Human Oropharyngeal Candidiasis: From Etiology to Current Treatment
Open accessAbstract
Oral candidiasis is a common but most harmful oral cavity infection caused by yeast-like fungus, this condition is called Oropharyngeal candidiasis. There are various species of candida that are responsible for oral cavity fungal infection including mostly Candida albicans. Different candida infections may be acute and chronic. Cell-mediated immunity, humoral immunity, and granulocytes are the immune factors for the cause of this infection. Different antifungal drugs like nystatin, fluconazole, and amphotericin are used to treat oral cavity fungal infections.
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Qadir, M. I., & Kanwal, H. (2015) · Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.22200/pjpr.2015286-91 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 96 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 30
- Liguori G, Di Onofrio V, Gallé F, Lucariello A, Albano L, Catania MR, Guida M. Candida albicans identification: Comparison among nine phenotypic systems and a multi- plex PCR. J Prev Med Hyg. 2010;51(3):121-4.
- Hanif M, Shoaib MH, Yousuf RI, Sattar S, Nadeem M, Hussain L, Zia MU, Muhammad IN, Uzair M, Qadir I. Formulation development of intermediate release Nime- sulide tablets by CCRD for IVIVC studies. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2014;27(4):785-92.
- Massud A, Ishfaq B, Ahmed B, Qadir MI. Formulation, development and optimization of propranolol mucoadhe- sive bilayer tablets by using central composite design and its in-vitro studies. Lat Am J Pharm. 2015;34(8):1637-44.
- Massud A, Umar MH, Ahmed B, Qadir MI. Formu- lation and evaluation of sustained release bilayer tab- lets of naproxen and tizanidine. Lat Am J Pharm. 2021;40(2):390-7.
- Qadir MI. Nanopreparations for better drug delivery. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2017;30(6):2301-9.
- Zafar S, Rasul A, Iqbal MS, Rasool M, Ahmed B, Qadir MI. Nanobiotechnology: Cradle for revolution in drug carrier systems. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2021;34(1):185-96.
- Qadir MI. QadirVID-19: A fusion inhibitor against novel Coronavirus-2019 for specific management of COVID-19. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2020;33(5):2187-92.
- Ilyas U, Altaf R, Aun Muhammad S, Qadir MI, Nadeem H, Ahmed S. Computational drug designing of newly synthesized triazoles against potential targets of methi- cillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2017;30(6):2271-9.
- Qadir MI, Mushtaq H, Mobeen T. In-silico study of potential carboxylic acid derivatives as D-glutamate ligase inhibitors in Salmonella typhi. Kuwait J Sci. 2018;45(1):100-7.
- Qadir MI. Qadirvirtide. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2011;24(4):593-5.
- Ameen S, Qadir MI, Ahmad B. Pharmacogenomic ap- proaches in the treatment of breast cancer by tamoxifen. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2012;25(2):469-76.
- Iqbal MZ, Qadir MI, Hussain T, Janbaz KH, Khan YH, Ahmad B. Probiotics and their beneficial effects against various diseases. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2014;27(2):405-15.
- Ahmed B, Rasul A, Tareen KZ, Hamid Akash MS, Mu- hammad SA, Irfan M, Abbas K, Qadir MI. Contemporary evidence on the dynamic role of probiotics in liver dis- eases. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2019;32(6):2759-64.
- Bokhari TH, Hina S, Ahmad M, Iqbal M, Shafiq M, Ar- shad M, Asghar M, Aslam M, Qadir M. Concentration of 188 Re-perrhenate for therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. J Chem Soc Pak. 2012;35:147-50.
- Ali M, Hanif M, Farooqi AA. Epigenetic therapy for can- cer. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2015;28(3):1023-32.
- Paracha UZ, Hayat K, Ali M, Qadir MI. New diagnostic and therapeutic avenues for mesothelioma. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2015;28(4):1425-32.
- Ahmed B, Basheer R, Irfan M, Akash MSH, Muham- mad SA, Qadir MI. Molecular elucidations of hutchin- son-gilford progeria syndrome: A hope for managing horrors of premature aging in children. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2020;33(3):1179-82.
- Hussain L, Abbas K, Ahmed B, Baber M, Muhammad SA, Qadir MI. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous-methanolic extract of Aerva javanica. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2017;30(1):213-5.
- Qadir MI, Abbas K, Hamayun R, Ali M. Analgesic, an- ti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic activities of aqueous eth- anolic extract of Tamarix aphylla L. (Saltcedar) in mice. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2014;27(6):1985-8.
- Qadir MI, Parveen A, Abbas K, Ali M. Analgesic, anti-in- flammatory and anti-pyretic activities of thymus linearis. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2016;29(2):591-4.
- Abbas K, Rizwani GH, Qadir MI, Younis M, Qaisar MN, Siddique FA, Aamir MN, Wazir A, Shaheer T. Herbal formulation comprised of methanol extracts of Tribulus terristris L. and Zingiber officinale roscoe has antihy- pertensive effects. Altern Ther Health Med. 2023;29(4): 234-9.
- Janbaz KH, Nisar U, Ashraf M, Qadir MI. Spasmolytic, bronchodilator and antioxidant activities of Erythrina su- perosa Roxb. Acta Pol Pharm. 2012;69(6):1111-7.
- Saleem S, Uzair M, Ahmad B, Qadir MI, Abbas K, Sid- diqui FA, Qaisar N. Cytomorphological, phytochemical, antimicrobial and antioxidant investigations of different morphological parts of Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad & Wendl. Lat Am J Pharm. 2018;37:839-48.
- Sadique A, Khalid SH, Asghar S, Irfan M, Qadir M. Mi- conazole nitrate microemulsion: Preparation, charac- terization and evaluation for enhancement of antifungal activity. Lat Am J Pharm. 2018;37(8):1578-86.
- Qadir MI, Abbas K, Tahir M, Irfan M, Raza Bukhari SF, Ahmed B, Hanif M, Rasul A, Ali M. Dengue fever: Natu- ral management. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2015;28(2):647-55.
- Qadir MI, Maqbool F, Maqbool A, Ali M. HIV-Plasmo- dium Co-infection: Malaria in AIDS patients. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2015;28(5):1811-7.
- Azam F, Ahmad B, Uzair M, Qadir MI. Leishmanicidal activity of aerial parts of Ranunculus muricatus and isola- tion of stigmasterol and beta-sitosterol as active constitu- ents. Lat Am J Pharm. 2018;37(9):1905-8.
- Ali M, Qadir MI, Saleem M, Janbaz KH, Gul H, Hussain L, Ahmad B. Hepatoprotective potential of Convolvu- lus arvensis against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity. Bangladesh J Pharmacol. 2013;8(3):300-4.
- Saleem M, Ahmed B, Karim M, Ahmed S, Ahmad M, Qadir MI. Hepatoprotective effect of aqueous meth- anolic extract of Rumex dentatus in paracetamol-in- duced hepatotoxicity in mice. Bangladesh J Pharmacol. 2014;9(3):284-9.
- Afzal S, Chaudhry B, Afzal K, Saeed J, Hakash S, Qadir M. Acetyl cholinesterase and butyryl cholinesterase in- hibitory activities of Zaleya pentandra. Acta Pol Pharm. 2017;74(3):891-4.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Bao, M.-Y., Bu, Q., Pan, M., Xu, R., Chen, Y., Yang, Y., Wang, C., & Wang, T. (2024) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2024.118305 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
e Silva, D. M., de Souza Lacerda, L., de Souza Andrioli, A., Braz, W. R., Campos, L. M., de Paiva, M. R. B., Pittella, F., Fabri, R. L., & Tavares, G. D. (2025) · Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/fcp.70046 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“OC, also known as oropharyngeal candidiasis, is a fungal infection caused by Candida species that affects the oral cavity [73].”
Comparison of herbal products with antifungal drugs in cure of oral candidiasis: A systematic review
Khozeimeh, F., Ghadiri, N., Zolfaghari, B., & Tahani, B. (2025) · Dental Research Journal · doi:10.4103/drj.drj_415_24 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Relevante Aspekte zu Candida-Spezies in der Dermatologie
Müller, V. L., Kreuter, A., Uhrlaß, S., & Nenoff, P. (2025) · Die Dermatologie · doi:10.1007/s00105-025-05538-5 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Xu, R., Chen, Y., Yang, Y., Wang, C., Wu, D., & Wang, T. (2026) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2026.121413 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Relationship between Human Body Weight and Specific Gravity of Urine
Ahmad, M. H., Qadir, M. I., Hussai, H. S., & Sadaf, A. (2024) · doi:10.46431/mejast.2024.7204
Self-citationIS THERE ANY RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HUMAN BODY WEIGHT AND URINE NITRITE
(2024) · Journal of Bio Innovation · doi:10.46344/jbino.2024.v13i03.06
The Association Between Oral Candidiasis and ABO Blood Type in Infants in Kirkuk City, Iraq
Abdullah, I. T., Noori, A., Mohammed, B. L., & Beebany, S. (2024) · Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology · doi:10.30699/ijmm.18.5.301
- Authors
- Qadir, M. I., Bashir, H., & Ahmad, M. H.
- Affiliations
- Bahauddin Zakariya University (PK)
- Venue
- Critical Reviews in Immunology
- Publisher
- Begell House
- Published
- 2023
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 15-24
- ISSN
- 0197-3355 (ISSN-L)
- 1040-8401
- OpenAlex
- W4386489001
- Cited by
- 8
- References
- 96
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4
- FWCI
- 0.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Critical Reviews in Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › HIV/AIDS oral health manifestations
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral Health Pathology and Treatment
- Keywords
- oropharyngeal candidiasis, oral candidiasis, Candida albicans, Candida species, fungal infection, etiology, cell-mediated immunity, humoral immunity, granulocytes, antifungal agents, nystatin, fluconazole, amphotericin
- MeSH terms
- Antifungal Agents, Candida albicans, Candidiasis, Candidiasis, Oral, Humans, Fluconazole
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