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Generalized anxiety disorder and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale in Parkinson's disease
Open accessAbstract
UNLABELLED: Anxiety is common in Parkinson's disease (PD), but studies concerning specific anxiety disorders are scarce. Essential psychometric properties of anxiety rating scales are also lacking. OBJECTIVE: To investigate general anxiety disorder (GAD) in PD and psychometric properties of the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (Ham-A). METHOD: Ninety-one PD patients underwent neurological and psychiatric examination, which included the MINI-Plus, the Ham-A and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (Ham-D). RESULTS: GAD was present in 30.8% of PD patients. Patients with GAD had longer disease duration (p=0.044) and were in use of higher doses of levodopa (p=0.034). They also tended to have more motor fluctuations and dyskinesias. The group with GAD scored higher in Ham-A (p<0.001), in the somatic (p=0.004) and psychic (p<0.001) subscales of Ham-A, and in Ham-D (p=0.004). The Ham-A showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=0.893) and a cutoff score of 10/11 is suggested to screen for GAD. CONCLUSION: GAD is frequent in PD and the Ham-A may be a useful instrument to screen for this disorder.
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“Anxiety symptom severity was measured using the Brazilian Portuguese version (Kummer et al., 2010) of the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) (Hamilton, 1959).”
From Inflammatory markers changes following acceptance-based behavioral psychotherapy in generalized anxiety disorder patients: Evidence from a randomized controlled trial (2024) · cites this paper as Kummer et al., 2010
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“Also, HRSA demonstrated good internal consistency, indicating an alpha coefficient of 0.89 (Kummer et al., 2010).”
From Standard CBT versus integrative and multimodal CBT assisted by virtual-reality for generalized anxiety disorder (2022) · cites this paper as Kummer et al., 2010
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Sorted by citations
Tovilla‐Zárate, C. A., Juárez‐Rojop, I. E., Peralta-Jiménez, Y., Jiménez, M. A., Vázquez, S., Bermudez‐Ocaña, D. Y., Ramón-Frías, T., Mendoza, A. D. G., García, S. P., & López‐Narváez, M. L. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0036887 · Cited by 143
“Although the scale assesses a broad range of symptoms, it is most frequently used to assess the severity of general anxiety disorder [35,36].”
BackgroundThe clinical spectrum of anxiety in Parkinson's disease
Dissanayaka, N. N. N. W., White, E., O'Sullivan, J. D., Marsh, R., Pachana, N. A., & Byrne, G. J. (2014) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.25937 · Cited by 124
“Duration of PD diagnosis is positively correlated with anxiety in a number of studies.(11,12,20,28,33,89,90) In contrast, Leentjens et al.”
BackgroundInfluentialAnxiety and depression in patients with Parkinson's disease.
Yamanishi, T., Tachibana, H., Oguru, M., Matsui, K., Toda, K., Okuda, B., & Oka, N. (2013) · Internal medicine · doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.52.8617 · Cited by 123
Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Hu, S., Chen, Y., Chen, Y., & Wang, C. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.714057 · Cited by 94
“Through continuous use of the scale, doctors can evaluate the results of medication or psychotherapy (38).”
BackgroundAnxiety rating scales in Parkinson's disease: a critical review updating recent literature
Dissanayaka, N. N. W., Torbey, E., & Pachana, N. A. (2015) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610215000885 · Cited by 74
“A limitation of Kummer et al. (2010), however, is that the mean age of the sample was 57.2 years while the mean age of PD onset was 48.4 years, suggesting this sample was not representative of the older age and PD onset in typical PD samples.”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Metadata
- Authors
- Kummer, A., Cardoso, F., & Teixeira, A. L.
- Affiliations
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (BR)
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil; UFMG
- ORCID
- Cardoso, Francisco
- Venue
- Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria
- Publisher
- FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
- Published
- 2010-08
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 495-501
- ISSN
- 0004-282X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2000777554
- Cited by
- 103
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 5.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Americanae (AECID Library) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
- Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Deep Brain Stimulation and Movement Disorders
- Keywords
- generalized anxiety disorder, Parkinson's disease, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, psychometric properties, anxiety screening, levodopa dose, motor fluctuations, dyskinesia, depression, internal consistency
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety Disorders, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Parkinson Disease, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, ROC Curve, Sensitivity and Specificity
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