The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Wounding the Spirit: Discrimination and Traditional American Indian Belief Systems
Abstract
When educators debate the effects of cultural differences on educational practice, they are normally concerned with issues of language, learning patterns, and preferred communication styles. Seldom do they consider how differences in belief systems might affect educational practice. Carol Locust argues that fundamental differences exist between the belief systems of American Indians and those of non-Indians, and that the lack of knowledge about these belief systems on the part of the U.S. educational system has led to discriminatory treatment of American Indian students. Locust concludes that educators must understand and respect American Indian belief systems before they can begin to improve the educational experiences of American Indian children.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
A Yupiaq Worldview: A Pathway to Ecology and Spirit
Kawagley, O. (2020) · The Alaska Native Reader · doi:10.1515/9780822390831-023 · Cited by 406
Whitbeck, L. B., McMorris, B. J., Hoyt, D. R., Stubben, J. D., & LaFromboise, T. (2002) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/3090234 · Cited by 189
Red as an Apple: Native American Acculturation and Counseling With or Without Reservation
Garrett, M. T., & Pichette, E. F. (2000) · Journal of Counseling & Development · doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.2000.tb02554.x · Cited by 176
Annamma, S., Morrison, D., & Jackson, D. (2014) · Berkeley Review of Education · doi:10.5070/b85110003 · Cited by 91
Kulis, S., Hodge, D. R., Ayers, S. L., Brown, E. F., & Marsiglia, F. F. (2012) · The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse · doi:10.3109/00952990.2012.670338 · Cited by 60
Metadata
- Authors
- Locust, C.
- Venue
- Harvard Educational Review
- Publisher
- Harvard Education Publishing Group
- Published
- 1988-09-01
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 315-331
- ISSN
- 0017-8055 (ISSN-L)
- 1943-5045
- OpenAlex
- W1924491683
- Cited by
- 167
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 3.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Wounding the Spirit: Discrimination and Traditional American Indian Belief Systems. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.17763/haer.58.3.e0r224774008738p
- The paper
- Locust, C. (1988). Wounding the Spirit: Discrimination and Traditional American Indian Belief Systems. Harvard Educational Review. https://doi.org/10.17763/haer.58.3.e0r224774008738p
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.