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Genome editing technologies: CRISPR, LEAPER, RESTORE, ARCUT, SATI, and RESCUE

Görücü Yılmaz, Şenay·2021·IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund
DOI 10.17179/excli2020-3070PMC PMC7838830
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Abstract

Genome editing technologies include techniques used for desired genetic modifications and allow the insertion, modification or deletion of specific DNA fragments. Recent advances in genome biology offer unprecedented promise for interdisciplinary collaboration and applications in gene editing. New genome editing technologies enable specific and efficient genome modifications. The sources that inspire these modifications and already exist in the genome are DNA degradation enzymes and DNA repair pathways. Six of these recent technologies are the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), leveraging endogenous ADAR for programmable editing of RNA (LEAPER), recruiting endogenous ADAR to specific transcripts for oligonucleotide-mediated RNA editing (RESTORE), chemistry-based artificial restriction DNA cutter (ARCUT), single homology arm donor mediated intron-targeting integration (SATI), RNA editing for specific C-to-U exchange (RESCUE). These technologies are widely used from various biomedical researches to clinics, agriculture, and allow you to rearrange genomic sequences, create cell lines and animal models to solve human diseases. This review emphasizes the characteristics, superiority, limitations, also whether each technology can be used in different biological systems and the potential application of these systems in the treatment of several human diseases.

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  • The use of multicomponent Class I CRISPR proteins, such as CRISPR/Cas-3 and CRISPR/Cas-10, provides better genome editing efficiency than Cas-9.

    “Recently, the use of multicomponent Class I CRISPR proteins, such as CRISPR/Cas-3 and CRISPR/Cas-10 provides better genome editing efficiency than Cas-9.72”

    From Mechanism and Applications of CRISPR/Cas-9-Mediated Genome Editing (2021) · cites this paper as [72]

  • The Cas-10 protein can identify sequences even in the presence of point mutation.

    “The Cas-10 protein does not require the PAM sequence and can identify sequences even in the presence of point mutation.72”

    From Mechanism and Applications of CRISPR/Cas-9-Mediated Genome Editing (2021) · cites this paper as [72]

  • Cas-3 is an ATP-dependent nuclease/helicase that can delete a large part of DNA from the target site without prominent off-target effect.

    “The Cas-3 is an ATP-dependent nuclease/helicase that can delete a large part of DNA from the target site without prominent off-target effect.”

    From Mechanism and Applications of CRISPR/Cas-9-Mediated Genome Editing (2021) · cites this paper as [72]

  • The Cas-10 protein does not require the PAM sequence.

    “The Cas-10 protein does not require the PAM sequence and can identify sequences even in the presence of point mutation.72”

    From Mechanism and Applications of CRISPR/Cas-9-Mediated Genome Editing (2021) · cites this paper as [72]

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Metadata

Authors
Görücü Yılmaz, Ş.
Venue
IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund
Publisher
IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund
Published
2021
DOI
10.17179/excli2020-3070
PMC
PMC7838830
References
5

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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