IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α only in combination influence the osteoporotic phenotype in Crohn’s patients via bone formation and bone resorption

BACKGROUND Crohn´s disease (CD) is associated with a higher prevalence of osteoporosis. The pathogenesis of bone affliction remains controversial, especially if inflammatory cytokines or glucocorticoid therapy are the main contributors. In postmenopausal osteoporosis, bone resorption is induced b…