La Comprensión de los Homicidios en América Latina: ¿Pobreza o Institucionalidad?
Open accessAbstract
Los homicidios ocurren en todo el mundo, pero no están homogéneamente distribuidos, cambian por zonas geográficas: continentes, países, regiones; en periodos de tiempo largos o cortos o por lo grupos sociales: edad, sexo, clase social o etnia. ¿Por qué en unos países hay más homicidios que en otros? ¿Por qué en unos países disminuyen los asesinatos y en otros se incrementan? Las explicaciones sociales de la violencia han tenido dos vertientes fundamentales: las teorías que la atribuyen a la pobreza y la desigualdad y las teorías de la institucionalidad o las normas sociales. Para discutir esas teorías el artículo analiza y compara los cambios ocurridos en Colombia, Venezuela y Brasil en la primera década del siglo XXI donde respectivamente disminuye, aumenta y se mantiene igual la tasa de homicidios. Utilizando la medición de seis variables (pobreza, desigualdad, desempleo, riqueza nacional, desarrollo humano y gobierno de la ley) y la técnica del análisis de trayectorias se encontró que la institucionalidad tiene una mayor fuerza explicativa en los cambios observados que la pobreza y la desigualdad. El texto concluye que la pobreza o la desigualdad influyen en la criminalidad y en los homicidios, aunque no de manera directa, sino mediadas por las instituciones.
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UNODC and WHO report that homicide levels have remained high in the Americas and in Eastern and Southern Africa, and in some countries levels increased.
“UNODC and WHO report that this is particularly the case for the Americas and in Eastern and Southern Africa, where homicide levels have remained high, and in some countries levels increased.”
From The global burden of injury: incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years and time trends from the Global Burden of Disease study 2013 (2016) · cites this paper as [31]
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- Authors
- Briceño-León, R.
- Affiliations
- Universidad Central de Venezuela (VE)
- Corresponding author
- Briceño-León, Roberto
- Venue
- Ciência & Saúde Coletiva
- Publisher
- FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
- Published
- 2012-12
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 3159-3170
- ISSN
- 1413-8123 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1988261676
- Cited by
- 44
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 6.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- es
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Ciência & Saúde Coletiva (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Americanae (AECID Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Redalyc (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse
- Keywords
- homicide, poverty, inequality, institutionalization, social norms, rule of law, human development, unemployment, national wealth, trajectory analysis, violence, Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Latin America
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Brazil, Child, Child, Preschool, Colombia, Crime, Female, Homicide, Humans, Latin America, Male, Middle Aged, Poverty, Social Control, Formal, Socioeconomic Factors, Venezuela, Young Adult
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