Cited by 5Multimedia Communication and Technology

Ouroboros-Diffusion: Exploring Consistent Content Generation in Tuning-free Long Video Diffusion

Open access
Chen, Jingyuan, Long, Fuchen, An, Jie, Qiu, Zhaofan, Yao, Ting, Luo, Jiebo, Mei, Tao·2025·Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence

Abstract

The first-in-first-out (FIFO) video diffusion, built on a pre-trained text-to-video model, has recently emerged as an effective approach for tuning-free long video generation. This technique maintains a queue of video frames with progressively increasing noise, continuously producing clean frames at the queue's head while Gaussian noise is enqueued at the tail. However, FIFO-Diffusion often struggles to keep long-range temporal consistency in the generated videos due to the lack of correspondence modeling across frames. In this paper, we propose Ouroboros-Diffusion, a novel video denoising framework designed to enhance structural and content (subject) consistency, enabling the generation of consistent videos of arbitrary length. Specifically, we introduce a new latent sampling technique at the queue tail to improve structural consistency, ensuring perceptually smooth transitions among frames. To enhance subject consistency, we devise a Subject-Aware Cross-Frame Attention (SACFA) mechanism, which aligns subjects across frames within short segments to achieve better visual coherence. Furthermore, we introduce self-recurrent guidance. This technique leverages information from all previous cleaner frames at the front of the queue to guide the denoising of noisier frames at the end, fostering rich and contextual global information interaction. Extensive experiments of long video generation on the VBench benchmark demonstrate the superiority of our Ouroboros-Diffusion, particularly…

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Registry

Crossref · 10.1609/aaai.v39i2.32205

Cites

0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

8 of 12 cited sources checked · 4 supported · 2 flagged · accuracy not yet measured

  • Premisecitation

    FIFO-Diffusion often struggles to keep long-range temporal consistency in generated videos due to the lack of correspondence modeling across frames.

    “However, FIFO-Diffusion often struggles to keep longrange temporal consistency in the generated videos due to the lack of correspondence modeling across frames.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Kim et al. 2024 source

      Section 3.1 (p. 4) says FIFO-Diffusion propagates context to later frames and lets each frame reference preceding frames, extending consistency to longer sequences. The qualitative results (p. 6) report that it maintains motion consistency by referencing earlier frames. The paper attributes difficulty maintaining long-term context to chunked autoregressive methods, not FIFO-Diffusion; it does not identify a lack of cross-frame correspondence modeling as the cause. (LLM, conf=0.88)

      Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Premisecitation

    The tail latent is typically sampled from a standard Gaussian distribution, which contains pure noise without any visual information.

    “The tail latent is typically sampled from a standard Gaussian distribution, which contains pure noise without any visual information.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Kim et al. 2024 source
  • Premisecitation

    The low-frequency component preserves layout information for overall video consistency.

    “The low-frequency component preserves layout information for overall video consistency, while the high-frequency component introduces necessary video dynamics.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Wu et al. 2023b

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Everaert et al. 2024 source

      Section 3.2 says low-frequency information from an image can survive diffusion noise, and Section 5.4 shows that selecting low-frequency components can influence generated images. The paper discusses image brightness and color, however, not preservation of layout across video frames or overall video consistency. (LLM, conf=0.82)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Premisecitation

    The low-frequency component in latent space primarily corresponds to layout and overall structure in pixel space.

    “Recent advances (Wu et al. 2023b;Everaert et al. 2024) indicate that the lowfrequency component in the latent space primarily corresponds to the layout and overall structure in the pixel space.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Wu et al. 2023b

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Everaert et al. 2024 source

      Sections 4.2.2 and 5.3 link low-frequency components of Stable Diffusion latents to generated-image brightness and colour variation across image areas. Section 5.4 shows that selecting those components can bias brightness and colour, but our copy does not establish that they primarily correspond to layout or overall structure in pixel space. The passages do not give page numbers. (LLM, conf=0.83)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Findingown data

    Directly applying noise to the second-to-last frame latent and using it as the new tail latent results in generated videos with limited dynamics due to excessive similarities in visual content.

    “However, we discover that this approach results in generated videos with limited dynamics due to the excessive similarities in visual content.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • May combine two claims. 16
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 4
  • The quote only partly states this claim. 2
  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    FIFO-Diffusion fails to utilize visual information contained in earlier denoised frames, which exacerbates temporal inconsistency in continuous video diffusion.

    “Moreover, FIFO-Diffusion fails to utilize visual information contained in the earlier denoised frames, which exacerbates temporal inconsistency in continuous video diffusion.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Kim et al. 2024 source

      Section 3.1 (p. 4) says the opposite: FIFO-Diffusion propagates context to later frames, lets each frame reference preceding frames, and thereby extends local consistency to longer sequences. Section 1 (p. 2) also says its lookahead denoising lets frames reference cleaner frames. The paper attributes inadequate contextual information and resulting discontinuities to chunked autoregressive methods, not FIFO-Diffusion. (LLM, conf=0.89)

      Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    The diagonal denoising approach proposed by Kim et al. (2024) maintains a queue of frames with progressively increasing noise levels, enabling frame-by-frame generation at each step.

    “Compared to general video diffusion that all frames share the same noise level, the diagonal denoising approach proposed by Kim et al. (2024) maintains a queue of frames with progressively increasing noise levels, enabling frame-by-frame generation at each step.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Kim et al. 2024 source
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    The latent enqueue-dequeue cycle allows for the incremental generation of video frames.

    “The latent enqueue-dequeue cycle allows for the incremental generation of video frames.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Kim et al. 2024 source
  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Once frames are fully denoised, they are dequeued and no longer contribute to the generation of subsequent frames.

    “Once frames are fully denoised, they are dequeued and no longer contribute to the generation of subsequent frames.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Kim et al. 2024 source
  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Ouroboros-Diffusion successfully generates smoother transitions and more consistent visual content in multi-scene long video generation.

    “As shown, Ouroboros-Diffusion successfully generates smoother transitions (e.g., scene changes with the astronaut maintaining the same motion direction) and more consistent visual content (e.g., a single, identical astronaut rather than two).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Experiments on the VBench benchmark validate the effectiveness of Ouroboros-Diffusion, demonstrating improvements in both visual quality and motion smoothness.

    “Experiments on the VBench benchmark validate the effectiveness of Ouroboros-Diffusion, demonstrating improvements in both visual quality and motion smoothness.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    FIFO-Diffusion maintains some content coherence but its enqueued independent Gaussian noise results in background variations.

    “Although the FIFO-Diffusion denoising strategy maintains some content coherence (e.g., the appearance of the cat), the enqueued independent Gaussian noise still results in background variations (e.g., changes in the building behind the pool).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Ouroboros-Diffusion outperforms all baselines in Subject/Background Consistency, Motion Smoothness, and Temporal Flickering on multi-scene VBench.

    “Ouroboros-Diffusion outperforms all baselines in Subject/Background Consistency, Motion Smoothness, and Temporal Flickering.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    StreamingT2V and FreeNoise often generate unreasonable or inconsistent content.

    “For example, StreamingT2V and FreeNoise often generate unreasonable or inconsistent content (e.g., the change of red collar in FreeNoise).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingown data

    Ouroboros-Diffusion demonstrates substantial performance boosts (0.66%∼1.77%) in Subject Consistency on multi-scene VBench.

    “Specifically, our approach demonstrates substantial performance boosts (0.66%∼1.77%) in Subject Consistency.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Ouroboros-Diffusion achieves a Temporal Flickering score of 96.12% on single-scene VBench, surpassing FIFO-Diffusion by 2.74% and FreeNoise by 2.50%.

    “Notably, Ouroboros-Diffusion achieves a Temporal Flickering score of 96.12%, surpassing the tuning-free approaches FIFO-Diffusion and FreeNoise by 2.74% and 2.50%, respectively.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Compared to other baselines, Ouroboros-Diffusion consistently produces videos with more seamless transitions and superior visual consistency.

    “Compared to other baselines, Ouroboros-Diffusion consistently produces videos with more seamless transitions and superior visual consistency.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Ouroboros-Diffusion preserves both subject and background consistency effectively.

    “In contrast, the video generated by our Ouroboros-Diffusion preserves both subject and background consistency effectively”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

    Findingnone given

    Ouroboros-Diffusion does not compromise video motion strength to improve temporal consistency.

    “It is important to note that our approach does not compromise video motion strength (e.g., causing static video generation) to improve temporal consistency.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The dynamic degree metric validly measures motion variability.
  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Later frames cannot reference information from previously generated frames, which causes the visual appearance of backgrounds and objects to gradually shift during continuous frame denoising, resulting in inconsistencies over time.

    “Consequently, later frames cannot reference the information from previously generated frames, which causes the visual appearance of backgrounds and objects to gradually shift during continuous frame denoising, resulting in inconsistencies over time.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Ouroboros-Diffusion enhances structural and content (subject) consistency, enabling the generation of consistent videos of arbitrary length.

    “In this paper, we propose Ouroboros-Diffusion, a novel video denoising framework designed to enhance structural and content (subject) consistency, enabling the generation of consistent videos of arbitrary length.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The high-frequency component of random noise introduces necessary video dynamics.
  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    FreeNoise exploits a noise scheduler for multi-scene video generation, but it emphasizes prompt adjustment in different denoising steps for motion injection.

    “Note that FreeNoise exploits a noise scheduler for multi-scene video generation, but it emphasizes on prompt adjustment in different denoising steps for motion injection.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Qiu et al. 2024

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationnone given

    Ouroboros-Diffusion utilizes long-term memory derived from the frame at the head of the queue to guide the denoising of noisier frames near the tail, optimizing the latent through a subject-aware gradient during video denoising.

    “Specifically, Ouroboros-Diffusion utilizes the long-term memory derived from the frame at the head of the queue to guide the denoising of noisier frames near the tail, optimizing the latent through a subject-aware gradient during video denoising.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The first f cleaner frame latents of the video sequence contain clearer and more critical visual information, making them an essential basis for the construction of long-term memory.
  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    The best performances of Subject Consistency (96.06%) and Background Consistency (96.90%) show that Ouroboros-Diffusion benefits from subject-level guidance, resulting in natural coherence throughout long video generation.

    “Additionally, the best performances of Subject Consistency (96.06%) and Background Consistency (96.90%) further show that Ouroboros-Diffusion benefits from subject-level guidance, resulting in natural coherence throughout long video generation.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    Ouroboros-Diffusion maintains motion variability while further enhancing content consistency in video synthesis.

    “confirming that our method maintains motion variability while further enhancing content consistency in video synthesis.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The dynamic degree metric validly measures motion variability.
  • The quote only partly states this claim.

    Premisereasoning

    The subject consistency of videos produced by diagonal denoising is often compromised due to lack of global consistency modeling and latent discrepancy near the tail.

    “However, the subject consistency of the videos produced by diagonal denoising is often compromised due to the following two limitations: Lack of Global Consistency Modeling.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
21 of 21
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Most current video diffusion models are trained on short clips (e.g., 16 frames), which is a significant challenge when scaling to long video generation.

    “However, most current video diffusion models are trained on short clips (e.g., 16 frames), a significant challenge when scaling to long video generation.”
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The first f cleaner frame latents of the video sequence contain clearer and more critical visual information, making them an essential basis for the construction of long-term memory.

    “These initial f frames are particularly valuable as they contain clearer and more critical visual information, making them an essential basis for the construction of long-term memory.”
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The high-frequency component of random noise introduces necessary video dynamics.

    “The low-frequency component preserves layout information for overall video consistency, while the high-frequency component introduces necessary video dynamics.”
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The dynamic degree metric validly measures motion variability.

    “we calculate the dynamic degree of the pre-trained base model VideoCrafter2”
    “Ouroboros-Diffusion attains a higher dynamic degree of 44.12”
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The low-frequency component of latents near the queue tail carries structural information that can enhance structural consistency.

    “inject structural information into newly enqueued Gaussian noise by leveraging the low-frequency component of latents near the queue tail, thereby enhancing the consistency of the overall structural layout.”
5 of 5

Cites

The publisher hasn’t deposited this paper’s reference list.

Research works printed but not linked: 5

  1. [13]13. Ho, J.; Salimans, T.; Gritsenko, A.; Chan, W.; Norouzi, M.; and Fleet, D. J. 2022b. Video Diffusion Models. In NeurIPS. Hong, W.; Ding, M.; Zheng, W.; Liu, X.; and Tang, J. 2023. CogVideo: Large-Scale Pretraining for Text-to-Video Gen- eration via Transformers. In ICLR.
  2. [25]25. Meng, C.; He, Y.; Song, Y.; Song, J.; Wu, J.; Zhu, J.-Y.; and Ermon, S. 2022. SDEdit: Guided Image Synthesis and Edit- ing with Stochastic Differential Equations. In ICLR.
  3. [30]30. Radford, A.; Kim, J. W.; Hallacy, C.; Ramesh, A.; Goh, G.; Agarwal, S.; Sastry, G.; Askell, A.; Mishkin, P.; Clark, J.; et al. 2021. Learning Transferable Visual Models from Nat- ural Language Supervision. In ICML.
  4. [31]31. Singer, U.; Polyak, A.; Hayes, T.; Yin, X.; An, J.; Zhang, S.; Hu, Q.; Yang, H.; Ashual, O.; Gafni, O.; et al. 2023. Make-A-Video: Text-to-Video Generation without Text- Video Data. In ICLR.
  5. [38]38. Wang, X.; Yuan, H.; Zhang, S.; Chen, D.; Wang, J.; Zhang, Y.; Shen, Y.; Zhao, D.; and Zhou, J. 2023b. VideoComposer: Compositional Video Synthesis with Motion Controllability. In NeurIPS. Wu, J. Z.; Ge, Y.; Wang, X.; Lei, W.; Gu, Y.; Shi, Y.; Hsu, W.; Shan, Y.; Qie, X.; and Shou, M. Z. 2023a. Tune-A-Video: One-Shot Tuning of Image Diffusion Models for Text-to- Video Generation. In ICCV.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Chen, J., Long, F., An, J., Qiu, Z., Yao, T., Luo, J., & Mei, T.
Affiliations
University of Rochester (US)
Venue
Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence
Published
2025-04-11
Volume
39
Issue
2
Pages
2079-2087
ISSN
  • 2159-5399 (ISSN-L)
  • 2374-3468
OpenAlex
W4409346405
Cited by
5
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 3
FWCI
19.26
Type
conference paper
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (publishedVersion)
  • AAAI Publications (The Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI)) (submittedVersion)
Topics
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Multimedia Communication and Technology
Keywords
long video generation, video denoising, temporal coherence, text-to-video models

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