Foundations of Cooperative AI
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AI systems can interact in unexpected ways, sometimes with disastrous consequences. As AI gets to control more of our world, these interactions will become more common and have higher stakes. As AI becomes more advanced, these interactions will become more sophisticated, and game theory will provide the tools for analyzing these interactions. However, AI agents are in some ways unlike the agents traditionally studied in game theory, introducing new challenges as well as opportunities. We propose a research agenda to develop the game theory of highly advanced AI agents, with a focus on achieving cooperation.
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Safety evaluation datasets and studies do not address the complexities inherent in multi-agent interactions and broader real-world scenarios.
“These methods do not address the complexities inherent in multi-agent interactions and broader real-world scenarios”
From Cooperate or Collapse: Emergence of Sustainable Cooperation in a Society of LLM Agents (2024) · cites this paper as [13]
The Introduction says that aligning individual agents is not sufficient to ensure that a multi-agent system is safe, and gives real-world examples of harmful interactions. It does not assess safety evaluation datasets or studies, so it does not establish that those particular methods fail to address these complexities. The indexed copy provides no page numbers for these passages. (LLM, conf=0.83)
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A collective AI via lifelong learning and sharing at the edge
Soltoggio, A., Ben-Iwhiwhu, E., Braverman, V., Eaton, E., Epstein, B., Ge, Y., Halperin, L., How, J., Itti, L., Jacobs, M. A., et al. (2024) · Nature Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1038/s42256-024-00800-2 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Multi-Agent Collaboration Mechanisms: A Survey of LLMs
Tran, K.-T., Dao, D., Nguyen, M.-D., Pham, Q.-V., O'Sullivan, B., & Nguyen, H. D. (2025) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2501.06322 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Cooperate or Collapse: Emergence of Sustainable Cooperation in a Society of LLM Agents
Piatti, G., Jin, Z., Kleiman-Weiner, M., Schölkopf, B., Sachan, M., & Mihalcea, R. (2024) · Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 37 · doi:10.52202/079017-3548 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“These methods do not address the complexities inherent in multi-agent interactions and broader real-world scenarios, and more effort is needed to guarantee the safety of multi-agent systems [13–15].”
- Authors
- Conitzer, V., & Oesterheld, C.
- Affiliations
- Carnegie Mellon University (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence
- Published
- 2023-06-26
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 13
- Pages
- 15359-15367
- ISSN
- 2159-5399 (ISSN-L)
- 2374-3468
- OpenAlex
- W4382318237
- Cited by
- 19
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 1
- FWCI
- 9.26
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (publishedVersion)
- AAAI Publications (The Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI)) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Game Theory and Applications
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation
- Keywords
- game theory, AI agents, cooperation, AI safety, multi-agent interaction, research agenda
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