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Bicycle and Car Share Schemes as Inclusive Modes of Travel? A Socio-Spatial Analysis in Glasgow, UK
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Public bicycle and car sharing schemes have proliferated in recent years and are increasingly part of the urban transport landscape. Shared transport options have the potential to support social inclusion by improving accessibility: these initiatives could remove some of the barriers to car ownership or bicycle usage such as upfront costs, maintenance and storage. However, the existing evidence base indicates that, in reality, users are most likely to be white, male and middle class. This paper argues that there is a need to consider the social inclusivity of sharing schemes and to develop appropriate evaluation frameworks accordingly. We therefore open by considering ways in which shared transport schemes might be inclusive or not, using a framework developed from accessibility planning. In the second part of the paper, we use the case study of Glasgow in Scotland to undertake a spatial equity analysis of such schemes. We examine how well they serve different population groups across the city, using the locations of bicycle stations and car club parking spaces in Glasgow, comparing and contrasting bike and car. An apparent failure to deliver benefits across the demographic spectrum raises important questions about the socially inclusive nature of public investment in similar schemes.
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“In addition, the spatial extension of SAVs will be limited, given the market imperative that lies at the core of these on-demand systems [5].”
From The opportunity of shared autonomous vehicles to improve spatial equity in accessibility and socio-economic developments in European urban areas (2021) · cites this paper as [5]
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“These are mostly highly educated, middle to high income individuals who use shared mobility as a substitute for other means of transport.”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Clark, J., & Curl, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Glasgow (GB)
- Venue
- Social Inclusion
- Publisher
- Cogitatio
- Published
- 2016-06-07
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 83-99
- ISSN
- 2183-2803 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2290275811
- Cited by
- 74
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 10.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Social Inclusion (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Social Science Open Access Repository (GESIS – Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- UC Research Repository (University of Canterbury) (submittedVersion)
- Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- University of Glasgow
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Transportation › Urban Transport and Accessibility
- Social Sciences › Transportation › Transportation and Mobility Innovations
- Social Sciences › Transportation › Transportation Planning and Optimization
- Keywords
- bike sharing, car sharing, shared mobility, accessibility (transport and spatial geography), spatial equity, socio-spatial analysis, demographic disparities, accessibility planning, evaluation framework, Glasgow
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