Carcinoid syndrome: diagnosis and medical management
Open accessAbstract
Gastro-intestinal carcinoids are slow growing tumors arising from enterochromaffin or Kulchitsky cells. Their clinical presentation depends on what combination of bioactive substances is secreted. Midgut carcinoid can present with the carcinoid syndrome in the presence of liver metastases. Its most typical clinical manifestations include cutaneous flushing and diarrhea. A nonspecific biochemical tumor marker for carcinoid tumors is serum chromogranin A and a specific marker for the carcinoid syndrome is the increased urinary excretion of 5-hydroxy indole acetic acid (5-HIAA). Localizing studies in carcinoid tumors/syndrome are: transabdominal ultrasonography (US), endoscopy, endoscopic US, videocapsule endoscopy, computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, selective abdominal angiography, 111In-pentetreotide scintigraphy (and intraoperative radionuclide probe), 123I (131I)-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy, bone scintigraphy and 11C-5-HT positron emission tomography (PET). Therapies for carcinoid tumors/syndrome are: surgery, somatostatin analogs, interferon-alpha, radiotherapy, liver dearterialization, liver (chemo, or radio)-embolization, alcohol sclerotherapy of liver metastases, radiofrequency ablation of liver metastases, cryosurgery of liver metastases, occasionally liver transplantation, radiotherapy-coupled somatostatin analogs, 131I-MIBG and occasionally chemotherapy.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Most symptoms attributable to mast cell activation, such as isolated flushing, pruritus, headache, abdominal pain, or tachycardia, are not specific to mast cells but can be found in other clinical conditions and disorders.
“This is because most symptoms attributable to MCA, such as isolated fl ushing, pruritus, headache, abdominal pain, or tachycardia, are not speci fi c to MCs but can be found in other clinical conditions and disorders as well. 112-118”
From Selecting the Right Criteria and Proper Classification to Diagnose Mast Cell Activation Syndromes: A Critical Review (2021) · cites this paper as [113]
The paper’s Abstract identifies flushing as a manifestation of carcinoid syndrome and describes abdominal pain from carcinoid tumors, supporting the point that these symptoms can occur outside mast-cell activation. It does not address mast-cell specificity generally or establish the claim for pruritus, headache, and tachycardia. The indexed copy provides no page numbers. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Peptide Receptors as Molecular Targets for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy
Reubi, J. C. (2003) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2002-0007 · Cited by 1,128 · see citing works
Lamberts, S. W. J., van der Lely, A. J., de Herder, W. W., & Hofland, L. J. (1996) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199601253340408 · Cited by 996 · see citing works
Self-citationRocheville, M., Lange, D. C., Kumar, U., Patel, S. C., Patel, R. C., & Patel, Y. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.288.5463.154 · Cited by 887 · see citing works
THE CLASSIFICATION OF CARCINOID TUMOURS
Williams, E. M. I. (1963) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(63)90951-6 · Cited by 885 · see citing works
Current Status of Gastrointestinal Carcinoids
Modlin, I. M., Kidd, M. S., Latich, I., Zikusoka, M. N., & Shapiro, M. D. (2005) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2005.03.038 · Cited by 841 · see citing works
The Role of Somatostatin and Its Analogs in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Tumors
LAMBERTS, S. W. J., Krenning, E. P., & Reubi, J. (1991) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv-12-4-450 · Cited by 812 · see citing works
Surgical Treatment of Neuroendocrine Metastases to the Liver
Sarmiento, J. M., Heywood, G., Rubin, J., Ilstrup, D. M., Nagorney, D. M., & Que, F. G. (2003) · Journal of the American College of Surgeons · doi:10.1016/s1072-7515(03)00230-8 · Cited by 769 · see citing works
Histological Typing of Endocrine Tumours
Solcia, E., Klöppel, G., & Sobin, L. H. (2000) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-59655-1 · Cited by 747 · see citing works
Kulke, M. H., & Mayer, R. J. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199903183401107 · Cited by 743 · see citing works
The diagnosis and medical management of advanced neuroendocrine tumors.
Kaltsas, G. A., Besser, G. M., & Grossman, A. B. (2004) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2003-0014 · Cited by 674 · see citing works
Kwekkeboom, D. J., Teunissen, J. J., Bakker, W. H., Kooij, P. P., de Herder, W. W., Feelders, R. A., van Eijck, C. H., Esser, J.-P., Kam, B. L., & Krenning, E. P. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2005.08.066 · Cited by 657 · see citing works
Self-citationÖberg, K., Kvols, L. K., Caplin, M. E., Fave, G. D., de Herder, W., Rindi, G., Ruszniewski, P. B., Woltering, E. A., & Wiedenmann, B. J. (2004) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1093/annonc/mdh216 · Cited by 577 · see citing works
Self-citationKarzinoide Tumoren des Dunndarms
Oberndorfer, S. (1907) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 565 · see citing works
Faiss, S., Pape, U., Böhmig, M., Dörffel, Y., Mansmann, U., Golder, W. A., Riecken, E. O., & Wiedenmann, B. J. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2003.12.142 · Cited by 499 · see citing works
Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Neuroendocrine Gastrointestinal Tumours
Plöckinger, U., Rindi, G., Arnold, R., Eriksson, B. K., Krenning, E. P., de Herder, W. W., Goede, A., Caplin, M. E., Öberg, K., Reubi, J. C., et al. (2004) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000085237 · Cited by 477 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Pathophysiological Consequences of Somatostatin Receptor Internalization and Resistance
Hofland, L. J., & Lamberts, S. W. J. (2003) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2000-0001 · Cited by 476 · see citing works
Karnofsky memorial lecture. An odyssey in the land of small tumors.
Moertel, C. G. (1987) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.1987.5.10.1502 · Cited by 474 · see citing works
Rubin, J., Ajani, J. A., Schirmer, W. J., Venook, A. P., Bukowski, R. M., Pommier, R. F., Saltz, L. B., Dandona, P., & Anthony, L. B. (1999) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.1999.17.2.600 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
Kwekkeboom, D. J., Mueller‐Brand, J., Paganelli, G., Anthony, L. B., Pauwels, S. A., Kvols, L. K., O’Dorisio, T. M., Valkema, R., Bodei, L., Chinol, M., et al. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Nobels, F. R. E., Kwekkeboom, D. J., Coopmans, W., Schoenmakers, C. H. H., Lindemans, J. W., de Herder, W. W., Krenning, E. P., Bouillon, R., & Lamberts, S. W. J. (1997) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.82.8.4145 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Self-citationValkema, R., Pauwels, S. A., Kvols, L. K., Kwekkeboom, D. J., Jamar, F., de Jong, M., Barone, R., Walrand, S., Kooij, P. P. M., Bakker, W. H., et al. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 332 · see citing works
Caplin, M. E., Buscombe, J. R., Hilson, A. J. W., Jones, A. L., Watkinson, A. F., & Burroughs, A. K. (1998) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(98)02286-7 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Örlefors, H., Sundin, A., Garske, U., Juhlin, C., Öberg, K., Skogseid, B. M., Långström, B., Bergström, M., & Eriksson, B. (2005) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2004-1938 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Lubarsch, O. (1888) · Archiv für Pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für Klinische Medicin · doi:10.1007/bf01966242 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Effect of Surgery on the Outcome of Midgut Carcinoid Disease with Lymph Node and Liver Metastases
Hellman, P., Lundström, T., Öhrvall, U., Eriksson, B. K., Skogseid, B. M., Öberg, K., Janson, E. T., & Åkerström, G. (2002) · World Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00268-002-6630-z · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Indium-111-pentetreotide prolongs survival in gastroenteropancreatic malignancies
Anthony, L. B., Woltering, E. A., Espenan, G. D., Cronin, M. D., Maloney, T. J., & McCarthy, K. E. (2002) · Seminars in Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.1053/snuc.2002.31769 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
111In- and 90Y-DOTA-Lanreotide: Results and implications of the MAURITIUS trial
Virgolini, I. J., Britton, K. E., Buscombe, J. R., Moncayo, R., Paganelli, G., & Riva, P. (2002) · Seminars in Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.1053/snuc.2002.31565 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
(68)Ga-labeled peptides in tumor imaging.
Maëcke, H. R., Hofmann, M., & Haberkorn, U. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Berge, T., & Linell, F. (1976) · Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica Section A Pathology · doi:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1976.tb00122.x · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Laparoscopic Radiofrequency Ablation of Neuroendocrine Liver Metastases
Berber, E., Flesher, N., & SIPERSTEIN, A. E. (2002) · World Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00268-002-6629-5 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Wymenga, A. N. M., Eriksson, B. K., Salmela, P. I., Jacobsen, M. B., Cutsem, E. V., Fiasse, R., Välimäki, M. J., Renstrup, J., de Vries, E. G. E., & Öberg, K. E. (1999) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.1999.17.4.1111 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Teunissen, J. J. M., Kwekkeboom, D. J., & Krenning, E. P. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2004.10.016 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Interferon in the Management of Neuroendocrine GEP-Tumors
Öberg, K. (2000) · Digestion · doi:10.1159/000051862 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Candidates for peptide receptor radiotherapy today and in the future.
Reubi, J. C., Mäcke, H. R., & Krenning, E. P. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Calcification and fibrosis in mesenteric carcinoid tumor: CT findings and pathologic correlation.
Pantongrag-Brown, L., Buetow, P. C., Carr, N. J., Lichtenstein, J. E., & Buck, J. L. (1995) · American Journal of Roentgenology · doi:10.2214/ajr.164.2.7839976 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Ruszniewski, P. B., Ish‐Shalom, S., Wymenga, M., O’Toole, D., Arnold, R., Tomassetti, P., Bax, N., Caplin, M. E., Eriksson, B. K., Gläser, B., et al. (2004) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000082875 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Self-citationLack of Benefit from Cervical Cord Stimulation for Dystonia
Kvols, L. K., Martin, J. K., Marsh, H. W., & Moertel, C. G. (1985) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198511073131915 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Procedure guideline for somatostatin receptor scintigraphy with (111)In-pentetreotide.
Balon, H. R., Goldsmith, S. J., Siegel, B. A., Silberstein, E. B., Krenning, E. P., Lang, O., & Donohoe, K. J. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 140 · see citing works
A CASE OF PRIMARY CARCINOMA OF THE ILEUM.
Ransom, W. (1890) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)64173-9 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Somatostatin and somatostatin analogues: diagnostic and therapeutic uses
de Herder, W. W., & Lamberts, S. W. J. (2002) · Current Opinion in Oncology · doi:10.1097/00001622-200201000-00010 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Self-citationChemotherapy in the Treatment of Neuroendocrine Malignant Tumors
Rougier, P. R., & Mitry, E. (2000) · Digestion · doi:10.1159/000051859 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Meijer, W. G., van der Veer, E., Jager, P. L., van der Jagt, E. J., Piers, B. A., Kema, I. P., de Vries, E. G. E., & Willemse, P. H. B. (2003) · PubMed · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Management of midgut carcinoids
Åkerström, G., Hellman, P., Hessman, O., & Osmak, L. (2005) · Journal of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1002/jso.20188 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
New somatostatin analogs: will they fulfil old promises?
Lamberts, S., van der Lely, A., & Hofland, L. J. (2002) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje.0.1460701 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Rapid Reversal of Carcinoid Crisis with a Somatostatin Analogue
(1985) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198511073131916 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Developments in PET for the detection of endocrine tumours
Eriksson, B., Örlefors, H., Öberg, K., Sundín, A., Bergström, M., & Långström, B. (2005) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.beem.2004.11.001 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Zuetenhorst, J. M., HOEFNAGELl, C. A., Boot, H., Olmos, R. A. V., & Taal, B. G. (2002) · Nuclear Medicine Communications · doi:10.1097/00006231-200208000-00006 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
The clinical and laboratory correlates of an increased urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid
Tormey, W. P., & Fitzgerald, R. J. (1995) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/pgmj.71.839.542 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Radioembolization for hepatic metastases
Herba, M. J., & Thirlwell, M. P. (2002) · Seminars in Oncology · doi:10.1053/sonc.2002.31672 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Somatostatin Receptor Scintigraphy in Carcinoids, Gastrinomas and Cushing’s Syndrome
Krenning, E. P., Kwekkeboom, D. J., Oei, H. Y., de Jong, R. J. B., Dop, F. J., de Herder, W. W., Reubi, J. C., & Lamberts, S. W. J. (2009) · Digestion · doi:10.1159/000201202 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citationCytoreductive Surgery in Patients with Advanced-Stage Carcinoid Tumors
Güleç, S. A., Mountcastle, T. S., FREY, D. J., Cundiff, J. D., Mathews, E., Anthony, L. B., O’Leary, J. P., & Boudreaux, J. P. (2002) · The American Surgeon · doi:10.1177/000313480206800803 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Complications of Midgut Carcinoid Tumors and Carcinoid Syndrome
van der Horst‐Schrivers, A. N. A., Wymenga, A. N. M., Links, T. P., Willemse, P. H. B., Kema, I. P., & de Vries, E. G. E. (2004) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000080737 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Somatostatin Receptor Scintigraphy in Patients with Carcinoid Tumors
Kwekkeboom, D. J., & Krenning, E. P. (1996) · World Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1007/s002689900024 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Diagnostic, surgical and medical aspect of the midgut carcinoids
de Vries, H., Verschueren, R. C. J., Willemse, P. H. B., Kema, I. P., & de Vries, E. G. E. (2002) · Cancer Treatment Reviews · doi:10.1053/ctrv.2001.0239 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Highlights of the biology of endocrine tumours of the gut and pancreas.
Rindi, G., & Bordi, C. (2003) · Endocrine Related Cancer · doi:10.1677/erc.0.0100427 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Kiaris, H., Schally, A. V., Nagy, A., Szepesházi, K., Hébert, F., & Halmos, G. B. (2001) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/s0959-8049(00)00437-8 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Medical Treatment of Metastasizing Carcinoid Tumors
Arnold, R. (1996) · World Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1007/s002689900031 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Somatostatin analogue treatment of neuroendocrine tumours
de Herder, W. W., van der Lely, A. J., & Lamberts, S. W. J. (1996) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/pgmj.72.849.403 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationAblative Therapies for Liver Metastases of Gastroenteropancreatic Endocrine Tumors
Ruszniewski, P. B., & O’Toole, D. (2004) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000080746 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Carcinoid tumors: iodine-131 MIBG scintigraphy.
Hanson, M. W., Feldman, J. M., Blinder, R. A., Moore, J. O., & Coleman, R. E. (1989) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiology.172.3.2772175 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Andersson, T., Eriksson, B. K., Lindgren, P. G., Wilander, E., & Öberg, K. (1987) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/00000658-198712000-00007 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
de Herder, W. W., Krenning, E. P., van Eijck, C. H. J., & Lamberts, S. W. J. (2004) · Endocrine Related Cancer · doi:10.1677/erc.0.0110019 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationKrenning, E. P., Valkema, R., Kwekkeboom, D. J., de Herder, W. W., van Eijck, C. H. J., de Jong, M., Pauwels, S. A., & Reubi, J. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citationZuetenhorst, J. M., Korse, C. M., Bonfrèr, J. M. G., Peter, E., Lamers, C. B. H. W., & Taal, B. G. (2004) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2004.032151 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Feldman, J. M., Lee, E. M., & Castleberry, C. A. (1987) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(21)03237-5 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Intraoperative tumour detection using 111 In-DTPA- D -Phe 1 -octreotide and a scintillation detector
Benjegård, S. A., Forssell-Aronsson, E. B., Wängberg, B., Skånberg, J., Nilsson, O., & Ahlman, H. (2001) · European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1007/s002590100600 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Sonographic appearance of primary small bowel carcinoid tumor
Rioux, M., Langis, P., & Naud, F. (1995) · Abdominal Imaging · doi:10.1007/bf00199642 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Gibril, F., & Jensen, R. T. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Somatostatin Analog Therapy in Treatment of Gastrointestinal Disorders and Tumors
de Herder, W. W., & Lamberts, S. W. J. (2003) · Endocrine · doi:10.1385/endo:20:3:285 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationInterventional Treatment of the Carcinoid Syndrome
Ahlman, H. K., Nilsson, O., & Olausson, M. (2004) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000080745 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Coates, S. W., & DeMarco, D. C. (2004) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1023/b:ddas.0000026311.62364.0b · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Taal, B. G., Zuetenhorst, H. J. M., Olmos, R. A. V., & Hoefnagel, C. A. (2002) · European Journal of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1053/ejso.2001.1225 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Ileal carcinoid tumor as a cause of massive lower-GI bleeding: the role of capsule endoscopy
Forner, A., Mata, A., Puig, M., Varela, M., Rodrı́guez, F., Llach, J., Feu, F., Bordas, J. M., & Pique, J. M. (2004) · Gastrointestinal Endoscopy · doi:10.1016/s0016-5107(04)01814-0 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Pape, U.-F., & Wiedenmann, B. (2003) · Cancer Treatment Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.ctrv.2003.07.002 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Kvols, L. K., Öberg, K., de Herder, W., Anthony, L. B., Glusman, J. E., Tran, L.-L., & Wiedenmann, B. J. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.8024 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 77 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- Akerstrom G, Hellman P, Hessman O, Osmak L. Man- agement of midgut carcinoids. J Surg Oncol 2005;89(3):161-9.
- Lamberts SW, van der Lely AJ, de Herder WW, Hofland LJ. Octreotide. N Engl J Med 1996;334(4):246-54.
- Virgolini I, Britton K, Buscombe J, Moncayo R, Paganelli G, Riva P. In-and Y-DOTA-lanreotide: results and impli- cations of the MAURITIUS trial. Semin Nucl Med 2002;32(2):148-55.
- Teunissen JJ, Kwekkeboom DJ, Krenning EP. Quality of life in patients with gastroenteropancreatic tumors treat- ed with [ 1 7 7 L u -D O T A 0 , T y r 3 ]octreotate. J Clin Oncol 2004;22(13):2724-9.
- Taal BG, Zuetenhorst H, Valdes Olmos RA, Hoefnagel CA. [ 131 I]MIBG radionuclide therapy in carcinoid syn- drome. Eur J Surg Oncol 2002;28(3):243.
- Lamberts SW, van der Lely AJ, Hofland LJ. New somato- statin analogs: will they fulfill old promises? Eur J Endocrinol 2002;146(5):701-5.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Carcinoid-syndrome: recent advances, current status and controversies
Ito, T., Lee, L., & Jensen, R. T. (2017) · Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity · doi:10.1097/med.0000000000000376 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Strosberg, J., Benson, A. B., Huynh, L. Y., Duh, M. S., Goldman, J. M., Sahai, V., RADEMAKER, A. W., & Kulke, M. H. (2014) · The Oncologist · doi:10.1634/theoncologist.2014-0120 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Management of carcinoid syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Hofland, J., Herrera-Martínez, A. D., Zandee, W. T., & de Herder, W. W. (2019) · Endocrine Related Cancer · doi:10.1530/erc-18-0495 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Self-citationCarcinoid syndrome and perioperative anesthetic considerations
Mancuso, K. F., Kaye, A. D., Boudreaux, J. P., Fox, C. J., Lang, P. M., Kalarickal, P. L., Gomez, S., & Primeaux, P. J. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Anesthesia · doi:10.1016/j.jclinane.2010.12.009 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Gülen, T., Akin, C., Bonadonna, P., Siebenhaar, F., Broesby-Olsen, S., Brockow, K., Niedoszytko, M., Nedoszytko, B., Oude Elberink, H. N. G., Butterfield, J. H., et al. (2021) · The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice · doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2021.06.011 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
“This is because most symptoms attributable to MCA, such as isolated flushing, pruritus, headache, abdominal pain, or tachycardia, are not specific to MCs but can be found in other clinical conditions and disorders as well.(112-118) Hence, a broad range of differential diagnoses, including cardiovascular, endocrinologi…”
BackgroundThe expanding role of somatostatin analogs in the management of neuroendocrine tumors.
Wolin, E. M. (2012) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Update on Pathophysiology, Treatment, and Complications of Carcinoid Syndrome
Clement, D., Ramage, J. K., & Srirajaskanthan, R. (2020) · Journal of Oncology · doi:10.1155/2020/8341426 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Scintigraphic Imaging of Body Neuroendocrine Tumors
INTENZO, C. M., Jabbour, S., Lin, H. C., Miller, J. L., Kim, S. M., Capuzzi, D. M., & Mitchell, E. P. (2007) · Radiographics · doi:10.1148/rg.275065729 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Mega-dose intravenous octreotide for the treatment of carcinoid crisis: a systematic review
Seymour, N., & Sawh, S. C. (2013) · Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d anesthésie · doi:10.1007/s12630-012-9879-1 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Gaur, S. K., Friese, J. L., Sadow, C. A., Ayyagari, R., Binkert, C. A., Schenker, M. P., Kulke, M. H., & Baum, R. P. (2011) · CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00270-011-0122-1 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Role of Somatostatin Signalling in Neuroendocrine Tumours
Rogoza, O., Megnis, K., Kudrjavceva, M., Geriņa-Bērziņa, A., & Rovīte, V. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23031447 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Anthony, L. B., & Vinik, A. I. (2011) · Pancreas · doi:10.1097/mpa.0b013e31821f66b4 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Skin manifestations of hormone-secreting tumors
Jabbour, S. A. (2010) · Dermatologic Therapy · doi:10.1111/j.1529-8019.2010.01369.x · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Hepatic-directed Therapies in Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumors
Kennedy, A. S. (2015) · Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.hoc.2015.09.010 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Nutritional and vitamin status in patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms
Clement, D. S. V. M., Tesselaar, M. E. T., van Leerdam, M. E., Srirajaskanthan, R., & Ramage, J. K. (2019) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v25.i10.1171 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Cutaneous Vascular Disorders Associated with Internal Malignancy
Tal, A. K. E., & Tannous, Z. S. (2007) · Dermatologic Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.det.2007.08.001 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
İkizoğlu, G. (2014) · Clinics in Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2014.02.019 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Vinik, A. I., Anthony, L. B., Boudreaux, J. P., Go, V. L. W., O’Dorisio, T. M., Ruszniewski, P. B., & Woltering, E. A. (2010) · Pancreas · doi:10.1097/mpa.0b013e3181ea5839 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Carcinoid Syndrome: Updates and Review of Current Therapy
Oleinikov, K., Avniel-Polak, S., Gross, D. J., & Grozinsky‐Glasberg, S. (2019) · Current Treatment Options in Oncology · doi:10.1007/s11864-019-0671-0 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Carcinoid tumor arising in a horseshoe kidney
Rodríguez‐Covarrubias, F., Briseño-Gomez, X. G., Valerio, J. C., Lome‐Maldonado, C., & Gabilondo, F. B. (2006) · International Urology and Nephrology · doi:10.1007/s11255-006-9031-7 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Grimaldi, F., Fazio, N., Attanasio, R., Frasoldati, A., Papini, E., Angelini, F., Baldelli, R., Berretti, D., Bianchetti, S., Bizzarri, G., et al. (2014) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-014-0119-0 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Using the Right Criteria for MCAS
Gülen, T. (2024) · Current Allergy and Asthma Reports · doi:10.1007/s11882-024-01126-0 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Skin manifestations of endocrine and neuroendocrine tumors
Leventhal, J. S., & Braverman, I. M. (2016) · Seminars in Oncology · doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2016.02.022 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Primary Carcinoid Tumor of the Cavernous Sinus
Hood, B., Bray, E. R., Bregy, A., Norenberg, M. D., Weed, D. T., & Morcos, J. J. (2013) · World Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2013.06.009 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Carcinoid tumor of the middle ear: report of a case
Şahan, M., Yıldırım, N., Arslanoğlu, A., Karslıoğlu, Y., & Kazikdasş, K. Ç. (2008) · American Journal of Otolaryngology · doi:10.1016/j.amjoto.2007.09.008 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Cheng, Y., Sun, Z., Bai, C., Yan, X., Qin, R., Meng, C., & Ying, H. (2015) · Tumor Biology · doi:10.1007/s13277-015-4114-7 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Herrera-Martínez, A. D., Feelders, R. A., van den Dungen, R., Dogan, F., van Koetsveld, P. M., Castano, J. P., de Herder, W. W., & Hofland, L. J. (2019) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000502200 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationRecent Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Carcinoid Syndrome
Subash, N., Papali, M. M., Bahadur, K. P., Avanthika, C., Jhaveri, S., Thannir, S., Joshi, M., & Valisekka, S. S. (2021) · Disease-a-Month · doi:10.1016/j.disamonth.2021.101304 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Mirakhur, B., Pavel, M. E., Pommier, R. F., Fisher, G. A., Phan, A. T., Massien, C., Liyanage, N., Lowenthal, S. P., & Vinik, A. I. (2018) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep-2018-0296 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Hofland, J., & de Herder, W. W. (2023) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.beem.2023.101787 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationState-of-the-art modalities in cardio-oncology: insight from a nuclear medicine approach
Jokar, N., Amini, A., Ravanbod, M. R., Barekat, M., Shooli, H., Gholamrezanezhad, A., & Assadi, M. (2021) · Nuclear Medicine Review · doi:10.5603/nmr.2021.0019 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Hermans, M. A. W., Stelten, B. M. L., Haak, H. R., de Herder, W. W., & Dercksen, M. W. (2014) · Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism Case Reports · doi:10.1530/edm-14-0013 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationCarcinoid tumors: Challenges and considerations during anesthetic management
Bajwa, S. S., Panda, A., & Kaur, G. (2015) · Journal of the Scientific Society · doi:10.4103/0974-5009.165537 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Does Telotristat Have a Role in Preventing Carcinoid Heart Disease?
Herrera-Martínez, A. D., Fuentes-Fayos, A. C., Sánchez‐Sánchez, R., Montero‐Hidalgo, A. J., Sarmento‐Cabral, A., Gálvez-Moreno, M. Á., Gahete, M. D., & Luque, R. M. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25042036 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Feelders, R. A., Hofland, L. J., Kwekkeboom, D. J., Lamberts, S. W. J., & de Herder, W. W. (2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-375097-6.10035-6 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationAn Overview of Neuroendocrine Tumour Markers
Özaslan, E., Diri, H., Karacan, H., Şimşek, Y., & Bayram, F. (2014) · Endocrinology research and practice. · doi:10.4274/tjem.2422 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Carcinoid Heart Disease Associated with Primary Ovarian Carcinoid Tumor: A Rare Presentation
Ahmad, R. U., Loke, I. W., Saifullah, F., Zafar, H., & Abbasi, S. H. (2024) · Heart Views · doi:10.4103/heartviews.heartviews_104_23 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
A clinical and echocardiographic case report of carcinoid-related valvular heart disease
Ebrahimi, A. J., Marogil, P., Mering, G. V., & Ahmed, M. I. (2020) · European Heart Journal - Case Reports · doi:10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa363 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Acute Inflammatory Bowel Disease Complicating Chronic Alcoholism and Mimicking Carcinoid Syndrome
Ballo, P., Dattolo, P. C. G., Mangialavori, G., Ferro, G., Fusco, F., Consalvo, M., Chiodi, L., Pizzarelli, F., & Zuppiroli, A. (2012) · Case Reports in Gastroenterology · doi:10.1159/000341588 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Middle-Ear Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
Subías, J. J. M., Uali, M. E., del Rey, F. J., & del Valle, M. (2014) · Acta Otorrinolaringologica (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.otoeng.2014.05.016 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Management of sub-5 mm rectal carcinoids with lymph node metastases
Toh, J. W. T., Henderson, C., Yabe, T. E., Ong, E., Chapuis, P. H., & Bokey, L. (2014) · Gastroenterology report · doi:10.1093/gastro/gou073 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The Effect of Delay in Diagnosis in Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumors
Keizer, A. C., Korse, T., Meijer, W. G., & Tesselaar, M. E. T. (2016) · International Journal of Endocrine Oncology · doi:10.2217/ije.15.32 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
An unusual cause of hypoxia: getting to the heart of the matter
Hammersley, D. J., Shamsi, A., Zaman, M. M., Berry, P., & Sturridge, L. (2017) · Echo Research and Practice · doi:10.1530/erp-17-0055 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Approach to the Patient with Diarrhea
Hecht, G. A., Gaspar, J. P., & Malespin, M. H. (2015) · Yamada's Textbook of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1002/9781118512074.ch41 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Carcinoma neuroendocrino de oído medio
Subías, J. J. M., Uali, M. E., del Rey, F. J., & del Valle, M. (2013) · Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española · doi:10.1016/j.otorri.2012.12.002 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Sporadic Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Appetecchia, M., Lauretta, R., Rota, F., & Carlini, M. (2017) · Updates in surgery/Updates in surgery series · doi:10.1007/978-88-470-3955-1_4 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Optimizing the Management of Carcinoid Syndrome to Reduce the Impact of Diarrhea
Rory Randall, C., Bennett, B., Valone, T., & Blue, K. (2019) · Journal of the Advanced Practitioner in Oncology · doi:10.6004/jadpro.2019.10.8.7 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Chemotherapeutic Protocols for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer
Cavalcanti, I. D. L. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-10839-6_5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Primary Hepatic Carcinoid Tumor Presenting Carcinoid Syndrome and Carcinoid Heart Disease
Susumu, S., Matsuo, S., Azuma, T., Obata, S., Ohno, N., & Hayashi, T. (2006) · Nagasaki University's Academic Output SITE (Nagasaki University) · doi:10.11343/amn.51.125 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Gastro-Enteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor Cell Dynamics in Liver Microvasculature
Goswamee, P., Arunachalam, S., Mehta, S., Nasim, R., Gunning, W. T., & Giovannucci, D. R. (2015) · Microscopy and Microanalysis · doi:10.1017/s1431927615000392 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Metastatic Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Tumor with Unknown Primary Site
Liang, P. S., & Shaffer, K. (2007) · Radiology Case Reports · doi:10.2484/rcr.v2i3.90 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Clinical Approaches of Emergencies in Neuroendocrine Tumors
Mertens, G., Carton, S., Verslype, C., & Cutsem, E. V. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-2-8178-0430-9_15 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Diagnostic Applications of Nuclear Medicine: Pancreatic Cancer
Tabacchi, E., Nanni, C., Bossert, I., Maffione, A. M., & Fanti, S. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-05494-5_17 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Rarity and review: evidence-based practice for uncommon diseases
Bryson, G. L. (2013) · Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d anesthésie · doi:10.1007/s12630-013-9908-8 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Síndrome Carcinoide: Presentación de caso y revisión de la literatura
Barrios, J. H., Morales, D. A. M., Mendoza, M. P., Ramírez, C. A. T., & Valladales‐Restrepo, L. F. (2014) · Revista Médica de Risaralda
Serotonin, cortisol, and stress-related psychopathology: from bench to bed
Tanke, M. A. C. (2009) · University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology)
ENDOCRINOLOGIC EMERGENCIES IN DERMATOLOGY
Ryan, M. T., Savarese, V. W., & Jabbour, S. A. (2011) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511778339.032
Taylor, R. B. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-7874-5_6
Carcinoid syndrome in neuroendocrine tumors - not easy to recognize
Bjelović, M. (2013) · Acta chirurgica iugoslavica · doi:10.2298/aci1303013b
Skórne markery chorób jelitowych
Roszkiewicz, J., Lange, M., & Nedoszytko, B. (2011) · Forum Medycyny Rodzinnej
Grimaldi, F., Fazio, N., Attanasio, R., Frasoldati, A., Zini, M., Nuova, S. M., Papini, E., Angelini, F., Bianchetti, S., Baldelli, R., et al. (2014)
Sindrome carcinoide. Relato de caso* Carcinoid syndrome. Case report
Tose, A. R. N., Lopes, B. B. D. C., da Motta, L. L., Aarão, N. R., & Vieira, N. F. R. (2011)
Dias, D. N. F., Weston, A. C., de Barros, E., Bicca, C., & Luzzatto, R. (2010)
Burke, D., Mayette, M., & Begin, A. (2017) · Canadian Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.22374/cjgim.v12i1.165
Síndrome carcinóide – caso clínico
Silva, R., Cristino, A. V., Santos, P., & de Moura, M. C. (2017) · Galicia Clínica · doi:10.22546/43/1046
Asystolie au cours d’une chirurgie pour tumeur de l’intestin grêle: anaphylaxie ou crise carcinoïde
Aissa, I., Benakrout, A., Meziane, M., Bensghir, M., & Lalaoui, S. J. (2018) · Pan African Medical Journal · doi:10.11604/pamj.2018.30.92.14877
The Role of Platelet Derived Growth Factor Receptor in Neuroendocrine Tumours
Ko, Y. M. (2014) · ERA: Education and Research Archive (University of Alberta) · doi:10.7939/r3pk0792t
Clement, D., Srirajaskanthan, R., & Caplin, M. E. (2022) · doi:10.1093/med/9780198870197.003.0108
Overview and Pathophysiology of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
Srirajaskanthan, R., & Rindi, G. (2022) · doi:10.1093/med/9780198870197.003.0106
Diagnostic Applications of Nuclear Medicine: Pancreatic Cancer
Tabacchi, E., Nanni, C., Bossert, I., Maffione, A. M., & Fanti, S. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-26067-9_17-4
Filho, R. M. F., Machado, E. M., de Campos, I., Manhães, F. C., Ramos, F. P. C., de Matos, A. A. L., Dias, V. E., Norberg, P. R. B. M., & Norberg, A. N. (2023) · Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research · doi:10.9734/jammr/2023/v35i215237
Young Lady with Abdominal Cramps and Difficulty in Breathing: The Shy Bride
Bhat, S. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-0636-1_16
- Authors
- van der Lely, A. J., & Herder, W. W. D.
- Affiliations
- Section of Endocrinology
- ORCID
- Herder, Wouter W. de
- Venue
- Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia
- Publisher
- FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
- Published
- 2005-10
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 850-860
- ISSN
- 0004-2730 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2052081199
- Cited by
- 73
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 0.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Americanae (AECID Library) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Neuroendocrine Tumor Research Advances
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal Bleeding Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments
- Keywords
- carcinoid syndrome, gastrointestinal carcinoid, enterochromaffin cells, midgut carcinoid, liver metastasis, cutaneous flushing, diarrhea, chromogranin A, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, tumor localization, somatostatin analogues, interferon-alpha, transarterial chemoembolization, radiofrequency ablation, liver transplantation, 111In-pentetreotide scintigraphy, MIBG scintigraphy
- MeSH terms
- Chromogranins, Gastrointestinal Neoplasms, Humans, Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid, Malignant Carcinoid Syndrome, Biomarkers, Tumor, Chromogranin A
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review