The Value of Paraphrase for Knowledge Base Predicates
Open accessAbstract
Paraphrase, i.e., differing textual realizations of the same meaning, has proven useful for many natural language processing (NLP) applications. Collecting paraphrase for predicates in knowledge bases (KBs) is the key to comprehend the RDF triples in KBs. Existing works have published some paraphrase datasets automatically extracted from large corpora, but have too many redundant pairs or don't cover enough predicates, which cannot be improved by computer only and need the help of human beings. This paper shows a full process of collecting large-scale and high-quality paraphrase dictionaries for predicates in knowledge bases, which takes advantage of existing datasets and combines the technologies of machine mining and crowdsourcing. Our dataset comprises 2284 distinct predicates in DBpedia and 31130 paraphrase pairs in total, the quality of which is a great leap over previous works. Then it is demonstrated that such good paraphrase dictionaries can do great help to natural language processing tasks such as question answering and language generation. We also publish our own dictionary for further research.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The paraphrase dictionary constructed by Xue et al. (2020) establishes a mapping relationship between natural language phrases and relations in the knowledge graph, which can be prior knowledge for implicit relation phrases with vague meanings.
“Considering the work (Xue et al., 2020) that constructs a dictionary of paraphrases and establishes a mapping relationship between NL phrases and relations in KG, which can be prior knowledge for implicit relation phrases with vague meanings”
From Implicit Relation Linking for Question Answering over Knowledge Graph (2022) · cites this paper as Xue et al., 2020
Split into 2 atoms — 1 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe Paraphrase dictionary maps natural language patterns to DBpedia relations and currently covers 2,284 relations and 31,130 paraphrase pairs.
“Paraphrase maps NL patterns to DBpedia relations, which currently covers 2,284 relations and 31,130 paraphrase pairs.”
From Implicit Relation Linking for Question Answering over Knowledge Graph (2022) · cites this paper as Xue et al., 2020
Previous works pre-collect paraphrase pairs between relation phrases in natural language and KG relations through frequent item mining or crowdsourcing.
“The previous works (Nakashole et al., 2012;Xue et al., 2020) pre-collect some paraphrase pairs (e.g.,”
From Implicit Relation Linking for Question Answering over Knowledge Graph (2022) · cites this paper as Xue et al., 2020
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
No references could be resolved yet.
Research works printed but not linked: 23
- Amsterdamer, Y.; Davidson, S. B.; Kukliansky, A.; Milo, T.; Nov- gorodov, S.; and Somech, A. 2015. Managing general and individ- ual knowledge in crowd mining applications. In CIDR 2015, Sev- enth Biennial Conference on Innovative Data Systems Research, Asilomar, CA, USA, January 4-7, 2015, Online Proceedings.
- Bizer, C.; Lehmann, J.; Kobilarov, G.; Auer, S.; Becker, C.; Cyga- niak, R.; and Hellmann, S. 2009. Dbpedia -A crystallization point for the web of data. J. Web Semant. 7(3):154-165.
- Deng, D.; Li, G.; Feng, J.; Duan, Y.; and Gong, Z. 2015. A uni- fied framework for approximate dictionary-based entity extraction. VLDB J. 24(1):143-167.
- Ganitkevitch, J.; Durme, B. V.; and Callison-Burch, C. 2013. PPDB: the paraphrase database. In Human Language Technolo- gies: Conference of the North American Chapter of the Associa- tion of Computational Linguistics, Proceedings, June 9-14, 2013,
- Hu, S.; Zou, L.; Yu, J. X.; Wang, H.; and Zhao, D. 2018. Answering natural language questions by subgraph matching over knowledge graphs. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 30(5):824-837.
- Li, J.; Galley, M.; Brockett, C.; Gao, J.; and Dolan, B. 2016. A diversity-promoting objective function for neural conversation models. In NAACL HLT 2016, The 2016 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguis- tics: Human Language Technologies, San Diego California, USA, June 12-17, 2016, 110-119.
- Marszalek-Kowalewska, K.; Zaretskaya, A.; and Soucek, M. 2014. Stanford typed dependencies: Slavic languages application. In Ad- vances in Natural Language Processing -9th International Con- ference on NLP, PolTAL 2014, Warsaw, Poland, September 17-19, 2014. Proceedings, 151-163.
- Miller, G. A. 1995. Wordnet: A lexical database for english. Com- mun. ACM 38(11):39-41.
- Nakashole, N.; Weikum, G.; and Suchanek, F. M. 2012. PATTY: A taxonomy of relational patterns with semantic types. In Proceed- ings of the 2012 Joint Conference on Empirical Methods in Nat- ural Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning, EMNLP-CoNLL 2012, July 12-14, 2012, Jeju Island, Ko- rea, 1135-1145.
- Nallapati, R.; Zhou, B.; dos Santos, C. N.; Gülc ¸ehre, C ¸.; and Xi- ang, B. 2016. Abstractive text summarization using sequence- to-sequence rnns and beyond. In Proceedings of the 20th SIGNLL Conference on Computational Natural Language Learn- ing, CoNLL 2016, Berlin, Germany, August 11-12, 2016, 280-290.
- Park, H., and Widom, J. 2014. Crowdfill: collecting structured data from the crowd. In International Conference on Management of Data, SIGMOD 2014, Snowbird, UT, USA, June 22-27, 2014, 577-588.
- Pavlick, E.; Rastogi, P.; Ganitkevitch, J.; Durme, B. V.; and Callison-Burch, C. 2015. PPDB 2.0: Better paraphrase ranking, fine-grained entailment relations, word embeddings, and style clas- sification. In Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the As- sociation for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing of the Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing, ACL 2015, July 26- 31, 2015, Beijing, China, Volume 2: Short Papers, 425-430.
- See, A.; Liu, P. J.; and Manning, C. D. 2017. Get to the point: Summarization with pointer-generator networks. In Proceedings of the 55th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, ACL 2017, Vancouver, Canada, July 30 -August 4, Vol- ume 1: Long Papers, 1073-1083.
- Spitkovsky, V. I., and Chang, A. X. 2012. A cross-lingual dictio- nary for english wikipedia concepts. In Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, LREC 2012, Istanbul, Turkey, May 23-25, 2012, 3168-3175.
- Tschirsich, M., and Hintz, G. 2013. Leveraging crowdsourcing for paraphrase recognition. In Proceedings of the 7th Linguistic Annotation Workshop and Interoperability with Discourse, LAW- ID@ACL 2013, August 8-9, 2013, Sofia, Bulgaria, 205-213.
- Tu, Z.; Lu, Z.; Liu, Y.; Liu, X.; and Li, H. 2016. Modeling cov- erage for neural machine translation. In Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, ACL 2016, August 7-12, 2016, Berlin, Germany, Volume 1: Long Papers.
- Usbeck, R.; Ngomo, A. N.; Conrads, F.; Röder, M.; and Napoli- tano, G. 2018. 8th challenge on question answering over linked data (QALD-8) (invited paper). In Joint proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Semantic Deep Learning (SemDeep-4) and NLIWoD4: Natural Language Interfaces for the Web of Data (NLIWOD-4) and 9th Question Answering over Linked Data chal- lenge (QALD-9) co-located with 17th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2018), Monterey, California, United States of America, October 8th -9th, 2018., 51-57.
- Vesdapunt, N.; Bellare, K.; and Dalvi, N. N. 2014. Crowdsourcing algorithms for entity resolution. PVLDB 7(12):1071-1082.
- Vinyals, O.; Fortunato, M.; and Jaitly, N. 2015. Pointer networks. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 28: Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems 2015, De- cember 7-12, 2015, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, 2692-2700.
- Wang, J.; Krishnan, S.; Franklin, M. J.; Goldberg, K.; Kraska, T.; and Milo, T. 2014. A sample-and-clean framework for fast and ac- curate query processing on dirty data. In International Conference on Management of Data, SIGMOD 2014, Snowbird, UT, USA, June 22-27, 2014, 469-480.
- Wang, S.; Xiao, X.; and Lee, C. 2015. Crowd-based dedupli- cation: An adaptive approach. In Proceedings of the 2015 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data, Mel- bourne, Victoria, Australia, May 31 -June 4, 2015, 1263-1277.
- Welinder, P., and Perona, P. 2010. Online crowdsourcing: Rating annotators and obtaining cost-effective labels. In IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, CVPR Workshops 2010, San Francisco, CA, USA, 13-18 June, 2010, 25-32.
- Zou, L., and Özsu, M. T. 2017. Graph-based RDF data manage- ment. Data Science and Engineering 2(1):56-70.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Implicit Relation Linking for Question Answering over Knowledge Graph
Zhao, Y., Huang, J., Hu, W., Chen, Q., Qiu, X., Huo, C., & Ren, W. (2022) · Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2022 · doi:10.18653/v1/2022.findings-acl.312 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
- Authors
- Xue, B., Hu, S., Zou, L., & Cheng, J.
- Affiliations
- Peking University (CN)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence
- Published
- 2020-04-03
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 05
- Pages
- 9346-9353
- ISSN
- 2159-5399 (ISSN-L)
- 2374-3468
- OpenAlex
- W2997929338
- Cited by
- 4
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 0.29
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.aaai.org/ (unspecified)
- Locations
- Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (publishedVersion)
- AAAI Publications (The Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI)) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (61532010, 61622201, 61932001, 61961130390)
- National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFB1003504)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Natural Language Processing Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Topic Modeling
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Semantic Web and Ontologies
- Keywords
- paraphrase, RDF triples, DBpedia, crowdsourcing, question answering, language generation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review