Rare-earth elements in Precambrian iron formations in Väyrylänkylä, South Puolanka area, Finland
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Partial rare-earth element (REE) and ore analyses of 19 samples of oxide-, carbonate-, silicate-, and sulphide-facies rocks from the Superior-type Precambrian (Karelian) iron formations and associated rocks (pelitic metasediments, dolomite, basic tuffite and metadiabase) are given. For comparison one analysis of an Archean (Prekarelidic) iron formation of the Algoma type is also included. The Karelian iron formations are relatively rich in REE and their REE distribution patterns show depletion of Ce. This is due to the regularly occurring apatite, in which these features are multiplied as is indicated by the analysis of the apatite-rich band. This stratum is interpreted as a marine phosphorite interband and, consequently, the apatite in the iron formations as of marine origin. With the exception of Ce, the REE distribution patterns in iron formations and associated pelitic metasediments and dolomite are relatively similar. All these rocks show a clear trend towards relative depletion of the lighter REE and Yb and Lu in comparison with the North American shale (NAS). Metadiabase and basic tuffite are poor in REE and depleted in the lighter REE in the same way as are tholeitic basalts. Archean iron formations seem to have a greater Eu:Sm ratio than the younger iron formations. More REE data from geologically wellknown iron formations are needed, however, before any definitive conclusions can be drawn.
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These REE+Y patterns are typically mimicked in the REE+Y patterns of post-Archaean iron formations.
“These patterns are typically mimicked in the REE+Y patterns of post-Archaean IF (Laajoki, 1975; Fryer, 1977a, b; Graf, 1978; Barrett et al., 1988; Klein and Beukes, 1989).”
From Iron formations: A global record of Neoarchaean to Palaeoproterozoic environmental history (2017) · cites this paper as Laajoki, 1975
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- Authors
- Laajoki, K.
- Corresponding author
- Laajoki, K.
- Venue
- Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland
- Publisher
- The Geological Society of Finland
- Published
- 1975-12
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 93-107
- ISSN
- 0367-5211 (ISSN-L)
- 1799-4632
- OpenAlex
- W2746741458
- Cited by
- 33
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 2.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- fi
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geophysics › Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- Keywords
- rare earth elements, Precambrian iron formations, apatite, REE patterns, dolomite, metadiabase
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