesis imperfecta lack in depth studies. This case-control study aimed to compare (1) the gingival inflammation, the presence of enamel defects, and tooth sensitivity in young patients with and without amelogenesis imperfecta and (2) to investigate if any difference exists between subtypes of amelogenesis imperfecta. We compared forty-two participants with amelogenesis imperfecta with forty-two controls matched for age, gender, and the number of examined sites. Based on interview, clinical examination, and intraoral photography, we collected data on periodontal conditions, enamel defects and the presence of tooth sensitivity. Comparison tests were performed to investigate if any difference existed between cases and controls; and among cases, between the different subtypes of amelogenesis imperfecta. We performed a post-hoc analysis for any significant difference observed. RESULTS: We observed more gingival inflammation, enamel defects and tooth sensitivity among cases (all p<0.05). Participants with hypocalcified amelogenesis imperfecta had more gingival inflammation, enamel defects, and tooth sensitivity than patients with the hypoplastic and hypomature subtypes (all p<0.05). After adjustment for dental plaque, gingival inflammation was associated with the presence of amelogenesis imperfecta (OR (95%CI) = 1.14 (1.05; 1.24). p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Gingival inflammation, enamel defect and tooth sensitivity are more frequently observed among young patients with amelogenesis imperfecta, and more specifically among children with the hypocalcified subtype.

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Figures

Figure 1 case example of clinical views and OPT of a 14 years old, male patient, with AI hypomature inflammation (PI=12%; MGI=0.19; MGI≥2 =0).
Figure 1 case example of clinical views and OPT of a 14 years old, male patient, with AI hypomature inflammation (PI=12%; MGI=0.19; MGI≥2 =0).CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Flowchart of the study sample selection
Figure 2 Flowchart of the study sample selectionCC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 A: Clinical view of a 9 years old, male patient, with hypocalcified AI. Enamel is of normal thickness but is hypocalcified and soft. The patient presents plaque on every visible surface, associated with a severe gingival inflammation (PI=78%; MGI=1.67; MGI≥2=44%). B: same patient with higher magnification. C: Clinical view of a 9 years old, female patient, with hypomature AI. Enamel is of normal thickness, but it is mottled and softer than normal. The patient does not present visible plaque nor gingival inflammation (PI=3%; MGI=0.12; MGI≥2=0%). D: Clinical view of a 5 years old, female patient, with hypoplastic AI. The enamel is thin and pitted. The patient presents a small amount of plaque some in mesial and distal surfaces and a mild gingival inflammation (PI=7%; MGI=0.18; MGI≥2=0%)
Figure 3 A: Clinical view of a 9 years old, male patient, with hypocalcified AI. Enamel is of normal thickness but is hypocalcified and soft. The patient presents plaque on every visible surface, associated with a severe gingival inflammation (PI=78%; MGI=1.67; MGI≥2=44%). B: same patient with higher magnification. C: Clinical view of a 9 years old, female patient, with hypomature AI. Enamel is of normal thickness, but it is mottled and softer than normal. The patient does not present visible plaque nor gingival inflammation (PI=3%; MGI=0.12; MGI≥2=0%). D: Clinical view of a 5 years old, female patient, with hypoplastic AI. The enamel is thin and pitted. The patient presents a small amount of plaque some in mesial and distal surfaces and a mild gingival inflammation (PI=7%; MGI=0.18; MGI≥2=0%)CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 4 Plaque index and presence of enamel defect or tooth sensitivity
Figure 4 Plaque index and presence of enamel defect or tooth sensitivityCC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 5 Linear correlation between mean plaque index and mean gingival inflammation among all participants (A) and among cases (B)
Figure 5 Linear correlation between mean plaque index and mean gingival inflammation among all participants (A) and among cases (B)CC BY · PubMed Central

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Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Lau EC, 1990, Analysis of human enamel genes: insights into genetic disorders of enamel, Cleft Palate J, 27, 121

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Metadata

Authors
QUANDALLE, C., BOILLOT, A., FOURNIER, B., GARREC, P., DE LA DURE-MOLLA, M., & KERNER, S.
Affiliations
  • Université Paris Cité (FR)
  • Université de Paris, France; Rothschild Hospital, France; Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, France
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Applied Oral Science
Publisher
FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
Published
2020
Volume
28
Pages
e20200170-e20200170
ISSN
  • 1678-7757 (ISSN-L)
  • 1678-7765
DOI
10.1590/1678-7757-2020-0170
PMC
PMC7521421
OpenAlex
W3091434814
Cited by
23
References
32
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3
FWCI
0.57
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Applied Oral Science (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Dentistry › General Dentistry › dental development and anomalies
  • Health Sciences › Dentistry › General Dentistry › Dental Health and Care Utilization
  • Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral and gingival health research
Keywords
amelogenesis imperfecta, gingivitis, enamel defects, dentin hypersensitivity, hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta, children, periodontal condition, dental plaque
MeSH terms
Amelogenesis Imperfecta, Child, Dental Enamel, Dentin Sensitivity, Female, Humans, Inflammation, Male, Case-Control Studies

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